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1.
为了探讨不同饲喂频率对梅花鹿瘤胃消化代谢的影响 ,本试验选用4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,采用3种饲喂频率 ,按4×3拉丁方试验设计 ,对瘤胃内 pH值、氨态氮(NH3-N)和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了它们的动态变化规率以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明 ,增加饲喂次数 ,可以极显著地提高梅花鹿对粗饲料的采食量和瘤胃内pH值(P<0.01)。不同饲喂次数 ,对瘤胃内NH3-N浓度、TVFA浓度没有显著的影响(P>0.05)。瘤胃内主要代谢参数均随进食而呈现一定的动态变化规率。 相似文献
2.
选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,对于同一种精料补充料 ,以传统的饲喂方式为对照 ,采用精料熟化的饲喂方法进行试验。对瘤胃内 pH值、氨态氮 (NH3 N)、三氯醋酸沉淀蛋白 (TCA P)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了它们的动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明 ,精料熟化对玉米青贮食量及TCA P浓度有极显著影响 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;对瘤胃内 pH值、NH3 N浓度、TVFA浓度影响不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。试验结果还指出 ,精料熟化对瘤胃内乙酸 /丙酸值有显著影响 ,从而影响瘤胃的发酵类型 相似文献
3.
选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,用 3种含有不同能量浓度的精料补充料日粮 ,按 4× 3拉丁方试验设计 ,对瘤胃内 pH值、氨态氮 (NH3 N)、三氯醋酸沉淀蛋白 (TCA P)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了其动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明 ,日粮能量浓度对瘤胃内 pH值、NH3 N浓度、TVFA浓度没有显著的影响(P >0 0 5) ;而对玉米青贮采食量及TCA P浓度影响显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ,随着日粮能量浓度的提高 ,瘤胃内TCA P浓度也极显著的提高 (P <0 0 1 )。试验结果还指出 ,瘤胃内主要代谢参数均受进食的显著影响 ,在采食前后不同时间点均呈现一定的动态变化规律 相似文献
4.
选用4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿，采用4种粗饲料，按4×4拉丁方试验设计，进行了饲养试验。采集瘤胃液并对pH值、氨态氮（NH3－N）、三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白（TCA－P）、粗蛋白质（CP）和总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度进行了测定，并研究了它们的动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明，瘤胃内pH值。TCA－P浓度均随粗饲料种类的不同而存在显著的差异（P＜0．01）；瘤胃内NH3－N、CP及TVFA浓度均不因该四种粗饲料种类不同而受影响（P＞0．05）；各试验组的瘤胃发酵类型基本相同。 相似文献
5.
日粮蛋白质水平对梅花鹿瘤胃内pH值、NH_3-N和VFA浓度的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
选用4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿,用4种含有不同蛋白质水平的日粮,按4×4拉丁方试验设计,对瘤胃内pH值、氨态氮(NH_3—N)和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度进行了测定,并研究了它们的动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明,在饲根精粗比为30:70条件下,日粮蛋白质水平对瘤胃内pH值影响较小(P>0.05);对NH_3—N浓度影响较大(P<0.05),随着日粮蛋白质水平的提高,瘤胃内NH_3—N浓度也随之升高;对TVFA浓度也有一定的影响,但各日粮间差异不显著(P>0.05)。通过VFA的组分分析发现,各日粮组间C_2/C_3比值基本接近,即它们的发酵类型基本相同。 相似文献
6.
选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,用 3种含有不同蛋白质水平的精料补充日粮 ,按 4× 3拉丁方试验设计 ,对瘤胃的 pH值、氨态氮 (NH3-N)、三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白(TCA -P)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了它们的动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率 相似文献
7.
玉米的不同加工处理对绵羊瘤胃内pH值、NH3-N和VFA浓度的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
选用 4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊 ,饲喂 4种含有不同加工处理玉米的日粮 ,在精粗比为 30∶70 ,饲养水平为 1.3MJ日粮条件下采用 4× 4拉丁方试验设计 ,对瘤胃pH值、NH3 -N和VFA浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了它们的动态变化规律。实验结果表明 :各处理组对瘤胃内 pH值影响较小 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;不同处理组与对照组比都有降低瘤胃NH3 -N浓度的趋势 ,但差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;对VFA浓度也有一定影响 ,但各组间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。各处理组间乙酸 /丙酸基本接近 ,均属丙酸 /乙酸发酵类型 相似文献
8.
