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1.
常规饲养条件喂养的大群AA肉鸡，按临床症状分为肺动脉高压组（M组），肺动脉高压腹水组（S组）和正常对照组（C组）。分别测定21、28、35和42日龄S组、M组和C组肉鸡的腹水心脏指数（AHI）、全心与体重比（WH／BW）、平均肺动脉高压（mPAP）、血清一氧化氮（NO）水平、肺脏和血清cNOS和iNOS活性。试验结果表明：（1）S组和M组全心与体重比值（TV／BW）以及S组血清NO水平均从28日龄起显著或极显著高于C组（P〈O．01或P〈0．05）；（2）S组肺组织cNOS水平显著或极显著低于C组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；（3）S组肺组织iNOS在21、35和42日龄显著或极显著高于C组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；（4）S组从28日龄起血清中cNOS和iNOS与C组差异显著或极显著（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；（5）正常对照组肉鸡血清中iNOS活性在21、35和42日龄均显著或极显著低于血清中cNOS活性（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。此研究结果提示cNOS和iNOS活性的变化与PHS发病机理有着密切的关系，并在其中发挥着重要的作用。  相似文献   

2.
通过A、B、C、D4种方法对仔猪黄、白痢进行预防，结果表明：B、C、D3组比A组发病率分别减少51．73、61．33和64．81个百分点，死亡率分别降低8．91、14．13和18．26个百分点，差异极显著（P〈0．01）；B组仔猪平均断奶重高于A组10．69％，差异显著（P〈0．05）；C、D两组仔猪平均断奶重分别高于A组20．68％、21．24％，差异极显著（P〈0．01）；C、D两组的发病率均极显著地低于B组（P〈0．01），C组死亡率比B组减少5．22个百分点，差异显著（P〈0．05），D组死亡率比B组减少9．35个百分点，差异极显著（P〈0．01）；C、D两组仔猪平均断奶重高于B组9．02％、9．53％，差异均显著（P〈0．05）；D组的发病率、死亡率均显著低于C组（P〈0．05），D组仔猪平均断奶重高于C组0．47％，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；另外预防和治疗费用B、C、D3组分别比A组低1．04、0．71、0．64元／头，其中以B组费用最低，仅为0．09元／头。  相似文献   

3.
狂蝇蛆病对驯鹿体内抗氧化系统的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为探讨驯鹿狂蝇蛆病与机体氧自由基代谢的关系，分别对感染驯鹿和健康驯鹿血清中的微量元素硒（Se）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZnSOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和脂质过氧化终末产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量进行了测定。结果表明，感染组驯鹿血清Se含量极显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），而血清Zn、Cu含量差异不显著；感染组驯鹿血清GSH-Px活性极显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）；SOD活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05），CuZn-SOD显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）；CAT活性差异不显著；MDA含量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。表明机体患病后产生大量氧自由基，导致抗氧化能力降低，引发脂质过氧化损伤。  相似文献   

4.
内皮素-1对肉鸡腹水综合征发生发展的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
利用放射免疫分析方法，分别测定了35日龄正常组、轻度腹水组、重度腹水组肉鸡血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）、心钠素（ANP）的含量以及心、肝、肺、肾等组织ET-1的含量，并测定了腹水心脏指数（AHI）、平均右心室压（mRVP）和平均肺动脉压（mPAP）；同时还用硝酸还原酶法测定了血清中一氧化氮（NO）的水平。结果发现，随腹水程度的加深，mRVP、mPAP、AHI极显著（P〈0．01）升高，肉鸡血浆ET-1、ANP和组织中ET-1的含量以及血清NO浓度也显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）升高，且重度腹水组高于轻度腹水组；另外还发现，血浆ET-1、ANP与mPAP、AHI以及心脏ET-1含量之间相关性显著（P〈0．05），而血清NO含量与上述指标之间无明显的相关性（P〉0．05）。结果表明ET-1、ANP、NO均参与了肉鸡AS的发生和发展过程并在其中起着重要作用，其中ET-1、ANP与肉鸡发生腹水的程度有密切的关系。  相似文献   

5.
采用3只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的萨能母山羊为试验动物．试验分为4期，每期6d。每期为一个处理。对照组：基础日粮；处理Ⅰ：基础日粮＋15g蛋氨酸；处理Ⅱ：基础日粮＋15g蛋氨酸＋0．15g拉沙里菌素；处理Ⅱ：基础日粮＋15g蛋氨酸＋0．20g拉沙里菌素。每期的最后一天为血样的采样日，采样日的采样时间点为3个，即当日早晨饲喂前（0h）、饲喂后2h和5h。血样经处理后．测定样本中血浆游离蛋氨酸（PFM）的含量和有关酶的活性。试验结果表明：不同处理之间，在0h处理Ⅲ的谷氨酸脱氢酶（GLDH）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）活性显著高于对照组（P＜0．05），谷草转氨酶（GOT）极显著低于对照组（P＜0．01），谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），处理ⅡGOT活性极显著低于对照组和处理Ⅰ（P〈0．01）；在2h处理ⅡGGT活性显著低于处理Ⅱ（P＜0．05），极显著低于处理Ⅰ（P〈0．01），处理ⅢGPT活性显著高于处理Ⅱ（P〈0．05），极显著高于对照组和处理Ⅰ（P＜0．01）；在5h处理IGGT活性显著高于处理Ⅱ（P＜0．05），处理ⅢGPT活性极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），处理Ⅰ的PFM水平在0、2、5h均极显著高于对照组、处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅱ（P〈0．01）；不同处理内，处理Ⅰ的0hGGT活性显著低于2、5h（P〈0．05）。5h的PFM水平显著高于0、2h（P〈0．05），处理Ⅲ的5hGGT活性低于0h（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

