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1.
为了研究H9N2亚型禽流感病毒河北分离株Z1对哺乳动物小鼠的致病性,试验采用H9N2亚型AIV Z1株感染Balb/c小鼠后,观察小鼠的临床表现和组织病理学变化,通过测量体重、体温、采食量,检测禽流感病毒靶器官肺脏内病毒含量的动态变化及相应血清抗体水平的情况。结果表明:小鼠感染后表现为采食量和体温有一定程度的下降、体重减少等明显的临床发病症状,组织病理学变化特征为肺部严重的淤血、水肿和炎性细胞渗出。14 d后感染小鼠能产生相应的病毒抗体。H9N2亚型AIV Z1株无需适应就能感染哺乳动物小鼠,说明Balb/c小鼠可作为研究人-禽流感病毒的动物模型。  相似文献   

2.
对2013~2015年,从各省养鸡场分离的4株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒进行致病性试验,结果显示,4株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒鼻腔接种SPF鸡后,所有鸡均发生感染并排毒,感染鸡泄殖腔排毒量明显高于口腔,致病性强的毒株比致病性弱的毒株排毒时间要长,在接种后的3~5 d个别鸡表现出精神沉郁,缩头闭眼的情况,并且整体出现食欲下降,但并没有鸡死亡;4株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒感染SPF鸡后,在鸡脏器中的分布各不相同,致病性强的毒株比致病性弱的毒株更具有较广的组织嗜性,在鸡体内各个组织器官复制能力更强。结果表明,4株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒对SPF鸡均具有一定的致病性。  相似文献   

3.
<正>为进一步做好高致病性禽流感防控工作,近日农业部制定了《全国高致病性禽流感免疫方案》,决定从2017年秋季开始,在家禽免疫H5亚型禽流感的基础上,对全国家禽全面开展H7N9免疫。在2017年秋季统一用重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株+H7N9 H7-Re1株)替代重组禽流感病毒H5  相似文献   

4.
正川农函[2021]275号接农业农村部通报,国内个别地区发现H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒,已出现野禽感染H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感疫情。针对当前禽流感防控形势,为切实做好高致病性禽流感防控工作,严防病毒向禽类养殖场传播,保护四川省家禽及生猪养殖业健康发展。  相似文献   

5.
通过综述感染人类的H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒起源及演化关系,表明感染人的A/Hongkong/97(H5N1)株及目前流行的高致病性禽流感病毒可能起源于禽源的A型流感病毒株(A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96)。自1996年以来,H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的基因型经Gs/Gd,A,B,C,D,E,V,W,X0-X3,Y,Z和Z 不断的演化为目前流行的基因型Z。高致病性禽流感病毒(H5,H7和H9亚型)在禽,特别是水禽体内的重组或重配而相互传播,并随候鸟的迁徙而传播不易消灭,H5N1亚型的禽流感在不同地区的不断暴发与流行已严重威胁着养禽业的发展及人类的健康,需要进行长期监控。  相似文献   

6.
2019年11月本实验室从家禽监测样品中分离鉴定到一株低致病性H5N6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV),命名为A/chicken/Hebei/S1/2019(H5N6)(简称CK/HeB/S1/19)。为进一步了解其生物学特点,本实验对其全基因组测序并进行遗传演化分析,结果显示,该病毒属于2.3.4.4h分支,碱性裂解位点为PLRESR↓GLF,属于低致病性AIV(LPAIV)。对其各基因节段分别经BLAST比对后发现,其外部基因来源于H5N6亚型AIV,内部基因完全来源于H9N2亚型AIV,推测该分离株为一株重组病毒。将CK/HeB/S1/19病毒株接种SPF鸡及BALB/c小鼠研究其致病性,结果显示,该病毒虽然能够感染鸡,但不能在鸡体内有效复制,而该病毒未经适应就可在3只小鼠的鼻甲和肺中进行复制,对小鼠呈低致病性。本研究为H5亚型AIV的检测和其感染的综合防控提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
<正>1H5N1亚型禽流感病毒致病性研究为研究H5N1亚型禽流感华南分离株A/DK/GD/118株(对小鼠低致病性)与A/CK/GD/88株(对小鼠高致病性)对小鼠的致病机制,将弱  相似文献   

8.
中国H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒抗原变异株的鉴定分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
对引起中国2006年山西、宁夏2省(区)H5N1亚型禽流感疫情的代表毒株——A/chicken/Shanxi/2/2006(H5N1)(CK/SX/06)进行了全面研究。结果表明该病毒具有高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)特征,基因组序列分析发现其8个基因片段与中国传统H5N1亚型禽流感病毒GS/GD/1/96(H5N1)存在较大差异,属于新的基因型——山西鸡型;抗原性分析结果表明其在抗原性方面与GS/GD/1/96同样存在较大变异,将其命名为"山西鸡型"抗原变异株;以106EID50.0.1 mL-1剂量将该病毒经鼻腔接种4周龄SPF鸭以评价其对水禽的感染能力,结果表明其不感染鸭;常规方法接种BALB/c小鼠以评价其对哺乳动物的感染和致病能力,结果表明其能感染小鼠,但不引起死亡,呈低致病力。说明该类型高致病性H5N1 HPAIV目前仅危害鸡,不具备感染水禽的能力,感染哺乳动物但不致死。该类型病毒的出现与流行为中国禽流感的免疫与防制提出新的课题。  相似文献   

9.
从西藏地区病死鸡体内分离鉴定到1株H5N2亚型禽流感病毒,基因组序列测定与分析显示,此H5N2毒株可能是由H5NI和H9N22种亚型的病毒重配形成,其PB2、HA、NS片段与高致病性H5NI亚型高度同源,PBI、PA、NP、NA、M均与低致病性H9N2亚型亲缘关系相近。尽管HA蛋白切割位点有多个碱性氨基酸序列,但静脉接种指数只有0．59,表现为低致病力。  相似文献   

10.
4株H5N6亚型禽流感病毒毒株的分离鉴定与致病性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究旨在研究4株H5N6亚型禽流感病毒分离株的生物学特性与对鸡的致病性。对2015—2016年广东地区的临床送检样品进行病毒分离鉴定,对分离株进行基因克隆、测序和序列分析,并对4周龄SPF鸡点眼、滴鼻攻毒。结果分离得到4株H5N6亚型禽流感病毒,其HA基因属于Clade2.3.4.4,HA蛋白的裂解位点处具有多个连续碱性氨基酸,具备高致病性禽流感病毒的分子特征。攻毒组鸡5d内全部死亡,同居组9d内全部死亡;攻毒后鸡持续排毒,在心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑等组织脏器中病毒滴度高,且对组织造成广泛性损伤。4株所测试的H5N6亚型禽流感病毒分离株对鸡具有高致病性和水平传播能力,提示需加强H5N6亚型禽流感的防控。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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