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1.
WRKY转录因子家族是植物体内最大的转录因子超家族之一,广泛分布在多种植物中。WRKY转录因子家族因具有高度保守的WRKY结构域而得名,它可以结合靶基因启动子W-box顺式作用元件,从而调控多种类型靶基因的表达,在植物响应生物及非生物胁迫(盐胁迫、干旱胁迫、氧化胁迫等)过程中起到重要的调控作用。本文介绍了WRKY转录因子家族的分子结构特征及作用机制,分析了其在植物响应生物和非生物胁迫过程中的生物学功能及分子调控机理,总结了WRKY转录因子家族在牧草中的研究进展,指出深入研究野生植物体内WRKY转录因子的调控机理,可能会为我们探索WRKY转录因子调控功能提供新的视角。本文为深入研究WRKY转录因子家族的调控机理,及其在牧草中发挥的生物学功能奠定理论基础和提供研究思路。  相似文献   

2.
杜超 《草业科学》2022,38(7):1287-1300
WRKY转录因子家族是植物体内最大的转录因子超家族之一,广泛分布在多种植物中.WRKY转录因子家族因具有高度保守的WRKY结构域而得名,它可以结合靶基因启动子W-box顺式作用元件,从而调控多种类型靶基因的表达,在植物响应生物及非生物胁迫(盐胁迫、干旱胁迫、氧化胁迫等)过程中起到重要的调控作用.本文介绍了WRKY转录因子家族的分子结构特征及作用机制,分析了其在植物响应生物和非生物胁迫过程中的生物学功能及分子调控机理,总结了WRKY转录因子家族在牧草中的研究进展,指出深入研究野生植物体内WRKY转录因子的调控机理,可能会为我们探索WRKY转录因子调控功能提供新的视角.本文为深入研究WRKY转录因子家族的调控机理,及其在牧草中发挥的生物学功能奠定理论基础和提供研究思路.  相似文献   

3.
Snail家族基因编码具有锌指结构的转录因子,通过结合下游基因参与了多个生理水平的调控,在上皮-间质转化、胚胎发育、免疫调节、癌细胞迁移等方面具有广泛的生物学功能。Snail家族基因参与了脂肪的生成和脂代谢过程,同时也是肌生成决定因子(MyoD)的下游靶基因,也可能参与了肌肉发育调控。因此,Snail家族基因在脂肪生成、肌肉发育及脂代谢等方面发挥了重要作用,是影响哺乳动物特别是农业动物产肉性能和肉品质的一类重要候选功能基因。作者介绍了Snail家族基因及其蛋白结构和基本生物学功能,简述了Snail家族参与Wnt/β-catenin、Notch 等信号通路的调控作用方式,总结了Snail家族基因在哺乳动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育中的作用和调控方式。然而,目前关于Snail家族基因在协同参与哺乳动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育中扮演的角色仍待深入研究。另一方面,一般认为发挥转录抑制作用的Snail家族近年来也被发现具有转录激活作用,这种作用是如何实现的仍未知。因此,Snail家族基因在调控动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育过程中的协同作用、脂肪生成和脂肪水解过程的动态调控及其转录激活作用的发挥是今后研究的方向,为解析Snail家族基因在肉质性状形成过程中的遗传调控机理奠定基础。  相似文献   

4.
AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor)是植物中广泛存在的一类超大家族转录因子,含有1～2个约由60个氨基酸组成AP2/ERF结构域,根据AP2/ERF结构域的数量及结合序列可以将其分为5个亚家族:AP2(APETALA2)、 ERF(ethylene-responsivefactor)、 DREB(dehydration-responsiveelement-bindingprotein)、 RAV(relatedto ABI3/VP1)和Soloist。该家族转录因子在调控植物生长发育及响应逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要作用,本文重点介绍了近年来AP2/ERF类转录因子参与植物花发育、果实发育、种子发育等生长发育过程以及调控植物对病原体、干旱和高盐等逆境胁迫的响应过程等方面的研究进展,可为今后挖掘和利用该类转录因子基因提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
MADS-box基因家族是植物体内的重要转录因子,它们广泛地调控着植物生长、发育和生殖等过程。本研究以蒺藜苜蓿基因组数据为材料,采用结构域搜索方法,鉴定了138个MADS-box基因。通过序列比对系统进化分析,将它们分成两大类:Ⅰ型(92个)和Ⅱ型(46个)。同时,通过染色体定位分析发现,134个MADS-box基因定位在染色体上,还有4个MADS-box基因定位在尚未完成最终拼接的超长片段上。蒺藜苜蓿的MADS-box基因家族成员之间存在大量的基因重复,特别是Ⅰ型MADS-box基因,通过基因复制,MADS-box基因家族在染色体上形成多个密集的MADS-box基因簇。对蒺藜苜蓿的RNA-seq表达谱数据分析,发现MADS-box基因在心皮组织、花器官等组织中表达量较高,这表明蒺藜苜蓿的MADS-box基因家族广泛地参与苜蓿组织分化、发育以及生殖等过程的调控,这将为进一步揭示MADS-box类转录因子在蒺藜苜蓿中作用机制提供了重要的参考。  相似文献   

