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采用传统的调查方法,查明永靖县羊血液原虫病的病原为羊泰勒虫和绵羊无浆体;流行区域是:关山、徐顶、陈井、三条岘、盐锅峡、太极、刘家峡、杨塔、王台、红泉等10个乡镇56个村;羊泰勒虫病的传播媒介是青海血蜱;绵羊无浆体传播媒介为草原革蜱;发病季节主要是3—5月份,9—10月份也有少量羊只发病。羔羊和从非疫区引进的羊只发病率高,平均发病率达58.72%,致死率达55.62%;成年羊发病率为22.09%,致死率为30.23%;3—6月份羊带虫率分别是:羔羊83.69%,成年羊52.43%。绵、山羊发病率无差异。流行区蜱种有:森林革蜱、草原革蜱、青海血蜱和麻点璃眼蜱3属4种。青海血蜱和森林革蜱为流行区羊体寄生的广布种。 相似文献
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甘肃省永靖县羊泰勒虫病流行病学调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用传统的调查方法,查出在甘肃省永靖县羊泰勒虫病的流行区域是:关山、徐顶、陈井、三条岘、盐锅峡、太极、刘家峡、杨塔、王台、红泉等10个乡镇56个村;羊泰勒虫病的传播媒介是青海血蜱;发病季节主要是3~5月份,9~10月份也有少量羊只发病。羔羊和从非疫区引进的羊只发病率高,平均发病率达58.72%,致死率达55.62%;成年羊发病率为22.09%,致死率为30.23%;3~6月份羊带虫率分别是:羔羊83.69%,成年羊52.43%。绵、山羊发病率无差异。流行区蜱种有革蜱属、血蜱属和璃眼蜱属3属4种:森林革蜱、草原革蜱、青海血蜱和麻点璃眼蜱。青海血蜱和森林革蜱为流行区羊体寄生的广布种。 相似文献
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目的 为查明甘肃省羊血液原虫病的病原 ,制订控制技术而开展本调查。方法 于 1 998～ 2 0 0 1年在病情流行的 1 1个试点对羊只进行检查。结果 检出病原为羊泰勒虫 ( Theileria.sp)和绵羊边虫 ( Anoplasma ovis)两种 ,主要致病病原为羊泰勒虫 ,羊泰勒虫病发病季节为 2～ 6月 ,4月下旬到 5月上旬为发病高峰期 ;流行区查出硬蜱 4属 7种。麻点璃眼蜱属我省首次发现和报道。黄羊感染羊泰勒虫病目前未见资料报道。结论 羊泰勒虫人工传播试验证实青海血蜱是我省羊泰勒虫传播媒介 ,麻点璃眼蜱不传播羊泰勒虫 相似文献
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甘肃省中部地区羊蜱传性血液原虫病的调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道的是甘肃中部地区永靖、七里河等１０县区的羊蜱传性血液原虫病的调查。共调查羊４６６只,其中绵羊３７４只,山羊５２只,黄羊４０只,每只羊抹血片２张,共镜检血片９３２张。发现绵羊泰勒虫和绵羊边虫两种病原。绵羊泰勒虫的感染为主,羊只感染率平均为４５．２４％,高的可达６３．４６％。共采集蜱１９７１只,经鉴定有青海血蜱、长角血蜱、森林革蜱和银盾革蜱４种。青海血蜱是绵羊泰勒虫的媒介蜱。 相似文献
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甘肃省羊泰勒虫媒介蜱的传播试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用采自羊泰勒虫病疫区甘肃省永靖且的麻点璃眼蜱饥饿成虫叮咬健康羊体，试验羊体内未发现羊泰勒虫；用其饱血雌虫孵化的幼虫叮咬羊泰勒虫感染羊，收集饱血若虫，再用其饥饿成虫叮咬健康羊体，被叮咬羊体内也未查出羊泰勒虫，证明麻点璃眼蜱不传播羊泰勒虫。用采自羊泰勒虫病疫区张家川和永靖县的青海血蜱经人工孵化的幼虫叮咬羊泰勒虫自然感染羊，收集饱血幼虫蜕皮后，用其若虫叮咬健康羊，40d后在被叮咬羊血片中发现羊泰勒虫，但未显示明显的临床症状。用采自羊泰勒虫病疫区羊体的青海血蜱成虫、若虫、幼虫同时叮咬健康羊，18d时在试验羊体内发现羊泰勒虫，试验羊表现贫血、黄疸、稽留热、肩前淋巴结肿大等特征性症状，出现心包积液，肝、脾、肾肿胀及出血的典型病理变化。由此确定，甘肃省的羊泰勒虫是由青海血蜱传播的。 相似文献
