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肥育猪饲粮中添加维生素E对猪肉品质的影响 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
本试验选择平均初始体重为 5 8 87± 0 .60kg的杜长大杂交猪 3 2头 ,将所有试猪随机分为 4组 ,平均每组 8头 ,分别饲喂饲粮A(对照组 )、饲粮B(添加维生素E 1 0 0mg/kg)、饲粮C(添加维生素E2 0 0mg/kg)、饲粮D(添加维生素E 3 0 0mg/kg) ,进行为期 3 5天的饲养试验 ,然后每个处理随机选择 6头试猪屠宰 ,测定其肉品质指标。结果表明 ,添加维生素E的处理 ,其肉色色值好于对照组A ,在 4℃条件下贮存 2 4h ,猪肉的褪色率明显低于对照组 ,pH与对照组相比 ,差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;添加维生素E(2 0 0和 3 0 0mg/kg)提高了猪肉的系水力 ;猪肉保质期明显延长。 相似文献
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35～60kg生长猪可消化氨基酸需要量研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选用大白×长白杂种猪 6 0头 ,试验采用单因子试验设计 ,随机分为 5个处理 ,每个处理 4个重复 (圈 ) ,每个重复3头猪。 5个处理饲粮DLys水平分别为 0 .33%、0 .46 %、0 .5 8%、0 .71%和 0 .83% ,相应的CP分别为 8.6 1%、11.33%、14.0 6 %、16 .6 7%、19.2 9%。饲粮等能 (13.6 4MJDE/kg) ,等氨基酸模式 ,其氨基酸模式DLys:D -SAA :DThr:DTrp为 10 0 6 0 6 1 18。试猪始重 35 .2± 3.5 8kg ,末重 5 9.5 7± 6 .37kg。试验除考察生产性能外 ,还同时测定了氨基酸的回肠表观消化率。结果表明 :生长猪的ADG(Y1)、饲料转化率 (Y2 )均随饲粮DLys水平 (X)的增加呈显著的二次曲线变化。当DLys水平分别为 0 .6 4%和 0 .6 6 %时 ,ADG和饲料转化率分别达到极大值 (76 2 .32g)、极高值 (2 .85 )。由此可推算 ,35～6 0kg生长猪达最佳生产性能的DLys、D -SAA、DThr、DTrp和CP需要量分别为 0 .6 5 %、0 .39%、0 .40 %、0 .12 %、15 .43% ,饲粮DLys/DE之比为 0 .48g/MJ。 相似文献
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甘露寡糖和粪链球菌对鸡细胞免疫和肠道微生态的调节作用 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
报道了日粮中添加甘露寡糖 ( MOS)、粪链球菌 ( SF- 6 8)对鸡细胞免疫和肠道微生态的调节作用 ,以及对血液 SOD和 GSH- Px活力的影响。6 0只 1日龄海兰褐色蛋鸡雄性雏鸡随机分成 4组 :试验 组 (每千克日粮中添加 2 g MOS)、试验 组 (每千克日粮中添加 6 0 mg SF- 6 8)、试验 组 (每千克日粮中添加 2 g MOS和6 0 mg SF- 6 8)和对照组。试验期 4 2 d。结果如下 :( 1) PHA淋巴细胞转化率 ( %) ,试验 组 ( 47.1± 3.0 71)、试验 组 ( 46 .7± 1.76 7)、试验 组 ( 48.3± 2 .312 )都极显著高于对照组 ( 43.8± 1.814 ) ( P <0 .0 1) ;( 2 )白细胞的吞噬率 ( %) ,试验 组 ( 2 5.3± 1.94 7)、试验 组 ( 2 5.3± 2 .54 1)都显著高于对照组 ( 2 3.6± 1.6 47) ,试验 组 ( 2 7.2± 1.889)极显著高于对照组 ( P <0 .0 1) ,同时显著高于试验 、 组 ( P <0 .0 5) ;( 3)盲肠和回肠内容物的 p H值 ,试验 组 ( 6 .2 53± 0 .2 94 ,5.2 58± 0 .4 53)、试验 组 ( 6 .0 2 1± 0 .4 18,5.132± 0 .37)、试验 组 ( 6 .12 4± 0 .2 4 1,5.0 11± 0 .111)都极显著低于对照组 ( 6 .6 6 7± 0 .2 12 ,6 .0 8± 0 .4 12 ) ( P <0 .0 1) ;( 4)每克盲肠内容物大肠杆菌数 (亿 ) ,试验 组 ( 9.16 4± 0 .16 7)显著低于对 相似文献
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猪脾转移因子对小鼠吞噬细胞吞噬功能的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
