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在玉米亲本繁殖和杂交制种过程中进行科学管理，严格执行操作规程是提高杂交种质量的关键。目前玉米杂交种的生产经营形式多渠道、多元化，种子生产经营中抢购种子、哄抬价格、以次充好、掺杂使假等坑农害农事件时有发生，加大种子生产经营的管理力度，维持正常的种子市场秩序是保证质量的根本。针对上述问题提出几点建议。１ 提高玉米亲本自交系的纯度目前辽宁省常用自交系数目繁多，有的是本单位自选、自繁的，有的则是来自省内外其它单位的。繁殖过程中特征特性不清，技术标准不一，导致亲本纯度下降。为此，应严格按照辽宁省有关玉米亲… 相似文献
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杂交水稻种子的纯度,直接关系到杂种优势的发挥,保证种子纯度,是确保杂交水稻增产的重要措施。国家规定,主要农作物种子以品种纯度指标作为划分种子质量级别的依据,杂交水稻种子纯度最低不低于９６％。因此,我们在制种过程中,必须对制种田进行严格隔离和认真去杂,... 相似文献
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玉米杂交种的制种质量一直是困扰着种子公司和各科研院所等种子生产部门的难题，笔者根据多年工作的实践和对一些试验的调查了解，发现玉米生产上存在着不少问题，如生产田有不少自交苗，植株生长不整齐，花药、花丝颜色不同，秋收后玉米果穗颜色不一致，脱粒后，轴色、粒色、籽粒大小不一等，出现这一问题的根底是当前生产应用的杂交种纯度不高，要提高玉米杂交种的纯度，就得找出杂交制种过程中的实际问题并采取相应的对策。１ 存在的主要问题１．１ 亲本纯度不好经过调查，亲本自交系的不纯表现有以下几点：①亲本本身的基因不稳定或退… 相似文献
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母本带叶去雄对玉米种子产量和质量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在杂交玉米制种过程中,去雄是保持制种纯度的关键技术环节,如达不到要求标准,就会造成种子质量下降。因而,在杂交玉米制种的过程中,改进母本去雄的方法,对提高杂交玉米种子的质量和产量起到很大作用。１改进杂交玉米制种田母本去雄的方法改进玉米制种田母本去雄,过... 相似文献
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内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔盟(简称巴盟)处于河套平原地区(河套地区是指黄河及其支流大黑河冲积平原),海拔约1000m,年积温约3200℃,无霜期约140d,日照充足,降水稀少,昼夜温差大,农业用水主要来自于黄河自流灌溉,玉米种植方式为“地膜覆盖、大垄双行、高度密植”,古语有“黄河百害,唯富一套”之说,因此是全国的主要玉米杂交制种基地之一。玉米杂种优势明显,配合力高的自交系间杂交制种是获得优良杂交种、利用玉米杂种优势的主要途径。在玉米杂交制种过程中,花期相遇是保证制种田高产和种子质量的关键,因此制种的主要技术措施应以保证父母本花… 相似文献
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玉米是我国主要农作物之一,种植面积大,区域广,单产高。现在推广的品种绝大多数是杂交种,杂交种除拥有优良的亲本组合,种子的纯度尤为重要。纯度差的种子,品种的杂交优势就会减弱,产量就会降低。在市场经济条件下,保证种子纯度,提高制种产量,降低成本,确保质量,才能提高经济效益。 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
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种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献