共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
氯氰菊酯对草鱼鳃和肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
在实验室条件下,研究了氯氰菊酯对草鱼鱼种的急性毒性及其对鳃和肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。结果表明,氯氰菊酯对草鱼鱼种24,48,72,96h半致死浓度分别为32 82μg L、9 92μg L、8 12μg L、6 51μg L;经1μg L、3μg L、5μg L浓度处理,测得鳃SOD活性6h时升高,后转为抑制,对肝脏SOD酶呈现促进作用,酶活性的变化呈一定浓度相关性。 相似文献
2.
为了探讨邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus erythropterus)幼鱼的胁迫效应,于DBP暴露后0、6、12、24、48和96 h时检测红鳍笛鲷鳃、肝和脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性。结果表明,DBP对红鳍笛鲷的24 h、48 h和96 h LC50分别为7.10 mg/L、6.98 mg/L和6.66 mg/L,安全质量浓度为2.04 mg/L。随着浓度增加,鳃组织中的SOD酶活性表现为先升高后下降,具有明显的时间效应;肝组织中的SOD酶活性在0.5 mg/L和2.0 mg/L浓度组交替表现为升高和降低,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);而0.125 mg/L浓度组肝SOD没有明显变化。鳃组织中MDA含量在DBP暴露6 h后显著性增加(P<0.05),之后随时间延长而下降;DBP暴露6 h和12 h后,0.5 mg/L和2.0 mg/L浓度组肝组织中的MDA含量都显著升高(P<0.05),之后随时间延长MDA含量下降并趋于稳定。与对照组比较,DBP暴露48 h后,红鳍笛鲷脑组织中AChE酶活性显著升高(P<0.01),96 ... 相似文献
3.
本研究采用静水生物测试法测定了镉(Cd2+)对绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)幼鱼的急性毒性。根据预实验结果,设定8.19、9.18、10.30、11.56 mg/L共4个Cd2+浓度梯度进行急性毒性实验,根据急性毒性实验结果,设定1.84、2.76、3.68和4.60 mg/L 4个不同浓度Cd2+急性暴露实验,分别在6、12、24、48、72和96 h检测肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽抗氧化酶(GSH-PX)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察肝脏、鳃组织结构的变化。结果显示,随着Cd2+浓度的增加,急性毒性效应逐渐增强,24、48、72和96 h半致死浓度 (LC50)分别为11.47、10.82、9.84和9.19 mg/L,Cd2+对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼的96 h安全浓度为0.92 mg/L。6 h时,各浓度组SOD和CAT活性与对照组相比显著升高;6—48 h时,SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势;48—96 h时,各浓度组酶活性均呈下降趋势,且时间越长,浓度越大,活性越低。与对照组相比,MDA含量整体呈先降低后增加的趋势,12—48 h时,1.84和2.76 mg/L组MDA含量有波动,3.68、4.60 mg/L组MDA含量与时间和浓度成正比。24 h时,1.84 mg/L组肝脏组织未见明显变化,2.76、3.68和4.60 mg/L组肝脏组织开始受到明显损伤,表现为细胞体积增大且形状不规则,细胞膜边界模糊,1.84和2.76 mg/L组鳃组织相比无显著变化,3.68和4.60 mg/L组出现鳃小片弯曲,上皮细胞水肿膨大,相邻鳃小片相互黏连融合,无游离端,细胞坏死脱落等损伤现象。在安全浓度为0.92 mg/L内绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼可健康生长,SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性变化及MDA含量反映了绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼受损害程度,可作为安全性风险评价的参考依据。 相似文献
4.