成年健康小鼠分别口服或注射不同剂量的转移因子 ( Transfer factor,TF) ,第 8d检测小鼠外周血中性粒细胞对葡萄球菌的吞噬率 ,第 1 1 d检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬率。结果表明 ,注射 TF的 、 、 组小鼠中性粒细胞吞噬率分别为( 38.5 6± 3.82 0 ,( 4 4.6 4± 2 .48) ,( 5 1 .0 7±3.84) ,而对照组的相应值为 ( 2 9.81± 2 .5 3) ;注射 TF的 、 、 组小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬率分别为 ( 5 8.0 4± 2 .1 9) ,( 6 7.8± 3.38) ,( 75 .82± 1 .73) ,对照组为 ( 4 6 .1 6± 1 .6 7) ;口服 TF的 、 、 组小鼠中性粒细胞吞噬率分别为 ( 4 0 .6 4± 4.85 ) ,( 5 3.45±5 .39) ,( 5 1 .0 7± 3.84) ,对照组为 ( 2 9.81±2 .5 3) ;口服 TF的 、 、 组小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬率分别为 ( 5 7.71± 2 .80 ) ,( 6 7.8±3.38) ,( 80 .39± 2 .30 ) ,对照组为 ( 4 6 .1 6±2 .6 8)。注射、口服 TF组小鼠脾脏重量与对照组比较 ,无明显差异 ( P >0 .0 5 ) 相似文献
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圈养大熊猫主食竹的氨基酸分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
拟通过对大熊猫主食竹中氨基酸含量及其相互间比例的分析,为圈养大熊猫的饲料配方中平衡氨基酸提供理论参考依据。采集了大熊猫喜食的3个产地4种竹叶和竹杆样品各1 7个,共34个样品,并测定了其中1 7种氨基酸的含量。结果表明,竹样品中谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高,其中竹叶中为1 .37%±0 .1 8% ,竹杆中为0 .2 8%±0 .0 6% ;其次为天冬氨酸(Asp)、亮氨酸(Leu)、丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)、赖氨酸(Lys)、脯氨酸(Pro)、甘氨酸(Gly)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、精氨酸(Arg) ;半胱氨酸(Cys)含量最低,竹叶中为0 .0 7%±0 .0 4% ,竹杆中为0 .0 4%±0 .0 5 %。竹叶中除Cys含量显著(P <0 .0 5 )高于竹杆外,其余所有氨基酸含量都极显著(P <0 .0 1 )高于竹杆。竹叶中总非必需氨基酸(NEAA)的平均含量为6.2 8%±0 .79% ,竹杆中为4.32 %±2 .5 8% ;竹叶总必需氨基酸(EAA)平均含量为4.66%±0 .5 9% ,竹杆中为3.2 0 %±1 .98%。竹叶和竹杆中NEAA/EAA平均比值分别为1 .35±0 .0 8和1 .2 2±0 .47。 相似文献
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日粮蛋白质、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸及苏氯酸水平对早期断奶仔猪免疫机能的影响 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
本研究分两次试验进行 ,试验 1研究两个蛋白质水平 ( 1 8% ,2 0 % )及三个赖氨酸水平 ( 1 .0 % ,1 .3%和 1 .6 % )对机体免疫机能的影响 ;试验 2研究两个蛋氨酸水平 ( 0 .2 9% ,0 .39% )和三个苏氨酸水平( 0 .6 0 % ,0 .6 8%和 0 .76 % )对机体免疫机能的影响。试验日粮均为简单型日粮 ,试验动物为早期断奶仔猪 ,其日龄体重分别为 2 5± 3日、6 .78± 0 .0 8kg与 2 6± 1日龄、6 .6 8± 0 .0 4kg。测定不同蛋白质和氨基酸水平下 ,免疫器官重量、淋巴细胞数量及组成、血液IgG效价、注射PHA皮褶厚度变化及SRBC(绵羊红细胞 )免疫后抗体效价。结果表明 ,日粮不同蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对血清IgG效价无影响 ,在皮褶厚度的变化的影响上 ,两者交互作用极显著 (P <0 .0 1 )。苏氨酸及蛋氨酸的不同水平显著影响血液中IgG效价及抗SRBC抗体效价 (P <0 .0 5) ,机体免疫机能最佳时适宜的蛋白质、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸及苏氨酸水平分别为 1 8% ,1 .3% ,0 .39%及 0 .6 8%。 相似文献