6.
通过饲养试验研究日粮VA和油脂对肉鸡β-胡萝卜素-15及15＇-加双氧酶活性的影响。结果表明：无VA组的血清、肝脏VA水平低于对照组（P〈0．01），小肠和肝脏βCDIOX活性显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）；硬脂酸组、豆油组肝脏VA水平低于对照组（P〈0．01），豆油组的肠黏膜和肝脏βCDIOX活性高于对照组（P〉0．05），硬脂酸组的肠黏膜βCDIOX活性低于对照组，肝脏βCDIOX活性高于对照组，但差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。结果证实：日粮VA水平和油脂组成均不同程度的影响机体β-胡萝卜素-15及15’-加双氧酶活性，进而影响β-胡萝卜素的体内转化。  相似文献   

7.
分别给新生正常和子宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）仔猪口饲胰岛素,研究仔猪血浆中胰岛素水平的变化,以及外源性胰岛素对新生仔猪体内糖代谢的影响。结果证实：人工饲喂3d后,血浆中胰岛素浓度极显著提高（P〈0．01）;肝糖原含量极显著降低（P〈0．01）;血浆中胰岛素水平,正常仔猪Ⅰ组显著高于M组（P〈0．05）;LDH活性,M组和Ⅰ组显著高于N组（P〈0．05）,Ⅰ组低于M组（P〉0．05）;MDH活性和血浆中葡萄糖浓度没有显著变化（P〉0．05）。上述结果证明：仔猪出生0～3d,糖代谢发生剧烈变化,口饲胰岛素使正常仔猪血浆中胰岛素水平显著提高,但对仔猪糖代谢影响不显著。  相似文献   

8.
腹水综合征肉鸡氧自由基变化规律   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  
利用自然病例，采取分组（对照组，轻度腹水综合征组和重度腹水综合征组）对比的方法，分别用硫代巴比妥酸法和羟胺法测定了肉鸡血清和主要组织（心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏）丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性。结果表明，与对照组肉鸡比较，轻度腹水综合征组肉鸡血清和主要组织MDA含量降低（P＜0．05）或显著降低（P＜0．01），SOD活性升高（P＜0．05）或显著升高（P＜0．01）；而重度腹水综合征组肉鸡血清和主要组织MDA含量升高（P＜0．05）或显著升高（P＜0．01），SOD活性显著降低（P＜0．01）。间接证明了氧自由基和氧化损伤参与了肉鸡腹水综合征的病理过程，氧自由基产生水平与肉鸡腹水综合征病情的轻重有关。  相似文献   

9.
选择健康的14日龄三黄鸡375羽（311．31±7．49g），按同质原则随机分成5组，正对照组为正常有效磷水平，中鸡料和大鸡料有效磷水平分别为0．40％和0．35％；负对照组日粮有效磷水平降低0．05％，中鸡料和大鸡料有效磷水平分别为0．35％和0．30％），产品1组、产品2组、产品3组分别为负对照组基础上分别添加3个不同厂家的植酸酶产品。结果表明：（1）15～52日龄负对照组平均日增重显著低于正对照组（P〈0．05），料肉比有高于正对照组的趋势（P〈0．10）；添加植酸酶的各组中，除产品3组外，其它组的采食量均显著低于正对照组（P〈0．05），产品3组的日增重显著高于正负对照组（P〈0．05）。（2）负对照组胫骨灰分、钙、磷含量显著低于正对照组（P〈0．05）。植酸酶添加组中，产品3组的胫骨灰分、钙、磷含量均与正对照组无显著差异，且产品3组的胫骨灰分和钙、磷含量显著高于负对照组（P〈0．05）；产品2组的胫骨灰分和钙含量与正对照组无显著差异，而磷含量显著低于正对照组（P〈0．05）；产品1组胫骨灰分、钙、磷含量均显著低于正对照组（P〈0．05）。由此可知，日粮可以通过添加植酸酶降低饲料无机磷的含量，但不同植酸酶产品的效果存在差异；本试验中，产品3植酸酶的效果相对较好.  相似文献   

10.
采取低温冷冻法、冷冻干燥法提取黄芪多糖,将两种方法提取的黄芪多糖配成制剂（400mg／kg）灌喂大白鼠15d,检测13项血液生理指标及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、尿素（UREA）、总胆固醇（TC）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、葡萄糖（Glu）的活性。结果表明：低温冷冻组、冷冻干燥组白细胞总数（WBC）显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,低温冷冻组Lym、Mid％极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,冷冻干燥组中值细胞百分数（Mid％）显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;低温冷冻组、冷冻干燥组血红蛋白浓度（HGB）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（McHc）显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;低温冷冻组的TP、Glu活性极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,AST、UREA活性极显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）,冷冻于燥组对照组TP、Glu活性显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,AST、UREA活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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