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十字花科芸苔属植物,尤其是其种子饼粕是饲料中硫代葡萄糖苷的主要来源,不同浓度和结构的硫代葡萄糖苷降解产物可以产生抗营养作用、毒害作用、保健作用等完全不同的生物作用。欧盟和我国都对饲料中异硫氰酸酯和噁唑烷硫酮的限量做了规定。针对异硫氰酸酯和噁唑烷硫酮的检测方法很多,但欧盟并没有推荐标准的检测方法。我国饲料中异硫氰酸酯和噁唑烷硫酮检测方法标准正在修订之中。因此,需要对硫代葡萄糖苷及其降解产物在动物中的生物作用进行重新认识和深入研究,并建立相应的检测方法标准,保障和促进油菜籽饼粕等十字花科植物及其副产物饲料的科学有效利用。本文旨在通过从饲料中硫代葡萄糖苷及其代谢产物异硫氰酸酯和噁唑烷硫酮的来源、生物作用、限量规定、检测方法、方法标准方面进行分析和总结,从而对饲料中硫代葡萄糖苷、异硫氰酸酯和噁唑烷硫酮的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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菜籽饼中粗蛋白质含量约33—38％,是家畜的一种较好的蛋白质饲料。但是,菜籽饼中含有硫葡萄糖甙,它被芥籽酶水解后,产生异硫氰酸盐,噁唑烷硫酮等有毒物质,影响家畜的生长发育,限制了菜籽饼的广泛利用。为了给生产上合理利用提供科学依据,我们在全省九个地州市三十五个县采集不同加工类型的菜籽饼样品四十七个、当前面上种植的主要油菜品种七个,引进的低毒 相似文献
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当前,养鸡常用蛋白质饲料如花生麸(又称花生饼)、鱼粉等价格较高,菜籽饼价格较便宜,且蛋白质含量较高,达37%。据报道,菜籽中无毒的硫糖甙,在芥籽酶的作用下即水解为异硫氰酸盐和(口恶)唑烷硫酮等有毒物质,高温能使芥籽酶失活。菜籽饼在机器压榨过程中,温度较高,估计其毒性较低。 相似文献
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菜籽饼是芸苔属几种油料作物榨油后的副产品。含蛋白质32-36％,氨基酸比较完全,是很好的蛋白质饲料。对猪的消化能约为2880大卡/公斤,代谢能2700大卡/公斤,对鸡的代谢能为1760大卡/公斤。油菜是我国的主要油料作物之一,菜籽饼产量很大。由于含有毒素,限制了菜籽饼作为蛋白质饲料的广泛使用。研究菜籽饼的脱毒方法,对扩大蛋白饲料来源有重要意义。菜籽饼含硫葡萄糖甙,经芥籽酶水解后产生异硫氰酸盐和嗯唑烷硫酮。硫葡萄糖甙对家畜无毒。水解后生成的异硫氰酸盐和嗯唑烷硫酮对家畜有毒,毒素主要作用于甲状腺,与甲状腺素结合,使促甲状腺过度分泌,形成甲状腺肿大。也影响肾上腺 相似文献
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所谡的“绿色饲料”实际上是指“无公害饲料”。无公害饲料应该具有三个基本特征：1、对饲喂对象产生危害的物质及其前体(注：前体是指本身无毒，但在动物消化道内可水解为有毒成分的化学物质，如菜籽饼粕中的硫葡萄糖苷本身无毒，但在动物消化道内可水解为易硫氰酸酯、噁唑烷硫酮等有毒成分)必须达标；2、对动物产品质量产生危害的物质及其前体必须达标；3、不含有加重动物排泄物对环境污染的物质及其前体。 相似文献
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<正> 3.噁唑烷硫酮(OZT) 测链上含有β—羟基的GS,如Z—羟—3—J基GS和2—羟—4—戊基GS,经芥子酶水解后产生的异硫氰酸盐在极性溶剂中会环化而生成噁唑烷硫酮。由于它的不挥发性,所以不能采取以蒸汽蒸馏为基础的重量法、银量法和碘量法来测定。 相似文献
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四川省目前种植的油菜绝大部分为夏熟甘蓝型品种,含毒量较低,特别是含异硫氰酸盐较低,经过加温机榨后,其含毒量又有大幅度的下降。为此,我们分析11个四川省油菜籽品种的样品和9个不同工艺加工的菜籽饼样品。分析结果,油菜籽的异硫氰酸盐平均含量为0.27%,噁唑烷硫酮平 相似文献
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<正> 据统计,我国菜籽饼(粕)年产量约为350万吨,仅次于加拿大,居世界第二位,但仅有5％用作饲料,其余均作为肥料消耗掉了。菜籽饼蛋白质含量约为38％～43％,相当于机榨大豆饼(40.2％)。一、菜籽饼粒所含毒素和抗营养因素 1.硫代葡萄糖甙(芥子甙) 菜籽饼中硫代葡萄糖甙是阴离子,以盐的形式存在于菜籽饼中。芥子甙本身对动物无毒性。但是,芥子甙在芥子酶的催化下可降解生成4种对动物的甲状腺、肝脏及肾脏有毒害作用的物质,即硫氰酸盐、异流氰酸盐、噁唑烷硫酮及腈类化合物。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献