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重楼属９种５变种花粉活力与柱头可授性特性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用ＴＴＣ 法测定重楼属９种５变种花粉活力,用联苯胺－ 过氧化氢法测定其柱头的可授性。结果表明,１）重楼属植物在自然条件下的花粉活力均较低,最高的为凌云重楼,可达52.8％,其余种类都在５０％以下;２）不同种类之间、同种不同变种以及同种不同居群之间花粉的活力差异较大;３）不同种类重楼的柱头可授性差异较大,但同种不同居群间柱头可授性比较一致;４）黑籽重楼和巴山重楼的柱头一直没有可授性,五指莲、金线重楼、多叶重楼、长柱重楼、卵叶重楼、七叶一枝花和狭叶重楼的柱头可授性与花粉活力呈正相关,而凌云重楼、卷瓣重楼、短瓣球药隔重楼和滇重楼却没有这种关联性;５）在整个开花传粉过程中,重楼的花药每天都重复着上午开裂、傍晚关闭的变化。 相似文献
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在科尔沁沙地西部地区选取长势一致乌丹蒿植株,定株观察其开花动态和花后柱头的形态变化,并用TTC法检测花粉活力,用联苯胺—过氧化氢法检测其柱头可授性。结果表明:乌丹蒿整体开花格局是从上至下,头状花序内的小花是由外向内逐次开放,头状花序开花持续时间为3~7d,单株花期最长时间为19d;花粉寿命长达4d,在开花后第3d花粉活力最高,为47.12%;最佳授粉期为开花后3~4d;柱头可授性时间为6d,边缘花开花后第3d柱头的可授性最强;乌丹蒿花粉活力最高期与柱头可授性最佳期同时进行。 相似文献
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主要对不同产地的藿香花粉活力、柱头可授性及花粉形态特征进行研究。各产地藿香花粉活力检测经过多种方法筛选后选择红墨水法,柱头可授性测定采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法,并利用扫描电镜对不同产地藿香的花粉形态进行观察。结果表明,在自然条件下,各产地开花习性较为一致,均在7至8月开花,群体花期15~28 d,单花花期约为3~5 d。不同产地藿香花粉活力随着开花时间的延长均表现出先升高后降低的趋势,平均花粉活力在18.46%~26.52%之间。5个产地当中,成都产地藿香平均花粉活力最高,长春产地藿香花粉活力最低。花粉寿命在4~5 d之间,柱头可授性可持续5~6 d。同时,在藿香刚开花第1天各产地柱头具可授性,在2~3 d内,具有较强的可授性。因而,不同产地藿香进行人工授粉最佳时期为开花后2~3 d。此外,不同产地藿香花粉粒形状主要为近球形或椭球形。花粉粒大小在42.93 μm×31.99 μm~46.59 μm×37.67 μm之间,均具6条萌发沟,萌发沟狭长、裂痕近两极。花粉外壁纹饰呈网状,网眼为不规则多角形,近圆形,大小不一。本文较为系统的比较了不同产地藿香花粉活力、柱头可授性及花粉形态,以期为藿香的人工栽培以及良种繁育提供理论依据。 相似文献
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3种野生葱属植物花粉活力和柱头可授性研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用TTC法、孢粉染色法及联苯胺—过氧化氢法,从花粉活力、花粉可育性及柱头可授性方面研究了蒙古韭Alliummongolicum、碱韭A.polyrhizum和细叶韭A.tenuissi mum3种野生葱属植物的传粉生物学特征。结果表明:3种野生葱属植物的花粉活力和可育率均较高,分别为蒙古韭73.40%±2.94%,79.44%±2.83%;碱韭71.23%±4.39%,84.32%±1.63%;细叶韭80.62%±4.11%,70.93%±4.86%。三者花粉活力下降快,花粉寿命约为8 h,最佳传粉期为开花后3~4 h。三者的柱头均具较高的可授性,可授性持续5 d左右,最佳授粉期为2 d左右。 相似文献
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在试验地观察了冷蒿的开花动态,用TTC法测定了冷蒿花序花粉的活力,采用联苯胺—过氧化氢法测定了其柱头的可授性.结果表明,冷蒿花序的开花顺序是自上而下的,小花的开放是自外轮至中央小花.冷蒿的花粉活力在盛花期开花之初很低,第2～3d花粉活力较高,随后活力明显下降,但直至其花序枯萎,少量的花粉仍具有部分活力.花粉寿命较长,约为20d.冷蒿边缘雌花柱头的可授性在开花当天就具有,并且持续时间较长,在第2～3d可授性最强.中央两性小花柱头可授性要稍晚于边缘小花,但是在开花后第2～3d可授性也达到最高,其可授性时间也较长.柱头可授性的最佳时期为开花后第2～3d.冷蒿的最佳授粉期在开花后2～3d左右. 相似文献