采用控制分配气量的方法,定量地研究了臭氧暴露对草鱼鱼种鳃、肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和鳃、肝、肾组织Na+-K+-ATPase活性的影响,并且研究臭氧分解生成的氧气对草鱼相应组织酶活性的影响.结果表明,低剂量(0.14mg·L-1)臭氧处理,短时间内(6h)鳃和肝组织的SOD活性提高显著(P＜0.01),但随着处理时间的延长明显下降(P＜0.05);高剂量(0.27mg·L-1和0.45mg·L-1)臭氧处理SOD活性明显受抑制,并随时间的延长而增强.低剂量(0.14mg·L-1)臭氧处理,短时间(6h)内对鳃组织Na+-K+-ATPase的活性有显著性降低作用(P＜0.05),但对肝和肾组织Na+-K+-ATPase活性没有影响;高剂量(0.27mg·L-1和0.45 mg·L-1)和较长时间(72h)臭氧暴露对鳃、肝和肾组织Na+-K+-ATPase活性均有显著性抑制作用,且随着浓度的升高和时间的延长而抑制增强的趋势.鳃组织中Na+-K+-ATPase和SOD对臭氧显得更为敏感. 相似文献
5.
Pb~(2+)对建鲤幼鱼抗氧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解铅对建鲤幼鱼(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)的影响,将建鲤幼鱼暴露于不同水平(0、0.648、1.296、6.480 mg/L)的Pb2+水溶液中,于96 h分别测定建鲤幼鱼肝胰脏、肠、鳃、肌肉中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。结果表明:随着Pb2+浓度的升高,抗氧化酶活性升高,达到极值后下降。0.648 mg/L浓度组中,肝胰脏中抗氧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力均有较明显升高;肌肉中抗氧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力变化较小;在高浓度组(6.480 mg/L),肾中的三种抗氧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力仍在升高,而在其他组织中酶的活性有所降低。上述研究结果表明,与肠、鳃、肌肉、肾相比,肝胰脏中的抗氧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力敏感,是最先启用的主要解毒器官;在高浓度胁迫时,肝胰脏解毒能力下降,抗氧化防御作用的主要器官由肝胰脏转移到肾脏。 相似文献
6.
菲胁迫对红鳍笛鲷急、慢性毒性效应的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解海洋菲污染对海洋水产经济鱼类的毒性及致毒机理,在实验室条件下采用半静态毒性实验研究了菲对红鳍笛鲷的96 h急性毒性,同时分析和比较了不同浓度(10.0、50.0、250.0μg/L)菲胁迫96 h后红鳍笛鲷肝脏、鳃中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及脑组织中乙酰胆碱脂酶(AChE)活力的变化。结果表明,菲对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼的24、48和96 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为4.65、3.46和3.17 mg/L,安全浓度为0.317 mg/L。在整个胁迫过程中,低浓度(10.0μg/L)菲可诱导红鳍笛鲷肝脏和鳃组织SOD活力显著性升高(P<0.05);随着浓度升高,50.0和250.0μg/L浓度组肝脏SOD活力呈抑制-诱导的波动变化,鳃SOD活力的变化则呈抑制-诱导-抑制的趋势。随着菲曝露时间延长,各浓度组红鳍笛鲷肝脏和鳃组织的MDA含量明显升高;脑组织中AChE活力表现为先升高后降低的的趋势。结果提示,菲对红鳍笛鲷具有很强的毒性,可在96 h内通过氧化损伤途径对机体产生毒性作用,鉴于SOD、MDA、AChE指标对菲的高度敏感特点,可以用其作为生物标志物来指示多环芳烃类污染物对水生生物的... 相似文献
7.
氯化三丁基锡对黑鲷鳃和肝组织SOD、MDA和GPx的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
观察和比较了黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus在不同浓度的氯化三丁基锡(tri-n-butyltin chloride,TBTCl)溶液中暴露后,其鳃和肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GPx)活性的变化情况.结果表明,TBTCl对黑鲷鳃SOD活性有抑制作用,对肝脏SOD活性表现出促进作用;暴露TBTCl溶液中24 h后,黑鲷鳃和肝脏MDA含量均有升高,且随浓度变化与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),但暴露48 h后,2组织中MDA含量相对于对照组均降低.TBTCl对黑鲷鳃GPx活性的影响先是表现出显著性抑制,之后随时间延长呈显著的促进效应,肝脏则呈现随浓度增加GPx活性被显著性地促进的趋势.黑鲷体内鳃和肝脏组织中抗氧化酶系统对TBTCl的毒理学敏感性,表明其可以作为监测有机锡污染程度的效应指标. 相似文献
8.
