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《中国饲料》2014,(2)
为研究β-甘露聚糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响,本试验选择72头体重为(7.12±0.32)kg"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组饲喂基础日粮+0.4%β-甘露聚糖酶,试验2组饲喂基础日粮+250 mg/kg 4%黄霉素。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验1组能显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重3.52%(P0.05),显著降低饲料增重比10.4%(P0.05),各生长性能指标与试验2组无显著差异;与试验2组相比,试验1组断奶仔猪猪瘟抗体阻断率显著提高(P0.05)。由此可见,日粮添加β-甘露聚糖酶有利于改善仔猪免疫功能,提高生长性能。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2014,(7):80-82
为了研究不同复合木聚糖酶和β-甘露聚糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响,选择72头体重(6.75±0.26)kg"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮(CT),试验1组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%复合酶1(E1),试验2组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%复合酶2(E2)。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验1组能显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05),试验2组能显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05)、降低料肉比(P<0.05);试验1组能显著提高断奶仔猪血清总蛋白、白蛋白浓度(P<0.05),降低血清尿素氮浓度(P<0.05);试验2组能显著提高断奶仔猪血清总蛋白(P<0.01)、白蛋白浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05),降低血清尿素氮浓度(P<0.05)。说明日粮中添加酶制剂可以调节血清中蛋白质代谢相关指标,提高断奶仔猪的生长性能。 相似文献
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超微粉碎中草药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究在断奶仔猪日粮中添加0.5%的超微粉碎中草药饲料添加剂时断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响.试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选取平均体重为(9.50±0.63)kg的28日龄断奶的健康仔猪54头,随机分为3个处理组,每个处理组中包含3个重复,即每个处理有18头断奶仔猪,每个重复6头,公母各半,经统计分析,各处理间体重差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验设1个对照组和2个试验组,具体处理如下:对照组饲喂基础日粮(不舍有抗生素等药物).试验I组为基础日粮0.02%黏杆菌素,试验Ⅱ组为基础日粮0.5%超微粉碎中草药饲料添加剂.饲养期30 d.结果表明,试验Ⅱ组的平均日采食量和日增重均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),而试验Ⅱ组的料肉比和腹泻率均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),并且试验Ⅱ组的饲喂效果要优于试验I组.因此,在该试验条件下,用超微粉碎中草药饲料添加剂替代抗生素添加到断奶仔猪日粮中,能够保证断奶仔猪的健康生长. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同大豆源蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和养分消化率的影响。试验1选取(21±1)d杜×长×大断奶仔猪500头,采用完全随机设计分为5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头,各组分别饲喂两种大豆浓缩蛋白和三种豆粕源日粮;试验2选择(21±1)d杜×长×大断奶仔猪300头,采用完全随机设计分为3个组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头,各组分别饲喂三种豆粕源日粮,试验时间为21~57 d。结果显示:仔猪饲喂大豆浓缩蛋白日粮与豆粕型日粮对生长性能无显著影响(P0.05),但大豆浓缩蛋白日粮显著降低了仔猪的腹泻率(P0.05)。美国源豆粕较巴西和阿根廷源豆粕显著提高了平均日增重和饲料报酬(P0.05)。大豆浓缩蛋白日粮较豆粕型日粮显著提高了仔猪粗蛋白质的表观消化率(P0.05)。美国和巴西源豆粕较阿根廷源豆粕显著降低了仔猪腹泻率(P0.05)。结果表明:日粮中用等量的大豆浓缩蛋白替代豆粕对断奶仔猪的生长性能无显著影响,但可以提高粗蛋白质的表观消化率和降低仔猪腹泻率。在本试验条件下,美国豆粕较巴西和阿根廷豆粕提高了仔猪的生长性能,降低了仔猪腹泻率。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加面包粉对哺乳母猪繁殖性能及断奶仔猪、保育仔猪和生长肥育猪生长性能的影响。试验1：选取体重接近、健康状况良好的待产前1周的“长×大”二元杂交母猪50头，随机分为2组，每组25个重复，每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂哺乳母猪饲粮，试验组饲喂用12%的面包粉代替对照组饲粮中部分玉米和豆油的饲粮，饲养试验至仔猪断奶后结束。试验2：选取体重[（7.00±0.71） kg]相近的351头“杜×长×大”断奶仔猪，随机分为3组，每组9个重复，每个重复13头仔猪。对照组饲喂断奶仔猪饲粮，试验组分别饲喂用10%和20%面包粉代替对照组饲粮中部分玉米、豆粕和豆油的饲粮，饲养试验持续10 d。试验3：选取体重[（13.43±0.87） kg]相近的72头“杜×长×大”保育仔猪，随机分为3组，每组4个重复，每个重复6头仔猪。对照组饲喂保育仔猪饲粮，试验组分别饲喂用6%和12%面包粉代替对照组饲粮中部分玉米、豆粕和豆油的饲粮，饲养试验持续30 d。试验4：选取体重[（32.60±0.78） kg]接近的252头“杜×长×大”生长肥育猪，随机分为3组，每组44个重复，每4个重复21头猪。对照组饲... 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨复方中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及免疫指标的影响.选取96头28日龄、体重相近、健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪.试验1组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮,试验2组、3组、4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.2、0.4、0.6 g/kg复方中草药添加剂.预... 相似文献
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酵母提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验考察了酵母提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响.试验选用21日龄断奶仔猪80头,随机分为对照组和试验组两个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复1栏,每栏10头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中额外添加0.5%啤酒酵母提取物,饲喂期28 d.结果显示,日粮中额外添加酵母提取物试验组显著提高了断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05),同时平均日采食量(ADFI)有明显的提高趋势.与对照组相比,添加酵母提取物试验组ADG和ADFI分别提高11.98%和5.85%,同时仔猪腹泻率降低了40.10%,仔猪料肉比(F/G)降低5.40%.试验结果表明,饲粮中额外添加0.5%酵母提取物能够增加断奶仔猪采食量,提高生长性能. 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
20.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献