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该研究旨在通过定点观察与人工授粉等方法,为黄菖蒲生殖生物学与杂交育种提供理论依据。对引种多年的黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)的花器官特征、开花动态、花粉形态及活力、柱头可授性、繁育习性与访花昆虫进行了观察与研究,结果表明,黄菖蒲在南京地区为4月下—5月上开花,雌雄异熟;花粉活力与柱头可授性均为开花当天最强,随后下降;雌雄异位,开花过程中柱头向下弯曲,雄蕊始终短于柱头;花粉/胚珠比380.4,杂交指数为5。黄菖蒲的繁育习性为异交为主,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者,自然状态下存在花粉限制,不存在无融合生殖现象,黑纹食蚜蝇为潜在传粉者。 相似文献
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扁穗牛鞭草花粉活力及柱头可授性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用离体萌发法测定扁穗牛鞭草花粉生活力及不同保存条件下花粉寿命,运用联苯胺-过氧化氢法对大棚和大田开花植株柱头可授性进行研究.结果表明:扁穗牛鞭草花粉离体萌发率为65.67%;室温(27℃)下,干燥保存的花粉寿命为3h,湿润保存的花粉寿命为4h;外界环境因子对扁穗牛鞭草柱头可授性影响较大,大棚(平均温度27℃,平均相对湿度65%)、大田(平均温度25℃,平均相对湿度75.9%)两条件下柱头可授性随时间变化差异性显著(P<0.01);大棚内扁穗牛鞭草植株柱头可授期为花后1～5d,大田条件下柱头可授期为花后1～3d. 相似文献
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为了揭示夹金山3种同域分布绿绒蒿的传粉生态学特点与繁育系统差异，以全缘叶绿绒蒿、川西绿绒蒿、红花绿绒蒿为研究对象，观测植株的花期物候与传粉媒介，并采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法与氯化三苯基四氮唑（TTC）染色法分别检测柱头可授性与花粉活力。结果表明：1）全缘叶绿绒蒿的花期比川西绿绒蒿和红花绿绒蒿提前近1个月，后两者的花期接近，但三者花期均有重叠。2)3种绿绒蒿柱头可授性持续时间均达5 d以上，且第3至4天时可授性最强。3）在散粉后的8 h内，全缘叶绿绒蒿和川西绿绒蒿的花粉活力随时间延长而下降，红花绿绒蒿的花粉活力呈先升高后降低的趋势。4）全缘叶绿绒蒿花粉胚珠比为990±28，川西绿绒蒿为2050±596，两者之间有显著差异（P<0.05）；红花绿绒蒿为1380±202，与前两者无显著差异。且3种绿绒蒿均属于兼性异交。5)3种绿绒蒿有着相同的传粉者麻蝇；其中访问全缘叶绿绒蒿的昆虫种类最多；访问红花绿绒蒿的昆虫比较单一，但数量最多；访问川西绿绒蒿的昆虫数量最少。综上，3种绿绒蒿在繁育系统上表现出差异性：全缘叶绿绒蒿花期和柱头可授期最长，柱头可授性最强，授粉昆虫种类最多，弥补了花粉活力衰减快的... 相似文献
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大花萱草‘金娃娃’的花器结构和繁育系统观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过观察,运用杂交指数、花粉/胚珠、花粉及柱头活力、坐果率等指标对大花萱草‘金娃娃’(Hemerocallis hybridus cv.‘Stella de oro’)的花部特征、开花动态及授粉特性等进行研究。在人工栽培条件下,金娃娃萱草5-9月开花,花苔分3～4次抽生,首次开花群体花期32 d,单苔花期9～16 d,单花花期1 d。雄蕊短于花柱,花药与柱头相差2.71 cm,在花朵开放的整个过程中雌、雄蕊的相对位置始终不变。开花前1 d的花粉活力最强,开花前1 d和开花当天的柱头具有较强的可授性。杂交指数为4,花粉/胚珠值为1 164,结合坐果率,可以判断其繁育系统属于兼性异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者。特殊的花部结构、缺少传粉者和花期短可能是金娃娃萱草结实率较低的原因。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献