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1.
肉鸡实验性镉中毒的病理变化的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
张彩英 《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2003,(2):5-6
将1日龄的AA鸡160羽随机分成4组,Ⅰ组(对照组)鸡喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组鸡喂基础日粮添加镉1mg/kg(以3CdSO4·8H2O折算,下同),Ⅲ组鸡喂基础日粮添加镉10mg/kg,Ⅳ组鸡喂基础日粮添加镉100mg/kg。试验鸡按组分舍试验49d,观察鸡的剖检变化、病理组织损伤。结果表明:组织病理学变化以肝、肾等实质性器官的损害为主,并有微小血管壁增厚的特有病变。 相似文献
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1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡饲粮铜营养需要量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在通过研究饲粮铜添加水平对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育、抗氧化性能、肝脏和血清铜含量等的影响,以探讨1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡铜的营养需要量。选用1日龄健康、发育良好的快大型岭南黄羽肉公雏鸡1440只,根据体重随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只鸡,组1(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮(2.80 mg/kg铜),组2、3、4、5、6饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加4、8、16、32、64 mg/kg铜。试验期21 d。结果表明：本试验条件下,1)饲粮添加4和64 mg/kg铜显著提高试鸡平均日采食量( P<0.05),饲粮中铜添加水平对末重、平均日增重和料重比无显著影响( P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,8 mg/kg组法氏囊指数显著升高( P<0.05),而饲粮铜添加水平对胸腺和脾脏指数无显著影响( P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,8、16、32和64 mg/kg组血清和肝脏铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),各组间血清和肝脏丙二醛含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);添加16、32、64 mg/kg铜显著降低血清铜蓝蛋白活性(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,16、32和64 mg/kg组血清铜含量显著降低(P<0.05),铜添加水平对肝脏铜含量和肝脏金属硫蛋白含量影响不显著( P>0.05)。综合考虑各项指标,为获得较好生长性能和免疫器官发育、抗氧化性能,1~21日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡饲粮铜适宜添加水平为8 mg/kg,加上基础饲粮铜含量2.80 mg/kg,则该阶段黄羽肉鸡铜需要量为10.80 mg/kg;以血清CuZnSOD活性为依据,通过非线性回归分析估测得到1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡铜需要量为13.38 mg/kg。 相似文献
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1日龄天府肉鹅健雏200只,随机分为4组,分别喂以:(1)基础日粮(Zn 100mg/kg日粮,对照组)、(2)基础日粮 Zn 900mg/kg、(3)基础日粮 Zn 1400mg/kg、(4)基础日粮 Zn 1900mg/kg,试验期7周,进行系统的病理学观察.中毒组雏鹅出现生长迟缓、拉稀、跛行等临床症状.组织学观察,肝细胞颗粒变性,骨骼肌及肌胃平滑肌变性坏死,胸腺、腔上囊和脾脏淋巴细胞数量减少、变性、坏死.血液病理学变化,主要是血清碱性磷酸酶活性下降,骨/肝碱性磷酸酶比值升高,谷丙转氨酶、肌酸激酶及淀粉酶活性程度不同地升高,血清胰岛素含量升高,仅基础日粮 Zn 1900mg/kg组49日龄降低.结果表明,高锌对鹅可产生明显的毒害作用. 相似文献
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钼镉联合诱导对鸭组织器官中微量元素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医学报》2017,(3):535-540
旨在探讨钼镉联合诱导对鸭组织器官中微量元素含量的影响。选取120羽11日龄"江南2号"麻鸭随机分成对照组、低钼组、高钼组、镉组、低钼镉组和高钼镉组,每组20羽,以(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_(24)·4H_2O和3CdSO_4·8H_2O作为钼源和镉源,对照组饲喂基础日粮,其余各组分别在每千克基础日粮中添加Mo 15 mg、Mo 100 mg、Cd 4 mg、Mo15mg+Cd 4mg和Mo 100mg+Cd 4mg,试验期120d。于试验60、120d每组随机选10羽鸭剖杀,采集相应组织器官,用原子吸收分光光度法测定心脏、肺脏、大脑、气管、肌肉中Mo、Cd、Cu、Fe、Zn、Se含量。结果表明:钼镉及其联合诱导使各组织器官中Mo、Cd含量升高(P<0.01),Cu、Fe、Zn、Se含量降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),且钼镉联合组比单独组下降更明显,钼镉呈协同作用。 相似文献
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选用1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡120只系统研究日粮中添加高剂量的蛋氨酸铜对肉鸡免疫器官发育、铜含量和病理变化的影响.将肉仔鸡随机分成4组,使用蛋氨酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11 mg/kg,3个试验高铜组分别为:110、220、330 mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束.在36日龄,各组随机屠宰6只鸡,计算免疫器官的质量指数;测量60日龄各组免疫器官的铜含量并观察其组织病理变化.结果显示,添加110～330 mg/kg的蛋氨酸铜不同程度地降低了免疫器官的质量指数,极显著地增加了其铜残留量,各免疫器官的病理组织学变化不明显.结果表明,免疫器官中铜含量随日粮铜添加水平升高而升高,日粮中蛋氨酸铜质量浓度达到330 mg/kg都不会引起肉鸡免疫器官明显的病理性损伤. 相似文献