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《新疆畜牧业》2020,(2)
为了解2016～2018年伊吾县部分养殖场感染绵羊无浆体病的情况,实验采用统计学方法和分子生物学方法对羊体表媒介蜱进行种群结构分析,对疑似羊全血进行流行病学调查。结果表明,鉴定出硬蜱2属4种,璃眼蜱属为该地区羊体表寄生蜱的主要群落物种,残缘璃眼蜱和小亚璃眼蜱染蜱率、蜱指数较高,亚洲璃眼蜱蜱指数最低为0.15;吐葫芦乡种群结构较为丰富、多样,盐池镇、淖毛湖镇种群结构参数相似;蜱源性病原检测仅小亚璃眼蜱检测出携带绵羊无浆体,蜱源性无浆体病总阳性率为3.96%,血源性绵羊无浆体总阳性率为14.60%(87/596),其中淖毛湖镇绵羊无浆体阳性率最高为20.13%(30/149),1n≤2年龄段的绵羊无浆体感染较高为7.55%(45/596)。本次调查结果为伊吾县媒介蜱和绵羊无浆体病的综合防控提供参考依据。 相似文献
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羊泰勒虫病 ( sheep theileriasis)是由媒介蜱传播的绵羊、山羊的一种血液原虫病。羊泰勒虫分布很广。原苏联、印度、斯里兰卡 ,以及非洲等地就报道此病的流行。我国的四川、青海、甘肃、辽宁等地均有本病的发生。罗建勋等人的调查研究发现 ,甘肃 1 2个地区的 35个县都有此病。其中临潭县的羊感染率达到 40 .0 % ,且羔羊病死率在 5 5 .0 %左右。同时 ,研究还发现不同地区的羊泰勒虫致病力不同。笔者为了更进一步证明临潭县羊泰勒虫及媒介蜱的存在 ,特进行了动物感染试验和病原形态学观察。1 材料与方法1 .1 动物 2 0 0 4号到 2 0 1 7号… 相似文献
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山东省媒介蜱类种类鉴定及羊泰勒虫病流行病学调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了阐明山东省蜱类种类及羊泰勒虫病流行概况,于2012年3月-2013年11月采用形态学鉴定法鉴定收集的14 878只蜱类标本;采用梨形虫、泰勒科通用引物及种属特异性引物对617份羊血液样品进行PCR检测,并对阳性样品18SrRNA基因进行遗传进化分析;分析不同月份蜱类活动频率及羊泰勒虫感染率。结果显示山东省长角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)和草原革蜱(Dermacentor nuttalli)所占比例分别为75.3%和24.7%,统计学分析显示长角血蜱显著多于草原革蜱(P0.05),为山东省优势蜱种。PCR检测结果显示山东省羊泰勒虫感染率为24.8%;其中吕氏泰勒虫感染率为12.0%、尤氏泰勒虫感染率为11.8%,混和感染率为5.3%,没有检测到绵阳泰勒虫感染,统计学分析显示吕氏泰勒虫和尤氏泰勒虫在羊群的感染率无统计学差异(P0.05),吕氏泰勒虫与尤氏泰勒虫单虫种感染率显著高于混合感染率(P0.05)。遗传进化分析显示山东省吕氏泰勒虫和尤氏泰勒虫与北京分离株分布于同一分支,而区别于西北地区和南方地区分离株,呈现区域聚集性;不同月份蜱类活动频率与羊泰勒虫感染率呈现季节相关性。上述结果表明山东省优势媒介蜱种为长角血蜱,羊泰勒虫感染虫种为吕氏泰勒虫和尤氏泰勒虫,感染率较高,且与媒介蜱类存在相关性,为山东省羊泰勒虫病防控提供科学实验依据。 相似文献
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烟碱对硬蜱的杀灭效力试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
测定了烟碱对草原革蜱，日本血蜱，青海血蜱，血红扇头蜱，麻点璃眼蜱5种硬蜱的LD50及毒效，结果：对若虫的LD50为1.14-1.75μg/虫，对成虫LD50为45.37-57.46μg/虫，50g/L烟碱醇溶液5mL/m^3气雾熏蒸，青海血蜱与日本血蜱若虫48h死亡率为100％，成虫72h死亡率为100％，草原草蜱，血红扇头蜱，麻点璃眼蜱若虫72h死亡率为90.0%-94.3%，成虫72h死亡率为72.1%-82.3%，表明烟碱对硬蜱具有良好的杀灭作用，可作为环保型灭蜱药物的生物资源加以开发，利用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献