6.
骨骼肌发育是一个复杂的过程,其中包括肌细胞的形成与增殖、肌管和肌纤维的形成及最后的成熟过程。骨骼肌生长发育直接影响到绵羊的生产性能。随着测序技术的发展,更多人尝试从基因层面来阐述骨骼肌发育过程中系统的调控网络,挖掘与肉品质、产肉性能等重要功能性状相关的分子标记。肌细胞增强因子2(MEF2)是控制肌肉基因表达的保守且功能显著的转录因子,在调节肌肉生成、神经发育与分化等方面起作用。成肌细胞决定因子(myogenic differentiation,MyoD)基因家族调控肌细胞分化和骨骼肌系统的发育成熟。为了更深入地认识与绵羊骨骼肌生长发育相关的调控基因的功能,作者从骨骼肌的结构特点入手,重点介绍MEF2与MyoD基因家族的结构与功能,以及非编码RNA对骨骼肌中基因表达的调控作用。  相似文献   

7.
生肌调节因子(myogenic regulatory factors,MRFs)是调控肌肉生成的重要基因,家族中包括MyoD、MyoG、Myf5和Myf6。MyoD能把多种类型细胞转化为成肌细胞,在肌肉特异基因转录调控中起着总开关作用;MyoG的表达能够控制成肌细胞融合的起始,促使成肌细胞增殖;Myf5协同MyoD在肌肉形成过程中发挥作用,而Myf6与MyoG共同控制肌肉分化。研究表明,MRFs家族基因的表达与肉用动物的产肉性能和肉质性状密切相关,遗传、营养和环境等因素对该家族基因的表达水平有显著影响。作者综述了MRFs家族的结构与功能、基因表达与活性调节以及营养、光照、温度、运动和活性物质等因素对该家族成员基因活性和肌生成的调控作用,以期为建立动物肌肉发育调控技术奠定理论基础。  相似文献   

8.
骨骼肌发育是一个复杂的过程,其中包括肌细胞的形成与增殖、肌管和肌纤维的形成及最后的成熟过程。骨骼肌生长发育直接影响到绵羊的生产性能。随着测序技术的发展,更多人尝试从基因层面来阐述骨骼肌发育过程中系统的调控网络,挖掘与肉品质、产肉性能等重要功能性状相关的分子标记。肌细胞增强因子2(MEF2)是控制肌肉基因表达的保守且功能显著的转录因子,在调节肌肉生成、神经发育与分化等方面起作用。成肌细胞决定因子(myogenic differentiation,MyoD)基因家族调控肌细胞分化和骨骼肌系统的发育成熟。为了更深入地认识与绵羊骨骼肌生长发育相关的调控基因的功能,作者从骨骼肌的结构特点入手,重点介绍MEF2与MyoD基因家族的结构与功能,以及非编码RNA对骨骼肌中基因表达的调控作用。  相似文献   

9.
杜超  孙晓梅  王迎春  郑琳琳 《草业科学》2018,35(6):1416-1424
MYB转录因子家族在植物抵抗非生物胁迫过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。基于转录组测序数据,从珍稀泌盐盐生植物长叶红砂(Reaumuria trigyna)中克隆一个MYB转录因子基因,命名为RtMYB1。RtMYB1基因具有780bp的ORF(open reading frame)序列,编码236个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白。RtMYB1能够被盐、冷、高温、紫外照射(UV)和干旱(PEG)5种非生物胁迫诱导表达,这表明RtMYB1基因可能参与长叶红砂响应非生物胁迫的调节途径。本研究为深入了解长叶红砂的抗逆机理及发掘优异的抗逆基因奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
垂体转录因子（POU domain class 1 transcrip 2tionfactor 1,POU1F1）基因是POU基因家族的成员之一,是重要的组织特异性转录因子。POU1F1基因在胚胎分化和生长激素、催乳素、促甲状腺素细胞系的发育中发挥着重要作用。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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