铜对中华鲟幼鱼的急性毒性及对肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
采用静水生物测试法研究铜(Cu2+)对中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Gray)幼鱼的急性毒性并进行安全评价;根据预实验结果,设定0.005 mg/L、0.01 mg/L和0.015 mg/L 3个Cu2+浓度梯度进行急性暴露实验,以肝脏组织超氧化物歧化酶(SiOD)、过氧化氧酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽抗氧化酶(GSH-PX)活性为指标研究Cu2+污染对中华鲟幼鱼的毒理作用.结果表明,Cu2+浓度升高对中华鲟幼鱼产生了较大的毒性,24 h、48 h、72h和96h LC50分别为0.059 32mg/L、0.0340mg/L、0.028 3 mg/L和0.021 7 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.002 17 mg/L;不同浓度Cu2+暴露时,中华鲟幼鱼肝组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-PX的活性在暴露24 h时被显著抑制(P＜0.05),在处理48 h后酶活性逐渐恢复,随后又逐渐下降,其下降幅度与Cu2+质量浓度呈正相关(P＜0.05).研究认为,SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性变化可以反映中华鲟幼鱼受伤害的程度,并可用做中华鲟安全性风险评价的参考依据. 相似文献
9.
以福瑞鲤(Cyprinus carpio)为材料,研究不同浓度氨氮(0、10、20和30 mg/L)处理对幼鱼鳃组织中抗氧化系统和Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力的影响。结果显示,氨氮胁迫6 h诱导H_2O_2含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性迅速显著升高,并在胁迫24 h时达到最高水平。胁迫96 h后,各处理组H2O2含量、SOD活性和总抗氧化能力均低于对照组水平,MDA含量显著增加。氨氮胁迫后,Na~+/K~+-ATP酶基因转录水平和蛋白活性呈先降低后升高又降低的变化趋势,参与胁迫过程中渗透压的调控。研究结果表明,低浓度氨氮胁迫后,福瑞鲤鳃组织通过调节细胞抗氧化能力,提高Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活性,有效改善鱼体的抗氨氮胁迫能力,但是高浓度氨氮胁迫对鳃组织造成氧化损伤。 相似文献
10.
镉对草鱼鳃和肝组织超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在实验室条件下，把草鱼置于镉浓度分别为0．06mg／L、0．30mg/L、1．50mg/L水中，分别在处理后第1、4、7天取样测定其鳃和肝组织中SOD活性变化。结果表明：0．06mg/L镉浓度时，鳃组织SOD活性无显著变化，而0．3mg／L、1．50mg/L镉浓度时。鳃组织SOD显著降低；对于肝组织，第1天的0．06mg/L、0．30mg/L镉浓度组和第4天的0．06mg/L镉浓度组，SOD活性显著升高，而第7天0．30mg/L、1．50mg/L镉浓度时肝组织的SOD显著降低。提高水中的钙浓度，可使所有鳃组织SOD活性较软水组适当升高，同样在0．30mg/L镉浓度组的第7天和镉浓度为1．50mg/L组的肝组织SOD较软水组也适当升高。 相似文献
11.
Andrea Martini Ribeiro Wagner Ezequiel Risso Marisa Narciso Fernandes Claudia B. R. Martinez 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(3):645-657
The purpose of this work was to determine the tissue accumulation of lead (Pb) and its effects on osmoregulatory processes of the freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus. Juvenile fish were exposed to Pb (from 1.7 to 0.7 mg of dissolved Pb L?1) for 6, 24 and 96 h and Pb accumulation was analyzed in the gills, liver, kidneys, blood cells and muscle. The following parameters were also analyzed: hematologic (hemoglobin content, hematocrit and number of red blood cells), metabolic (blood glucose), endocrine (blood cortisol), osmo ionic (plasma osmolality and Na+, K+, Cl? and Ca+2 concentrations), gill enzymes (Na+/K+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase), chloride cell (CC) density and CC location in the gills. Pb accumulated in all the analyzed tissues, with the kidneys showing the highest concentration, followed by the gills and liver. The lowest Pb concentrations were found in blood cells and muscle. Pb promoted an increase in blood glucose after 6 and 24 h exposure. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase was inhibited after 24 h of exposure, but its activity was restored at 96 h, probably due to the increase in CC in gill lamellae. Plasma Na+ was reduced after 6 and 96 h, while K+ concentrations increased at all the experimental times. Fish exposed to Pb showed reduced plasma Ca+2 at all experimental periods. Hematologic parameters remained unchanged. Overall, this study demonstrated that Pb interferes in osmoregulatory processes of P. lineatus and the proliferation of CC in the gills is a response in order to reestablish adequate ion concentrations. 相似文献
12.