采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,进行3期瘘管奶牛体外发酵试验,分别饲喂(基础日粮)Ⅰ组、(基础日粮+200 mg大豆黄酮/d)Ⅱ组、(基础日粮+200 mg染料木素/d)Ⅲ组,于采食后0、2、4、6、8 h采集瘤胃液进行pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)分析,旨在探讨大豆异黄酮类植物雌激素对奶牛瘤胃发酵参数的影响,为其在奶牛生产中的广泛应用及新型饲料添加剂产品的开发提供参考和理论依据。结果表明:二者对瘤胃各时间点pH无显著影响(P>0.05);各组瘤胃液NH3-N浓度的时间动态变化趋势相似,饲喂后0、2、6、8 h NH3-N浓度均差异不显著(P>0.05),但在饲喂后4 h,染料木素组瘤胃液NH3-N浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);瘤胃液中丙酸浓度各处理组间在相同的时间点比较差异不显著(P>0.05),乙酸浓度和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度在发酵后4～6 h染料木素组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。表明大豆黄酮对奶牛瘤胃发酵未产生影响,染料木素对瘤胃NH3-N、乙酸和TVFA有影响。 相似文献
9.
为了研究复合营养舔砖对瘤胃酶活性及消化代谢的影响,选用4头装有永久瘤胃瘘管的公牛(丹麦红牛公与闽南黄牛母的杂种一代),采用反转试验设计,对瘤胃内pH值、氨态氮(NH3-N)和瘤胃液中纤维素酶、蛋白水解酶的活性进行测定。研究表明:(1)饲喂舔砖后,瘤胃液pH值在短时间内下降,随后又缓慢升高。pH值波动幅度较大,这与复合营养舔砖的蛋白降解率较高有关。(2)舔砖对瘤胃内NH3-N浓度有较大影响,舔砖的粗蛋白含量高达38.7%,产生的NH3-N浓度比对照组高且差异显著。(3)舔砖对瘤胃液蛋白水解酶和纤维素酶的活性没有显著影响,这表明每头饲喂500g/d舔砖对牛的消化代谢功能不会产生不良影响。 相似文献
10.
热应激对奶山羊瘤胃发酵指标的影响及有机铬对其的调控作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在研究热应激对奶山羊瘤胃内pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度的影响,以及添加吡啶羧酸铬对其的调控作用。选用体重相近[(20.75±1.88)kg]的波尔山羊4只,采用自身对照,分3期试验,分别为对照组、热应激组和加铬组:对照组山羊在空调房中饲喂,温湿指数(THI)在70以下,处于非热应激状态;热应激组和加铬组山羊在室温动物房中饲喂,2组THI无显著差异(P>0.05),达79以上,处在相似的热应激状态。加铬组饲粮为基础饲粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬(铬含量为0.2 mg/kg饲粮)。每期试验14 d,在试验的第13天采集瘤胃液,测定pH、NH3-N和VFA浓度。结果表明:热应激可以显著降低奶山羊瘤胃内pH(P<0.05),显著提高瘤胃内NH3-N、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸浓度(P<0.05),显著降低乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬后可以显著提高热应激奶山羊瘤胃乙酸、丁酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05),显著降低瘤胃丙酸浓度(P<0.05),对瘤胃pH、NH3-N浓度影响不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,热应激使瘤胃pH显著降低,显著增加了VFA浓度,改变了瘤胃发酵模式;饲粮添加吡啶羧酸铬可调节瘤胃VFA浓度,对热应激造成的影响有一定的调节作用。 相似文献
11.
K Jensen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1975,16(2):258-268
The effect of feeding level and interval between feedings on the fermentation pattern in the bovine rumen have been investigated in experiments with hay. The animals were completely adapted heifers fitted with rumen cannulas, and the parameters measured were ammonia, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and non-glucogenic/glucogenic ratio (NGGR) in the VFA mixture.Increasing feeding levels, ranging from 2/3 to 4/3 of maintenance level, resulted in higher average concentrations of VFA and lower pH in the rumen fluid. Further the highest level of intake caused a considerable diurnal variation in the pH and the concentration of total VFA, and increased the variation in the molar composition of the VFA mixture.Three feeding intervals ranging from 8 to 16 hrs., with hay administered at maintenance level, caused no changes in the fermentation pattern.Typical variations in the concentrations of ammonia and valeric acid as related to time after feeding were demonstrated, but the concentrations of the branched-chain fatty acids in the rumen fluid were found to be quite constant.It may be concluded that a representative mean value of the parameters measured, except for ammonia and valeric acid, may be based on relatively few samples when feed intake does not exceed maintenance level, whereas sampling every hour is required at higher feeding levels. 相似文献
12.
