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内蒙古中温型草原带重要饲用植物细胞地理学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国草原主要分布于中温带,内蒙古草原是我国中温带草原的主体。根据目前掌握的饲用植物染色体研究成果,以内蒙古中温型草原带森林草原亚带、典型草原亚带和荒漠草原亚带重要饲用植物的细胞地理学作了初步研究,结果显示：在三个草原亚带中多倍体饲用植物所在比例不同,从东部的森林草原亚带至西荒漠草原亚带,多倍体饲用植物的比例呈现出逐渐减少的趋势。 相似文献
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甘肃地处青藏高原、黄土高原、蒙新高原和西秦岭山地的交汇地带，有亚热带、温带、寒温带气候和草丛、草原、草甸、荒漠等草地类型，天然草地面积大，植物种类组成复杂、数量繁多。十字花科饲用植物资源丰富，在甘肃各地分布广泛，据统计，共有14属24种，隶属于5个分布型，其中以地中海区、西亚至中亚分布最多（占42．86％），从其属的分布区类型来看，甘肃所分布的均为温带性的地理成分。该科植物营养价值高，适应性强，是甘肃饲用植物的主要类群之一。文章主要研究了其属种组成、地理分布、区系成分及饲用价值，为我省的植被恢复、草场建设和畜牧业生产等提供理论依据。 相似文献
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黄土高原地区不同类型天然草地群落学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
摘要：根据气候-植被特征,选取森林草原、典型草原和荒漠草原3种不同草地类型的封育和放牧草地进行群落特征研究,旨在分析黄土高原天然草地的群落分布规律。结果表明,荒漠草原的盖度、平均高度、个体数和物种数均显著低于其他两类草地（P≤0.05）,森林草原的样方内个体数和平均高度显著高于典型草原,而后者则在盖度和物种数上优于前者;群落生物量表现为典型草原＞森林草原＞荒漠草原,且各草地类型之间差异显著（P≤0.05）;荒漠草原的多样性明显低于其他两个草地类型,典型草原和森林草原的物种多样性表现相类似。通过利用方式间的比较发现,封育措施对荒漠草原的植物群落结构有一定的改善作用,对于典型草原和荒漠草原,封育措施增加了其盖度和平均高度,但未达到显著水平（P≤0.05）。 相似文献
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河西山地绿洲荒漠植物群落种群多样性研究Ⅰ生态地理及植物群落的基本特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
河西山地绿洲荒漠区包括祁连山北坡中段森林草原区、张掖荒漠绿洲区和东大山森林草原区等3个地理地段,海拔在1 450～4 200 m之间.近50年气候的变化趋势是20世纪60年代冬冷夏热春雨多;70年代冬暖夏冷,夏秋雨多;80年代至本世纪末,年平均气温偏低,降水量增加.相应地,祁连山发育的现代冰川今后将出现稳定乃至前进现象.黑河流量动态变化与降水量的变化趋势一致.主要植被类型有红砂荒漠、山地荒漠草原、典型草原、寒温性针叶林、高山灌丛及高山流石滩植被等.祁连山北坡产高等植物1 064种.植物区系从区系特征上可以分为两个区系小区,即祁连山北坡中段、东大山森林草原区和河西荒漠区.东大山与祁连山北坡中段属于同一个植物区系类型,是一个年轻衍生的温带植物区系,区系发生在晚第三纪至第四纪.河西荒漠区是一个古老的植物区系.维管植物生活型谱组成中,地面芽植物占优势,其次是高位芽植物、一年生植物、隐芽植物和地上芽植物,分别占60%、17.6%、11%、6.5%和4%.植物生活型谱表现出明显的垂直地带性变化格局. 相似文献
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内蒙古灌丛化石生针茅荒漠草原地下生物量与周转值的测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
内蒙古的中部地区，广泛分布着中温型草原带最干旱的一个草原植被亚带－－荒漠草原亚带，灌丛化石生针茅草原是荒漠草原地带的一个主要群系，分布十分广泛，在一定范围内，它们占据的面积大于非灌丛化的石生针茅草原。（1），（4）对于荒漠草原亚带不同类型草原地上部分生产力的测定，自五十年代末的定位试验站开始，迄今已积累了相当丰富的资料，而不同类型草原群落地下部分生物量的测定，还未见过报道，但这却是草原生态系统物流与物质循环及生产力研究不可缺少的基础资料。本文是作用于1987年对内蒙古高原灌丛化石生针茅荒漠草原地下部分生物量和周转值进行测定所得结果的报道。 相似文献
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克氏针茅草原是亚洲中部草原区所特有的中温型典型草原代表类型之一。一般不进入森林草原带,在大针茅(Stipagrandis)草原分布区内由于过牧而造成的退化演替地段,克氏针茅可成为优势成分,在荒漠草原带内虽有渗入但从不居优 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献