铅在草鱼体内的富集及其对组织结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)鱼种为受试对象,采用浸浴法在系列铅离子(Pb2+)质量浓度下暴露4 d,检测了草鱼鱼苗肝脏、鳃、肌肉、鳞片对Pb2+的累积作用及其对肝脏和鳃组织结构的影响。结果表明,草鱼鱼种各个器官对Pb2+的累积量随着浓度的升高和时间的延长而增多;草鱼的不同组织对Pb2+的累积量有较大的差异,24、48、72 h对铅累积作用由大到小为:鳃>内脏>鳞片>肌肉,96 h对铅累积作用由大到小为:内脏>鳃>鳞片>肌肉;铅暴露后的草鱼鱼苗肝细胞出现肿大,大小不一,核萎缩变形,并偏离中心,被挤至细胞边缘,细胞间隙明显增大,细胞排列混乱;鳃组织中鳃小片之间出现弯曲、融合现象,容易断裂,鳃小片的顶端充血,呈球状或棒状。暴露时间越长,铅对草鱼的肝脏和鳃组织结构损害程度越严重。 相似文献
13.
Amoebic gill disease (AGD) of cultured salmonids in Tasmania is caused by the amphizoic parasitic amoeba Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis. The freshwater tolerance of amoebae isolated from the gills of AGD-affected salmon (predominantly N. pemaquidensis) was tested in vitro using a trypan blue exclusion assay. Amoebae exposed to water containing high concentrations of Ca2+ or Mg2+ (200 mg l−1) showed high levels of survival up to 3 h of exposure. Exposure to water containing elevated Na+, choline chloride or water at different pH all had no significant survival of amoebae. Exposure of amoebae to different concentrations of chlorine dioxide, chloramine-T or hydrogen peroxide in artificially hard water demonstrated that chloramine-T and hydrogen peroxide were the most efficacious at killing amoebae in vitro. This work suggests that the hardness of freshwater may be an important factor for the survival of marine amoebae (predominantly N. pemaquidensis) on the gills of AGD-affected salmon and have significant implications with regard to the efficacy of freshwater bathing practices for the control of AGD on farms. Additionally, chloramine-T and hydrogen peroxide appear to be efficacious at killing marine gill amoebae in vitro and may be useful for the control of AGD in farmed Atlantic salmon. 相似文献
14.
采用实验生态学方法研究了不同质量浓度Hg~(2+)和Pb~(2+)胁迫对脆江蓠(Gracilaria chouae)生长及光合生理的影响。实验设置Hg~(2+)质量浓度为0.01 mg/L、0.025 mg/L、0.05 mg/L、0.1 mg/L、0.25 mg/L和0.5 mg/L,Pb~(2+)质量浓度为0.05 mg/L、0.1 mg/L、0.5 mg/L、1 mg/L、2 mg/L和4 mg/L,以未添加重金属的实验组为对照,持续培养7 d,分别测定不同处理藻体的生长速率、光合放氧速率、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光和光合碳代谢途径中关键酶活等生理生化指标。结果表明,在Hg~(2+)胁迫下,藻体特定生长率(SGR)显著下降(P0.05),质量浓度达到0.5 mg/L时藻体出现负增长;光合放氧速率降低35.48%~77.59%;叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量显著下降(P0.05),Hg~(2+)质量浓度高于0.1 mg/L时藻体藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05);最大光合效率(F_v/F_m)和实际光合效率(Y(Ⅱ))随着Hg~(2+)浓度增加先降低后升高,0.05 mg/L时出现第二个峰值,丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK)也出现相似趋势。藻体对Pb~(2+)的敏感程度低于Hg~(2+),Pb~(2+)质量浓度为0.5 mg/L时,光合产氧速率显著下降(P0.05),质量浓度到达1 mg/L时,藻体SGR和叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素出现显著下降(P0.05),而叶绿素荧光参数和藻蓝蛋白含量则无显著性差异;Pb~(2+)质量浓度达到4 mg/L时1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBiSCO)出现显著下降(P0.05),PPDK酶活性则显著上升(P0.05)。实验结果证实:重金属Hg~(2+)和Pb~(2+)胁迫对脆江蓠的生长和光合作用都有不利影响,藻体对Hg~(2+)胁迫的敏感度要高于Pb~(2+),Hg~(2+)质量浓度为0.01 mg/L时,藻体出现胁迫,并随着浓度的增加而加剧,Pb~(2+)质量浓度超过1 mg/L时,藻体胁迫明显。 相似文献
15.
