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WRKY转录因子家族是植物体内最大的转录因子超家族之一,广泛分布在多种植物中。WRKY转录因子家族因具有高度保守的WRKY结构域而得名,它可以结合靶基因启动子W-box顺式作用元件,从而调控多种类型靶基因的表达,在植物响应生物及非生物胁迫(盐胁迫、干旱胁迫、氧化胁迫等)过程中起到重要的调控作用。本文介绍了WRKY转录因子家族的分子结构特征及作用机制,分析了其在植物响应生物和非生物胁迫过程中的生物学功能及分子调控机理,总结了WRKY转录因子家族在牧草中的研究进展,指出深入研究野生植物体内WRKY转录因子的调控机理,可能会为我们探索WRKY转录因子调控功能提供新的视角。本文为深入研究WRKY转录因子家族的调控机理,及其在牧草中发挥的生物学功能奠定理论基础和提供研究思路。 相似文献
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WRKY转录因子家族是植物体内最大的转录因子超家族之一,广泛分布在多种植物中.WRKY转录因子家族因具有高度保守的WRKY结构域而得名,它可以结合靶基因启动子W-box顺式作用元件,从而调控多种类型靶基因的表达,在植物响应生物及非生物胁迫(盐胁迫、干旱胁迫、氧化胁迫等)过程中起到重要的调控作用.本文介绍了WRKY转录因子家族的分子结构特征及作用机制,分析了其在植物响应生物和非生物胁迫过程中的生物学功能及分子调控机理,总结了WRKY转录因子家族在牧草中的研究进展,指出深入研究野生植物体内WRKY转录因子的调控机理,可能会为我们探索WRKY转录因子调控功能提供新的视角.本文为深入研究WRKY转录因子家族的调控机理,及其在牧草中发挥的生物学功能奠定理论基础和提供研究思路. 相似文献
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Snail家族基因编码具有锌指结构的转录因子,通过结合下游基因参与了多个生理水平的调控,在上皮-间质转化、胚胎发育、免疫调节、癌细胞迁移等方面具有广泛的生物学功能。Snail家族基因参与了脂肪的生成和脂代谢过程,同时也是肌生成决定因子(MyoD)的下游靶基因,也可能参与了肌肉发育调控。因此,Snail家族基因在脂肪生成、肌肉发育及脂代谢等方面发挥了重要作用,是影响哺乳动物特别是农业动物产肉性能和肉品质的一类重要候选功能基因。作者介绍了Snail家族基因及其蛋白结构和基本生物学功能,简述了Snail家族参与Wnt/β-catenin、Notch 等信号通路的调控作用方式,总结了Snail家族基因在哺乳动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育中的作用和调控方式。然而,目前关于Snail家族基因在协同参与哺乳动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育中扮演的角色仍待深入研究。另一方面,一般认为发挥转录抑制作用的Snail家族近年来也被发现具有转录激活作用,这种作用是如何实现的仍未知。因此,Snail家族基因在调控动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育过程中的协同作用、脂肪生成和脂肪水解过程的动态调控及其转录激活作用的发挥是今后研究的方向,为解析Snail家族基因在肉质性状形成过程中的遗传调控机理奠定基础。 相似文献
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《草业科学》2020,(6)
AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor)是植物中广泛存在的一类超大家族转录因子,含有1～2个约由60个氨基酸组成AP2/ERF结构域,根据AP2/ERF结构域的数量及结合序列可以将其分为5个亚家族:AP2(APETALA2)、 ERF(ethylene-responsivefactor)、 DREB(dehydration-responsiveelement-bindingprotein)、 RAV(relatedto ABI3/VP1)和Soloist。该家族转录因子在调控植物生长发育及响应逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要作用,本文重点介绍了近年来AP2/ERF类转录因子参与植物花发育、果实发育、种子发育等生长发育过程以及调控植物对病原体、干旱和高盐等逆境胁迫的响应过程等方面的研究进展,可为今后挖掘和利用该类转录因子基因提供参考。 相似文献
