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亚硒酸钠维生素E对奶牛生产性能的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用对比试验设计,中国荷斯坦牛试验组与对照组各为30头,试验组30头奶牛围产期(产前、产后15d)开始补喂亚硒酸钠维生素E粉。每天补喂2次,每次15g,产前补喂15d,产后补喂15d。结果表明,试验组奶牛胎衣不下率明显低于对照组;试验组奶牛产后第1次发情平均时间比对照组缩短6d,试验组奶牛产后空怀平均时间比对照组缩短7d;试验组确定妊娠29头比对照组确定妊娠27头多2头,并且情期受胎率和总受胎率试验组比对照组高14%和7%,差异显著(P<0.05);平均产奶量试验组比对照组高12.50%,差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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补硒对预防乳牛胎衣滞留及乳房炎的效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
补硒对预防乳牛胎衣滞留及乳房炎的效果李学武，胡守堂（北京市长阳农场四队牛场·房山·１０２４０１）母牛产后胎衣滞留是奶牛主要的产科疾病，可引起产奶量下降，延长母牛产后发情及配种时间，尤其本病可继发子宫内膜炎而导致不孕，使许多有价值的乳牛被迫提前淘汰，给... 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2020,(5)
本研究旨在探讨围产期奶牛饲料中补充维生素E和硒对产后奶牛氧化应激以及繁殖能力的影响。试验选取泌乳量大于10 L/d的奶牛26头,随机分为2组(n=13头)。对照组饲喂基础日粮饲料,不添加任何补充剂;试验组在基础日粮(干物质基础)上补充80 IU/kg维生素E和0.3 mg/kg硒。从产前4周到产后8周,每周采集血样,检测血液中氧化应激指标及评估免疫水平,通过产后第1次发情时间间隔和妊娠率对产后繁殖性能进行评估。结果表明:试验组奶牛血清丙二醛含量较正常组显著降低,总抗氧化能力显著升高,超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低,过氧化氢酶活性显著降低:分娩当天、产后1周和产后3～8周时,试验组吞噬细胞活性较对照组显著升高:在分娩当天、产后第4周和第8周,试验组血清中淋巴细胞均显著高于对照组;添加维生素E与硒对产后第1次发情时间和妊娠率具有显著影响。可见,围产期奶牛饲料中补充维生素E和硒可减轻分娩对机体造成的应激反应并提高其繁殖性能。 相似文献
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为研究维生素E和硒对围产期奶牛健康的影响,试验选择年龄、胎次相同,预产期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分成2组试验组为自由舔饲维生素E富硒舔砖组,对照组为不补饲维生素E富硒舔砖组,试验期90d(从预产前60d到产后30d).结果表明,试验组奶牛血液中维生素E的含量在产后12h和产后30d均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),血液中硒的含量在产前30d、产后12h和产后30d均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).试验组奶牛乳房炎、胎衣不下、子宫内膜炎疾病的发病率分别比对照组降低83.3%、80%、75%. 相似文献
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奶牛产前补硒和维生素E预防胎衣不下试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在缺硒地区 ,对 98头荷斯坦奶牛进行了产前补硒和VE预防胎衣不下的对比试验。结果表明 ,产前 3 0天补硒和VE的试验组 ,奶牛胎衣不下发病率为 8.3 % ,未补硒和VE的对照组 ,奶牛胎衣不下发病率为 18.4%。试验组比对照组降低发病率 10 .1个百分点 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。 相似文献
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奶牛乳腺炎在临产和泌乳期奶牛中发病率较高,严重影响乳腺健康和牛奶生产,对世界范围内的奶牛业造成重大经济损失。微量元素硒可降低奶牛乳腺炎的发病率和严重程度。本文从硒与奶牛乳腺炎的关系、硒在炎症中对先天性免疫和获得性免疫的调节作用以及硒对炎症相关信号转导机制的调控等几个方面进行了综述,为通过饲粮补硒以改善奶牛乳腺健康提供理论支持。 相似文献
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奶牛产前补硒和维生素E预防胎衣不下的试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
张照喜 《兽药与饲料添加剂》2002,7(6):16-17
在缺硒地区，对98头荷斯坦奶牛进行了产前补硒和VE预防胎衣不下的对比试验。结果表明：产前30天补硒和VE的试验组，奶牛胎衣不下发病率8.3%，未补硒和VE的对照组，奶牛胎衣不下发病率18.4%。试验组比对照降低发病率10.1个百分点，差异显著（P＜0.05)。 相似文献
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干乳期补充钙、亚硒酸钠维生素E对预防奶牛产后疾病和提高繁殖率的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
奶牛产后瘫痪、乳房炎及产后泛情不排卵等是影响奶牛正常生产和繁殖生产性能的重要因素。近年来，为了预防和降低成年奶牛产后瘫痪、乳房炎的发病率，进一步提高能繁母牛的繁殖率，我们于１９９９年３月－７月间，对奶牛专业村农户饲养的成年奶牛，采取了干乳期给奶牛补充钙、亚硒酸钠维生素E的措施，对预防奶牛产后瘫痪、乳房炎、胎衣不下等病及提高奶牛繁殖率均取得了明显效果，现将试验情况总结如下。１．药品：市售１０％葡萄糖酸钙、亚硒酸钠维生素E粉（每袋１００g，每g含亚硒酸钠０．４mg、维生素E１０IU）。２．试验动物及用药方… 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献