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不同剂型儿茶素在家兔体内的代谢动力学 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
取健康家兔 10只 ,随机分为 2组 ,单剂量静脉注射游离儿茶素 (Catechin)和儿茶素脂质体 (Catechin L iposom e) 2 5mg/ kg。用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中儿茶素原药质量浓度。房室模型分析表明 ,健康家兔静脉注射游离儿茶素的药时数据符合无吸收二室开放模型 [5～ 6 ] ,主要动力学参数为 :t1 /2α0 .15± 0 .0 1h,t1 /2β0 .5 8± 0 .0 2 h,维生素 C 1.4 1± 0 .0 8L ,维生素 B 2 .97± 0 .11L,Cl B3.5 3± 0 .10 L/ h,AUC16 .95± 1.5 2 L· h,K1 0 2 .5 2± 0 .2 0 h,K2 1 2 .2 5± 0 .15 h,K1 2 1.17± 0 .15 h。健康家兔静脉注射儿茶素脂质体的药时数据亦符合无吸收二室开放模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为 :t1 /2α 0 .18± 0 .0 1h,t1 /2β1.5 2± 0 .0 8h,维生素 C 1.2 5± 0 .10 L ,维生素 B 4 .4 8± 0 .2 4 1,Cl B2 .0 5± 0 .0 7L / h,AUC 2 9.2 0± 1.0 0 L· h,K1 0 1.6 4± 0 .16 h,K2 1 1.0 87±0 .0 6 h,K1 2 1.6 1± 0 .19h。试验结果表明 :儿茶素经脂质体包封后 ,药物动力学及组织分布均发生了明显的改变。 相似文献
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试验选用初始体重为 12 .9kg± 2 .6kg杜×长仔猪 72头 ,随机分配到 18个圈栏 ,每栏 2头母猪和 2头去势公猪。试验饲粮针对不同蛋白饲料原料设计为 3个处理 ,每个处理设 6个重复。 3个处理饲粮的蛋白饲料类型分别为 10 0 %豆粕、2 5 %豌豆和 75 %豆粕、5 0 %豌豆和 5 0 %豆粕。试验依猪体重分 2 0～ 35kg、35～ 6 0kg和 6 0～ 90kg 3个饲养阶段 ,分别检测试验猪各阶段的平均日增重 (ADG)、平均日采食量 (ADFI)和饲料转化率。试验结果表明 ,试验猪在体重 2 0～ 90kg的全程生长肥育期 ,饲料转化率 (P >0 .0 5 )处理之间无显著差异 ,但ADG (P <0 .0 5 )和ADFI (P <0 .0 5 )差异显著。 10 0 %豆粕、2 5 %豌豆和 5 0 %豌豆等各处理的ADG和ADFI分别为 90 7g和 2 .6 5kg、85 8g和 2 .4 5kg ,以及 84 9g和 2 .4 5kg。 相似文献
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本试验研究舍饲条件下 ,同一营养水平 (1.2倍维持需要 )、不同光照处理对绒山羊生产性能的影响。试验选用 12只 1.5岁体重和产绒性能相近的内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊 ,随机分成 3组 ,每组 4个重复 ,分别为自然光照组(NL)、长光照组 (LL ,16h)和短光照组 (SL ,8h)。结果表明 :NL、LL和SL的产绒量分别为 5 17± 4 6 .32 (g)、4 92± 6 5 .4 8(g)和 6 0 7± 2 3.34(g) ;绒纤维长度分别为 7.5 2± 0 .4 8(cm)、7.2 9± 0 .33(cm)和 8.95± 0 .2 3(cm) ;绒纤维直径分别为13.38± 0 .5 6 (μm)、14 .5 0± 0 .2 0 (μm)和 15 .70± 0 .2 4 (μm)。短光照可以显著提高产绒量、绒纤维长度和直径增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;绒毛强度、伸度和粗毛长度无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,自然光照组与短光照组绒山羊体重无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但长光照组体重明显低于自然光照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献