瘤胃持续模拟装置测定低质粗饲料发酵规律的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用瘤胃模拟技术研究不同喂料方式及不同粗饲料对发酵罐内ｐＨ值，氨氮（ＮＨ３－Ｎ）浓度，总氮（ＴＮ）浓度及挥发性脂肪酸（ＶＦＡ）的影响。选用２５ｇ喂料量，分别以稻草，羊草和麦秸为被测日粮，比较５２μｍ尼龙袋法，散放法和２５０μｍ尼龙袋法３种喂料方式对发酵罐内粗饲料发酵规律的影响。结果ｐＨ值散放法最高，２４小时为７．２８～７．５０，２５０μｍ尼龙袋法最低，为７．０５～７．１５。２４小时ＶＦＡ浓度是散放法最低，分别为稻草组２８．０９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，羊草组３０．０４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，麦秸组２７．０１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２５０μｍ尼龙袋法最高，分别为稻草组３１．０６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，羊草组３２．２７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，麦秸组３０．００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。结果表明３种喂料方式中２５０μｍ尼龙袋法效果最佳，３种低质粗饲料中羊草营养价值最高。 相似文献
13.
Masahito SUGIMOTO Masayo KANAMOTO Takuya CHIBA Hisashi HIDARI Katsuya KIDA Waka SAITO Motoki OOI Yukinobu SATO Toshiro SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(4):443-452
Six Japanese Black (Wagyu) steers (average initial weight 467 ± 45 kg) fitted with a ruminal cannula were used in a split‐plot design experiment comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole‐plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole‐plot treatments were three different feeding levels of urea‐treated potato pulp (PP) silage‐based concentrate: 1.00%, 1.75% and 2.50% of body weight (BW) (on a dry matter (DM) basis). The subplot treatments consisted of the concentrate formulated to contain either soybean meal (SBM) as a rapidly rumen‐degraded protein source or corn gluten meal (CGM) as a slowly degraded protein source. Dry matter intake tended to be lower (P = 0.071) for CGM (8.9 kg/day) than for SBM (9.4 kg/day). Protein sources had no significant effect on digestibility and in situ degradation. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) was lower (P = 0.033) for CGM (7.5 mg/dL) than for SBM (9.5 mg/dL). Protein sources did not affect ruminal pH and the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations. The molar proportions of ruminal acetate and valerate were higher (P = 0.032) for CGM than for SBM. The maximum daily intake of the PP silage‐based concentrate expressed as a percentage of BW was approximately 1.4% of BW. Dry matter intake was higher (P = 0.046) for steers fed at 1.0% of BW of the PP silage‐based concentrate than for steers fed at 1.75% or 2.5% of BW of the concentrate. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate had no effect on DM and nutrients digestibility, except for crude protein (CP) digestibility. CP digestibility tended to be lower (P = 0.071) for steers fed at 1.75% of BW of the PP silage‐based concentrate than for steers fed at 1.0% or 2.5% of BW of the concentrate. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate also did not affect the in situ degradation parameter of hay and PP silage. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate did not affect ruminal pH, NH3‐N and total VFA concentrations. The molar proportion of acetate was highest for steers fed at 1.0% of BW of the concentrate. In conclusion, in the urea‐treated PP silage‐based concentrate, CGM seems to be more effective than SBM for stabilizing the ruminal NH3‐N concentration and to be advantageous for fiber digestion in the rumen. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate did not change the amount of VFA production in the rumen and the DM digestibility. 相似文献
14.