Nuhman Usman Bambang Irawan Agoes Soegianto 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(4):547-556
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration. 相似文献
16.
Jossiele Leitemperger Charlene Menezes Adriana Santi Camila Murussi Thais Lópes Maiara Costa Lygia Sega Nogueira Vania Lucia Loro 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(3):1005-1014
Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by metals causes various biochemical changes in aquatic organisms, and fish are recognized as indicators of environmental quality. Silver catfish were exposed to six concentrations of zinc (Zn): 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mg/L for 96 h to determine the mean lethal concentration (LC50). The value obtained was 8.07 mg/L. In a second experiment, fish were exposed to concentrations of 1.0 or 5.0 mg/L Zn and a control for 96 h. Afterward, the tissues were collected for biochemical analysis. Lipid peroxidation, as indicated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), decreased in the liver and brain for all Zn concentrations tested, while in the gills TBARS levels increased at 1.0 mg/L and declined at 5.0 mg/L. Zn increased protein carbonyls in the muscle of silver catfish and decreased it in the other tissues. The enzyme superoxide dismutase increased in both exposed groups. However, catalase did not change. Glutathione S-transferase decreased in the liver and increased in the gills (1.0 mg/L), muscle (5.0 mg/L) and brain (1.0 and 5.0 mg/L). Nonprotein thiols changed only in brain and muscle tissue. Zn exposure inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain at both concentrations tested, but did not change it in muscle. Exposure to Zn inhibited the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in the gills and intestine at both concentrations tested. Our results demonstrate that Zn alters biochemical parameters in silver catfish and that some parameters such as AChE and Na+/K+-ATPase could be considered as early biomarkers of waterborne Zn toxicity. 相似文献
17.
Ability of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to attenuate oxidative damage was evaluated in liver and brain tissues of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) experimentally exposed to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF). O. niloticus was exposed to sublethal concentrations of CPF at 12?μg/L (CPF1) and 24?μg/L (CPF2) for 96?h. The fish of vitamin C (Vit C) and CPF2?+?Vit C groups were fed with Vit C supplemented diet (200?mg Vit C/100?g feed). A significant increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level (P?相似文献
18.
19.
Raico E Laria Lamela Yanis Cruz Quintana Raquel Silveira Coffigny Mercedes Martínez Norma González Herrate 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(12):1316-1321
Formalin is used in shrimp industry to eliminate ectoparasites and as a disinfectant. However, the effect of formalin on shrimp's defense mechanism is unknown. Several biomarkers were used to assess the immune response of juveniles of the shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti exposed to different concentrations of formalin (10, 25 and 50 mg L?1) during 24 and 48 h. Formalin concentrations of 25 and 50 mg L?1 produced a significant reduction in the total haemocyte count at both 24 and 48 h. Peroxidase and phenoloxidase activity did not show variations. The total protein concentration in haemolymph of shrimps was not significantly different between experimental groups. Histological analysis showed hyperplasia in the gills of animals exposed at 10 mg L?1 for 24 h; however, the exposure at 25 and 50 mg L?1 caused necrosis in gills, hepathopancreas and the antennal gland. 相似文献