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【目的】研究和厚朴酚(honokiol, HNK)对镉(Cd)暴露引起动物肾脏损伤的保护作用。【方法】选取48只体重相近(61.05 g±2.00 g)、健康状况良好的1日龄三黄鸡随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复4只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Cd组在基础饲粮中添加70 mg/kg氯化镉,HNK组在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg HNK,联合处理组(HNK+Cd组)在基础饲粮中添加70 mg/kg氯化镉和400 mg/kg HNK,试验期30 d。【结果】与对照组相比,Cd组鸡肾脏中Cd含量、血清中尿酸(uric acid, UA)及肌酐(creatinine, CREA)含量均极显著升高(P<0.01),肾脏肾小囊腔隙增大,凋亡细胞数增多,肾组织中硒(Se)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)含量均极显著降低(P<0.01),锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)含量均极显著升高(P<0.01);HNK组鸡肾脏Zn、Fe含量极显著或显著升高(P<0.01;P<0.05),Cd、Se、Cu、Mn含量及血清UA、CREA含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与Cd组相比,HNK+Cd... 相似文献
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1～21日龄黄羽肉鸡锌需要量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在通过研究不同日粮锌(Zn)添加水平对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化机能、免疫功能、组织Zn沉积等的影响,并对相对敏感指标进行非线性回归模型分析,以探讨1～21日龄黄羽肉鸡的Zn需要量.选用1日龄健康、发育良好的快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡公雏鸡1440只,根据体重随机分成6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复40只鸡,处理1(空白对照组)为基础日粮,其中Zn水平为25 mg/kg,处理2、3、4、5、6日粮分别在基础日粮中添加20、40、60、80、120 mg/kg Zn.结果表明,日粮中添加各Zn水平均显著提高了试鸡平均日增重(P<0.05),添加80、120 mg/kg Zn显著提高了平均日采食量(P<0.05),添加60 mg/kg Zn显著降低了料重比(P<0.05).日粮中添加Zn显著提高了血清中谷胱甘肽(GSH)、Zn、金属硫蛋白(MT)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性(P<0.05),并显著增加了胫骨中Zn含量和肝脏中MT含量(P<0.05),其中添加60 mg/kg Zn对改善血清AKP活性和胫骨Zn含量效果最佳.日粮中添加40 mg/kg Zn显著提高了脾脏指数(P<0.05),添加20～80 mg/kg Zn显著提高了胸腺指数和法氏囊指数(P<0.05).试验结果提示,以平均日增重、血清AKP活性和胫骨Zn含量为衡量指标,并考虑基础日粮中Zn水平得出,1～21日龄阶段试鸡日粮Zn适宜水平均为85 mg/kg,通过非线性回归模型估测得到的日粮Zn适宜水平分别为99、96和93 mg/kg. 相似文献
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将80只1日龄艾维菌肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只鸡,对照组喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加硫酸铜10、50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg,试验期21 d.试验结果表明:随日粮铜添加水平的增加,肝脏、胫骨中铜含量有所增加,尤其是铜添加量为100 mg/kg时,肝脏、胫骨中铜含量都显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).肝脏、胫骨中铁含量随铜添加水平的升高而逐渐下降.肝脏、胫骨中锌含量也随铜添加水平的变化而变化. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮添加胍基乙酸(GAA)对爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡生长性能、血液学指标、脏器指数、组织同型半胱氨酸含量以及组织形态的影响,以系统评价AA肉仔鸡对GAA的耐受性。试验选用540只1日龄AA肉仔鸡公雏,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡。5组试鸡分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、800、1 600、4 000和8 000 mg/kg GAA的饲粮。试验期42 d,分为前期(1~21日龄)和后期(22~42日龄)2个阶段。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加800~4 000 mg/kg GAA显著提高了肉仔鸡前期、后期和全期平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低其后期和全期料重比(P0.05),但对各期平均日采食量均无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮添加8 000 mg/kg GAA组的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。饲粮添加800~8 000 mg/kg GAA对21、42日龄肉仔鸡血常规指标、血清生化指标、脏器指数和组织同型半胱氨酸含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮添加4 000、8 000 mg/kg GAA对肉仔鸡肝脏和肾脏组织形态无不良影响。由此可见,肉仔鸡饲粮中添加GAA对其生长性能、血液学指标、脏器指数、组织同型半胱氨酸含量和组织形态无不良影响,肉仔鸡可耐受8 000 mg/kg GAA。 相似文献
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磷酸泰乐菌素对早期断奶仔猪腹泻病预防效果的观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
将 2 1～ 2 8日龄的健康仔猪 1 6窝随机分成 4组 ,每组 4窝。Ⅰ组在日粮中添加磷酸泰乐菌素 33mg/kg;Ⅱ组在日粮中添加维生素C 5mg/kg和维生素E 5mg/kg ;Ⅲ组在日粮中添加 2 5mg/kg的磷酸泰乐菌素和维生素C 3mg/kg、维生素E 3mg/kg ;Ⅳ组为对照组 ,日粮中不添加任何药物。结果表明 :各试验组仔猪腹泻的发病率分别为 1 0 0 6 % ,1 6 67% ,3 33 % ,43 75 % ,试验组猪的发病率明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1 ) 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献