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为提高警犬追踪能力，提高训犬员掌握、熟悉犬的作业能力，增强训练与现场使用的有机结合，2006年，我队进行了一次模拟现场条件，利用警犬追踪的综合性训练考核。在这次考核中，共有3头追踪犬参加。其中2头犬追踪顺利，另一头犬追踪失败。考核条件是迹线长度1000米，2个人为设置角度，2个物品，迹线延时3小时。要求追踪在20分钟内完成。 相似文献
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警犬追踪要想获得良好的使用效果,除了使用条件和犬作业水平外,与带犬民警临场经验的积累和发挥有关。因为警犬追踪是在外界条件下进行的,各种干扰不可避免。人、畜、车辆流动的干扰,各种复杂的气味对嗅觉的干扰,硬质地面和恶劣气候等干扰,都会不同程度地影响犬作业。在这种情况下,发挥人的作用就显得十分重要。因此,警犬追踪使用中,如果做到几个结合,就能获得良好的使用效果。 相似文献
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正在刑侦工作中,警犬技术常被用于各类案件的现场勘查。使用警犬追踪是警犬技术现场使用的手段之一。警犬追踪主要依靠的是警犬灵敏的嗅觉,目的是通过警犬寻找和跟踪罪犯气味,从而发现犯罪嫌疑人的足迹、作案轨迹、作案工具等案件线索,为案件侦破指明方向、提供有价值的线索或物证,甚至可以发现犯罪嫌疑人或追缉犯罪嫌疑人。使用警犬进行追踪的主要优点是:简单、快捷、高效。本文重点谈谈在以下五种地理环境下,警犬在追踪过程中出现断踪的处理方法。 相似文献
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把握好起点选择环节,结合现场勘查工作,找准使用警犬追踪的切入点在现场使用警犬工作中,发现可供警犬使用的嗅源,找准使用警犬追踪的切入点是首要环节。在起点选择上应当在把握＂嗅源条件好、干扰因素小＂的原则的基础上,尝试从以下几个方面入手抓住切入点。 相似文献
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一、追踪训练与使用存在的差距(一)环境差距．目前，追踪训练多在清静环境中进行。虽然，在本科目形成条件反射后也逐步向复杂环境过渡，但环境的复杂程度和现场使用还相去甚远。如中心现场在村落或市内住宅区的环境，由于犬在训练时较少接触，所以作业便受各种因素(如人、车、畜、异味等)的影响很大，发挥作用很小。 相似文献
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一、警犬技术在刑事案件现场的使用遇到瓶颈
以毕节市为例,警犬技术面对的主要困难有以下几点：
（一）农村的城市化程度使得城乡差距日益缩小,公路网基本成型,警犬长线追踪受到很大限制。传统的警犬追踪技术在这种地理环境下完全没有了用武之地。一方面,警犬追踪所需要的训练场地环境不容易找到;另一方面,警犬追踪所需要的案件现场使用条件也不多。在日益城市化的今天,大多数案件现场周边环境十分复杂,发达的交通以及来往的人员车辆,早已将现场外围环境进行了彻底地破坏,警犬在这样的案件现场进行追踪无疑十分困难,发挥作用也就十分渺茫。 相似文献
以毕节市为例,警犬技术面对的主要困难有以下几点：
（一）农村的城市化程度使得城乡差距日益缩小,公路网基本成型,警犬长线追踪受到很大限制。传统的警犬追踪技术在这种地理环境下完全没有了用武之地。一方面,警犬追踪所需要的训练场地环境不容易找到;另一方面,警犬追踪所需要的案件现场使用条件也不多。在日益城市化的今天,大多数案件现场周边环境十分复杂,发达的交通以及来往的人员车辆,早已将现场外围环境进行了彻底地破坏,警犬在这样的案件现场进行追踪无疑十分困难,发挥作用也就十分渺茫。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献