[目的]针对黑龙江省肉牛养殖中羊草、玉米秸秆、玉米青贮和玉米秸秆微贮4种常用粗饲料的营养成分特性和饲喂特点,研究其对瘤胃内的PH值和NH3-N、VFA浓度的动态变化规律,进一步为我国北方寒区肉牛养殖中的粗饲料的合理搭配与利用提供一定的理论基础。[方法]选择4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔肉用公牛,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,日粮精粗比为30∶70。[结果]各试验组pH值均在5.5～7.52的正常范围内,各组在同一时间点pH值差异不显著(P0.05);NH3-N浓度从本试验从平均值来看,青贮组、微贮组和羊草组均低于秸秆组,分别低27%、5%和4.12%,表明三组饲料能氮释放更加合理,其中青贮组和羊草组NH3-N平均值最低,表明在肉牛饲养中青贮和羊草是较好的粗饲料来源;本试验中青贮组和羊草组的TVFA含量同样最高,为78.64 mmol/L、79.68mmol/L,分别比秸秆组高6.75mmol/L和7.79mmol/L,表明饲喂青贮和羊草能为反刍动物提供更多能量,尤其是丙酸含量的提高有利于反刍动物体内脂肪的蓄积。[结论]饲喂青贮和羊草有利于肉牛育肥,玉米秸秆微贮可以作为补充粗饲料来源。 相似文献
15.
Feed utilization of beef steers fed grass as hay or silage with or without nitrogen supplementation.
Six Hereford steers averaging 256 kg were used in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement within a 6 x 6 Latin square design to study the effect of forage conservation (silage vs hay) and N supplementation (0, 200 g of fish meal plus 43 g of urea, or 400 g of fish meal) on ruminal characteristics, digestibility, blood urea, and in situ degradability of DM, N, and ADF. Dry matter intake of forage and total DMI did not differ among treatments (P greater than .05) and averaged 5.3 and 5.5 kg, respectively. Steers fed silage had greater (P less than .05) pH and concentrations of ammonia N, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate in the rumen than in the rumen of those fed hay. Nitrogen supplementation increased (P less than .05) concentrations of total VFA and valerate in the rumen. Digestibility of N and ADF was greater (P less than .05) for silage than for hay, and N supplementation increased digestibility of N. Plasma urea concentrations were greater (P less than .05) for steers fed silage than for those fed hay. These data suggest that feed utilization is better with silage than with hay and is increased by N supplementation. 相似文献
16.
以8只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠近端T型瘘管的徐淮白山羊为试验动物,分为2组,分别饲喂青贮玉米和混合干草,研究山羊瘤胃和十二指肠内环境的昼夜动态变化。结果表明:①混合干草组瘤胃和十二指肠的pH值均极显著(P<0.01)高于青贮玉米组,其日内动态变化都表现出采食后先下降后上升的趋势;②混合干草组瘤胃液氨态氮浓度极显著(P<0.01)高于青贮玉米组,而十二指肠食糜的氨态氮浓度极显著(P<0.01)低于青贮玉米组;③混合干草组瘤胃乙酸浓度显著(P<0.05)高于青贮玉米组,丙酸浓度差异不显著(P>0.05),青贮玉米组丁酸浓度极显著(P<0.01)高于混合干草组;十二指肠液乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度青贮玉米组均极显著(P<0.01)高于混合干草组。 相似文献
17.
The effects of ruminal ammonia concentration on bacterial numbers, fermentation pattern and degradation of feed ingredients in the rumen were examined with three nonlactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. Cows were fed twice daily a complete mixed diet (90% whole plant oat silage and 10% concentrate mixture) containing 11.1% CP on a DM basis. Ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) was infused continuously into the rumen at levels of 0, 95, 190 or 280 g/d. Infusion of NH4HCO3 linearly increased (P less than .05) the concentrations of ruminal ammonia and blood urea N. Total VFA concentrations and mixed bacterial numbers also were increased (P less than .05) by NH4HCO3 infusion. Infusions of NH4HCO3 increased (P less than .05) butyrate and decreased (P less than .05) isobutyrate and isovalerate proportions. Infusion of NH4HCO3 increased (P less than .05) rate of degradation of soybean meal DM but did not (P greater than .05) influence degradation characteristics of fish meal and barley grain. In conclusion, supplementation of N by continuous infusion of NH4HCO3 appeared to stimulate bacterial growth and fermentation but it did not influence extent of ruminal degradation of selected feed ingredients. 相似文献