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玉米黑束病的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1984年秋,甘肃省种植引进南斯拉夫玉米自交系母本773,穗期田间发生大面积枯死.病菌侵染玉米茎部维管束,致使植株叶片从上到下枯萎而死,病情发展迅速,造成严重为害.经调查发病率为66~98.9%.根据病原菌形态、培养性状和致病性试验,鉴定为直枝顶孢霉菌Acremonium strictum W.Gams (=CePhalas porium acremoninm Cda)侵染而引致的玉米黑束病,该病在我国引进玉米上大发生还是第一次.种子检验发现南斯拉夫玉米杂交组合的种子,均不同程度带有病原菌,带菌率为1.25~13%.经研究明确,南斯拉夫玉米自交系母本773对直枝顶孢霉菌高度感病,而当地品种中单二号和户单一号等表现抗病.田间大面积发病的菌源主要来自土壤. 相似文献
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1998年阳泉市首次发现玉米疯顶病 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９９８年８月在盂县牛村镇和仙人乡,郊区舁乡发现１种新的玉米病害。根据有关专家鉴定,此病为玉米疯顶病。这种病害在山西省尚未见报道。疯顶病的典型症状为植株疯长,株高超过正常株５０ｃｍ左右,无正常雄穗和雌穗。玉米感病后,苗期分孽增长,叶片色浅,扭典或卷成筒状不能分开。成株期被害后,雄穗增生畸型,长出许多小叶,这些变态叶状花序呈疯顶状,故称疯顶病。雌穗（果穗）受侵染后,发育不良,不抽花丝,顶部上生小叶片,不结实,病株颗粒无收,对产量影响很大。经调查,阳泉市在这些地区发生玉米疯顶病８．７ｈｍ２。感病品种… 相似文献
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20 0 0年 7月在宋洛乡梨子坪村和西坡村 ,松柏镇塘坊村发现玉米的一种新病害。林区植保植检站查阅有关资料后 ,初步确定为玉米疯顶病 ,后来全省种子理事会议在我区召开 ,取病株到会场经专家鉴定 ,确定为玉米疯顶病。玉米疯顶病在我区苗期感病 ,典型症状 :分蘖增长 ,叶片色浅 ,扭曲或卷成筒状不能分开 ,少数成株被害后 ,无正常雄穗和雌穗 ,雄穗增生畸型 ,长出许多小叶 ,雌穗 (果穗 )受害后 ,发育不良 ,不抽花丝 ,顶部上生小叶片 ,不结实 ,病株颗粒无收。我站对玉米疯顶病调查结果表明 ,发病田块均属小麦预留行套种玉米 ,病株分布呈不均匀状态… 相似文献
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玉米疯顶病在喀什地区流行 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
玉米疯顶病是新疆玉米上的新病害。近年来该病在喀什地区零星发生,１９９８年呈现出流行态势,给玉米生产构成严重威胁。玉米疯顶病是由霜霉科大孢指疫霉属的大孢指疫霉菌〔Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｍａｃｒｏｓｐｏｒａ（Ｓａｃｃ．）Ｔｈｉｒｗｎ．ｅｌａｌ．〕引起的系统性侵染病害。玉米感病后,一般不能抽穗结实,重者提前枯死,轻的籽粒瘪小。１９９８年套种玉米抽雄后,部分县（市）反映,套种玉米个别植株不抽雄穗,不吐花丝,发生重的地块,连片发生,严重影响玉米生产。９月笔者在莎车县调查发现,发病地块全是小麦留行套种玉… 相似文献
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E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献