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本实验采用荧光法，研究了亚硒酸钠在正常硒水平蛋用雏鸡体内全血中的动力学过程。药动力学研究表明，雏鸡０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ单剂量口服亚硒酸钠（０．１％）溶液后，血药经进过程答合一级吸收二室开放模型，理论方程为Ｃ＝０．１１６０ｅ＾－０．１４７６ｔ＋０．０１１９ｅ＾－０．０２００ｔ－０．１２７９ｅ＾－０．８６２８ｔ其主要药动学参数（均值）吸收相衰期（ｔ１／２ｋα）为０．８０（Ｈｒｓ）分布相半衰期（ｔ１／２ 相似文献
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泌乳曲线可用一般方程Ｙ＝Ａ１（ｔ）２（ｔ）来进行数学表述，方程中Ａ为一个正纯数，（ｔ）是单调增函数，１＝１为其渐近线，２是一个单调减函数，它具有单位起始值，２＝０为其渐近线。可供１．选择的函数有：１—ｂ。ｅ－ｂ１ｔ（Ｍｉｔｓｃｈｅｒｌｉｃｈ）、１／［１＋ｂ。／（ｂ１＋ｔ）］（Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｒ）、１／［１＋ｂ０／（ｂ１＋ｔｂ２）］（一般动态饱和）、１／（１＋ｂ。ｅ－ｂｔ）（罗辑斯谛）、ｂ。ｅｘｐ［（—Ｉｎｂ。）（１—ｅ－ｂ１ｔ）］（Ｇｏｍｐｅｒｔｚ）和［１＋ｔａｎｈ（ｂ。＋ｂ１ｔ］／２（双曲正切）；可供２选用的函数有：ｅ－ｅｔ（指数）和１／（１＋ｃｔ）（倒直线）。于是可得到１２种模型，且Ｙ＝Ａｔｂｅ－ｅｔ（Ｗｏｏｄ模型）适合于２３头试验牛整个泌乳期内的数据。Ｍｉｔｓｃｈｅｒｌｉｃｈ×数式、Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ×指数式、罗辑斯谛×指数式、罗辑斯谛×倒直线式及Ｗｏｏｄ模型都很适配。有了这些模型，达到产奶高峰的时间、最大产奶量、整个泌乳期的总产奶量以及在衰减期中点的相对衰减等的表达式都得到了。Ｍｉｔｓｃｈｅｒｌｉｃｈ×指数式模型一般比Ｗｏｏｄ模型适配得更好，与Ｗｏｏｄ模型不同的是，它对所? 相似文献
3.
广州地区黑白花奶牛泌乳曲线数学模型的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究根据广州地区黑白花奶牛１１３个完整泌乳期的逐日产奶记录资料，研究了γ函数模型、多项式模型和回归模型的拟合和预报情况。结果表明：上述三个模型对广州地区黑白花奶牛泌乳曲线的拟合效果均不理想。因此，提出一个改进的多项式模型：＾ｙ＝ｋ＿０＋ｋ＿１ｔ＋ｋ＿２ｔ￣２＋ｋ＿３ｌｎｔ＋ｋ＿４ｌｎ￣２ｔ＋ｋ＿５ｅ（￣－１３７．５／ｔ）．加ｅ￣（－１３７．５／ｔ）这一项的目的是对奶牛中后期产奶量进行有效的修正。应用此模型有８０％样本拟合相对误差＜１０％，绝对误差＜５００ｋｇ，复相关系数＞０．９，全部样本均达Ｐ＜０．０１显著水平。 相似文献
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通过４３６０只近交系小鼠体重分析,得出生长曲线：雄性ｒ＝２５．２４１７／１＋４．７８０３ｅ＾－０．４００４１ｘ,相关系数Ｒ＝０．９８９８,相关指数Ｒ＾２＝０．９７９７。雄性ｙ＝２３．７６４５／１＋３．９６４５ｅ＾－０．３３３９７ｘ,Ｒ＝０．９８２５,Ｒ＾２＝０．９６５２。 相似文献
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妊娠绵羊安氟醚药代动力学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文应用气相色谱测定妊娠绵氟醚吸入麻醉期间血药浓度和终末吸气浓度，并研究了安氟醚在妊娠绵羊体内药代动力学过程。经适当动力学模型的建立，分别描述具动力学特点，药代动力学研究表明：安氟醚在妊娠绵羊体内血液药物浓度时间规律为：Ｃ＝１２．４８３２９（ｅ＾－０．０３４４９６４ｔ－ｅ＾－０．０３２６２４２３ｔ）安氟醚吸入后药时曲线符合一级吸收一室开放性模型。动力学参数分别为：消除相生物半衰期（ｔ１／２β）＝２ 相似文献
6.
亚硒酸钠一次内服在犊牛体内药动学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
给犊牛一次内服（０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）亚硒酸钠溶液后不同时时间采集血样，用荧光分光光度计测定血硒浓度，在ＩＢＭ微机上用ＭＣＰＫＰ－微机用药动学程序软件处理血硒浓度实测值，微机输出血硒浓度理论值及药动学参数。血硒浓度－时间曲线符合二室开放模型，最佳药时方程为：Ｃｉ＝０．３６０２ｅ＾－４．６７５３ｔ＋０．４６２２ｅ＾－０．０００７ｔ－（０．３６０２＋０．４６２２）ｅ＾－０．１１７２ｔ．主要动力学参数： 相似文献
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采用低硒日粮（０．０２１μｇ／ｇ）饲喂１日龄蛋用雏鸡至１２～１４日龄（血硒降至０．０２３２±０．０１１０μｇ／ｍｌ），按单剂量０．５２６ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ口服亚硒酸钠后不同时间点采集血样，用荧光分光光度法测定血硒浓度。应用ＭＣＰＫＰ药动学程序自动拟合处理血硒浓度——时间数据并求出药动学参数。血硒浓度－时间曲线符合一室开放模型，最佳药时方程为：Ｃｉ＝０．０９５９０（ｅ－０．００６１９ｔ－ｅ－０．０９４１０ｔ）。主要药动学参数：ｔ１２Ｋａ为２．０３ｈ，ｔ１２Ｋ为１１２．０２ｈ，ｔｐ为１１．９８ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ为０．０８７３８μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ为１５．２１１ｍｇ／ｌ·ｈ。根据单剂量药动学参数，计算出多剂量给药参数：τ为１２０ｈ，Ｃ为０．１２６７６μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｄ＊为０．７０８１ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｄ０为０．３７１２ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｒ为１．９０７６。 相似文献
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喹乙醇在鸡体内的毒物动力学及其生化毒性和病理学研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文对１３只健康ＡＡ鸡单次内服喹乙醇中毒剂量（１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）作了毒物动力学分析。用乙腈—乙酸乙酯混合溶剂提取血浆中的喹乙醇,反相高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ法）测定浓度。喹乙醇内服给药的药时数据适合一级吸收二室开放模型。毒物动力学主要参数为：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．６３±０．２６ｈ,ｔ１／２α１．１２±０．３４ｈ,ｔ１／２β７．２６±３．０２ｈ,Ｋｅ０．５９±０．１５ｈ－１,Ｔｍａｘ１．１９±０．３１ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ７１．４０±１２．８１μｇ／ｍｌ,ＡＵＣ２５８．１２±３６．１１ｍｇ／Ｌ．ｈ。本试验表明,内服中毒剂量的喹乙醇在ＡＡ鸡体内的吸收、分布均很迅速,但消除缓慢;给药后２４ｈ,血药浓度均高于０．２μｇ／ｍｌ 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
14.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献