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MADS-box基因家族是植物体内的重要转录因子,它们广泛地调控着植物生长、发育和生殖等过程。本研究以蒺藜苜蓿基因组数据为材料,采用结构域搜索方法,鉴定了138个MADS-box基因。通过序列比对系统进化分析,将它们分成两大类:Ⅰ型(92个)和Ⅱ型(46个)。同时,通过染色体定位分析发现,134个MADS-box基因定位在染色体上,还有4个MADS-box基因定位在尚未完成最终拼接的超长片段上。蒺藜苜蓿的MADS-box基因家族成员之间存在大量的基因重复,特别是Ⅰ型MADS-box基因,通过基因复制,MADS-box基因家族在染色体上形成多个密集的MADS-box基因簇。对蒺藜苜蓿的RNA-seq表达谱数据分析,发现MADS-box基因在心皮组织、花器官等组织中表达量较高,这表明蒺藜苜蓿的MADS-box基因家族广泛地参与苜蓿组织分化、发育以及生殖等过程的调控,这将为进一步揭示MADS-box类转录因子在蒺藜苜蓿中作用机制提供了重要的参考。 相似文献
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骨骼肌发育是一个复杂的过程,其中包括肌细胞的形成与增殖、肌管和肌纤维的形成及最后的成熟过程。骨骼肌生长发育直接影响到绵羊的生产性能。随着测序技术的发展,更多人尝试从基因层面来阐述骨骼肌发育过程中系统的调控网络,挖掘与肉品质、产肉性能等重要功能性状相关的分子标记。肌细胞增强因子2(MEF2)是控制肌肉基因表达的保守且功能显著的转录因子,在调节肌肉生成、神经发育与分化等方面起作用。成肌细胞决定因子(myogenic differentiation,MyoD)基因家族调控肌细胞分化和骨骼肌系统的发育成熟。为了更深入地认识与绵羊骨骼肌生长发育相关的调控基因的功能,作者从骨骼肌的结构特点入手,重点介绍MEF2与MyoD基因家族的结构与功能,以及非编码RNA对骨骼肌中基因表达的调控作用。 相似文献
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生肌调节因子(myogenic regulatory factors,MRFs)是调控肌肉生成的重要基因,家族中包括MyoD、MyoG、Myf5和Myf6。MyoD能把多种类型细胞转化为成肌细胞,在肌肉特异基因转录调控中起着总开关作用;MyoG的表达能够控制成肌细胞融合的起始,促使成肌细胞增殖;Myf5协同MyoD在肌肉形成过程中发挥作用,而Myf6与MyoG共同控制肌肉分化。研究表明,MRFs家族基因的表达与肉用动物的产肉性能和肉质性状密切相关,遗传、营养和环境等因素对该家族基因的表达水平有显著影响。作者综述了MRFs家族的结构与功能、基因表达与活性调节以及营养、光照、温度、运动和活性物质等因素对该家族成员基因活性和肌生成的调控作用,以期为建立动物肌肉发育调控技术奠定理论基础。 相似文献
8.
骨骼肌发育是一个复杂的过程,其中包括肌细胞的形成与增殖、肌管和肌纤维的形成及最后的成熟过程。骨骼肌生长发育直接影响到绵羊的生产性能。随着测序技术的发展,更多人尝试从基因层面来阐述骨骼肌发育过程中系统的调控网络,挖掘与肉品质、产肉性能等重要功能性状相关的分子标记。肌细胞增强因子2(MEF2)是控制肌肉基因表达的保守且功能显著的转录因子,在调节肌肉生成、神经发育与分化等方面起作用。成肌细胞决定因子(myogenic differentiation,MyoD)基因家族调控肌细胞分化和骨骼肌系统的发育成熟。为了更深入地认识与绵羊骨骼肌生长发育相关的调控基因的功能,作者从骨骼肌的结构特点入手,重点介绍MEF2与MyoD基因家族的结构与功能,以及非编码RNA对骨骼肌中基因表达的调控作用。 相似文献
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MYB转录因子家族在植物抵抗非生物胁迫过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。基于转录组测序数据,从珍稀泌盐盐生植物长叶红砂(Reaumuria trigyna)中克隆一个MYB转录因子基因,命名为RtMYB1。RtMYB1基因具有780bp的ORF(open reading frame)序列,编码236个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白。RtMYB1能够被盐、冷、高温、紫外照射(UV)和干旱(PEG)5种非生物胁迫诱导表达,这表明RtMYB1基因可能参与长叶红砂响应非生物胁迫的调节途径。本研究为深入了解长叶红砂的抗逆机理及发掘优异的抗逆基因奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献