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1.
沙子岭公猪生长发育及精液品质测定报告   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
吴买生 《家畜生态》2000,21(3):25-28
通过对１２头沙子岭公猪生长发育及精液品质的测定分析，结果表明，沙子岭猪体重的生长速度快于同期的体尺生长速度，６月龄体重４５．０９ｋｇ，是２月龄体重的３．６５倍。精液品质具有密度较大（２．１２亿／ｍｌ），活力较强（０．７７），畸形精子少（８．７５％）等特点。  相似文献   

2.
在环境条件，饲料和饲养管理制度基本一致的条件下，完成了杜洛克猪五个世代的群体继选育，结果是杜洛克公母猪平均每个世代的选育进展分别为：２～６月龄日重分别提高１０．７８％和６．１３％，９０ｋｇ体重６、７肋的背膘厚分别降低８．４２％和８．３９％，综合选择指数分别提高８．８２％和７．７２％，对二至五世代公猪饲养试验，五世代较二世代日增重（３０～９０ｋｇ）提高６．９２％，每公斤增重所需饲料减少５．８４％，五  相似文献   

3.
粗毛型长毛兔新品系毛质分析研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了提高长毛兔兔毛纤维中的粗毛率和毛品质，在德系安哥拉兔群中导入了高粗毛率的基因，以新西兰兔、法系安哥拉兔、ＳＡＢ德系兔的血液参入。从８８年开始，经过三代杂交所产生的杂交粗毛型兔群中选出粗毛率高、产毛量高的兔进行横交，然后进行世代选育。目前已进入四世代。１１月龄的粗毛兔选育群，平均粗毛率达１５．５５％，少部分核心群兔粗毛率达２１．４５％，参加繁殖１－２胎的周岁成年母兔粗毛率平均达１７．７２％，年产毛量达８５０～８７０克（９－１１月龄的估测产量）。８月龄的平均体重达４０６５克，成年兔体重达４５０６克。８月龄的绒毛细度１２．８０微米，粗毛细度４０．４９微米，强力２．８１克，伸长率为５０．４１％，兔毛的吸湿率达１６．９６％。  相似文献   

4.
对瘦肉猪专门化父系杜洛克猪０－３世代后备公、母猪共３９７头进行了生长发育性能测定。后备公、母猪生长发育良好，后期（４－６月龄）生长更快，三世代后备公母猪６月龄一重分别为８９．８和８５．４千克，体长为１１６和１１２厘米，胸围１０１和９８厘米，全高５８和５７厘米，活体背膘１．８８和１．９６厘米，后备公母猛进－６月龄日增重分别为６２０和５８８克，耗料指数３．１５和３．０１。  相似文献   

5.
尹政  赖以斌 《养猪》1996,(1):23-25
南昌白猪经４个世代选育，四世代母猪头胎产仔１０．３７头，６０日龄窝重１５１．且千克。四世代后备公猪６月龄体重９２．２千克，日增重５９１克，料重比３．０７。三点平均背膘厚２．２８厘米。后备母猪６月龄体重８４．３千克，日增重５３９克，同胞（半同胞）屠宰测定瘦肉率５７．９９％，日增重６４０克，料重比３．０９。毛色耳型基本一致，具备瘦肉型猪体型，测定的各项指标变异系数还代缩小。遗传性基本稳定。  相似文献   

6.
１９９４～１９９６年在海南州赛什塘牧场对１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的生长发育进行了观测。结果：１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的初生重分别比家牦犊牛提高７．６５％和８．８６％（Ｐ＜０．０１），１／２野血牦犊牛在初生时的体高、体长和胸围比家牦犊牛分别提高３．２１％，５．５７％，５．５１％；６月龄时分别提高９．５６％，１１．４６％，３．５９％；１８月龄时分别提高９．１８％，１７．５５％，７．６４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。  相似文献   

7.
珍珠长毛兔生长发育特性的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
从珍珠长毛兔Ｆ４、Ｆ５选育群中，随机选出５７４只，对其生长发育进行测定，结果表明，在相同的环境中，该兔Ｆ４和Ｆ５代生长发育的各项指标差异不显著（Ｐ＞００５），该兔早期生长发育快，４０日龄断奶至３月龄，平均日增重４４２８ｇ，３月龄体重３２ｋｇ。８月龄体重４３ｋｇ，体型大，产毛量高，８月龄第３次剪毛时为３５５ｇ（９０ｄ养毛期），估计年产毛量１４２０ｇ。粗毛率为２２％。  相似文献   

8.
利用通径分析的原理和方法，对皖系粗毛型长毛兔选育群三、四、五世代１１月龄粗毛率进行通径分析。结果发现５、８、１１月龄粗毛率分别为１０．７３±１．３３％、１２．５６±１．７５％、１３．０５±２．０７％，相互呈中等以上正相关；５、８月龄粗毛率与相应的体重、产毛量呈弱负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；１１月龄粗毛率与相应的体重、产毛量相关不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；直接影响１１月龄毛率最大的性状是８月龄粗毛率，其相关和通径系数较高（ｒ（ｙｘ６）＝０．７０３４，Ｐ（ｙｘ６）＝０．），其次为５月龄产毛量和粗毛率，其他性状影响较小。因此，选育粗毛型长毛兔应以８月龄粗毛率为主要选种依据。  相似文献   

9.
本文研究了闭锁育种群的近交对猪生长发育的影响，结果表明：选育初期，近交的各阶段体重有一定负＊效应，随世代增加负效应减弱。断奶前绝对生长在选育＊初期受近交不良影响较大；断奶后绝对生长，各世代均＊未因近交加深而减弱，随世代进展呈现良好效应。相对＊生长，各世代不同近交组间均无明显差异，选育后期随＊近交加深呈增大趋势。近交对６月龄体重、体长、胸围＊的影响很小，各世代不同近交组间均无明显差异，随世＊代增加，对腱围则产生良好影响。适度近交对闭锁育种＊群猪的生长发育是有利的。  相似文献   

10.
经过4个世代的选育,淮猪新品系I系生长性状均达到或超过了选育目标,日增重、活体背膘及料肉比基本达到稳定状态。25～90kg日增重四世代（699．66g／d）比零世代（670．00g／c）提高了近30g;达90kg体重活体校正背膘厚,四世代（12．64mm）比零世代（13．77mm）降低1．13mm;料肉比四世代（2．97：1）与零世代（3．06：1）差异不显著,但基本稳定在3．00：1左右。淮猪新品系I系在生长性能方面的选育取得了一定的进展。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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