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1.
为了深入探讨奶牛变形蹄的发病机理及对奶牛变形蹄的预防和治疗提供更科学的理论依据,选择长沙地区20头荷斯坦奶牛,系统检测了变形蹄和正常蹄奶牛在夏季(6月份)和冬季(12月份)血液流变学主要指标。结果:夏季时,1S-1、3S-1、5S-1、10S-1、30S-1、60S-1切变率下,变形蹄奶牛全血粘度高于正常蹄奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05)。变形蹄奶牛低切全血还原粘度极显著高于正常蹄奶牛(P<0.01)。变形蹄奶牛红细胞压积高于正常蹄奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05)。冬季时,5S-1、10S-1、30S-1、200S-1切变率下,变形蹄奶牛全血粘度高于正常蹄奶牛(P<0.05)。变形蹄奶牛血浆粘度高于正常蹄奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05)。变形蹄奶牛红细胞沉降率较快,也有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:变形蹄奶牛与全血粘度增高和红细胞聚集性增强具有相关性。  相似文献   

2.
对包头市九原区散养牛户和某公司奶牛场共计754头奶牛的变形蹄及蹄病进行调查，结果显示；变形蹄牛较正常蹄形牛更易发生蹄病（P〈0．01），尤其产奶量高的牛更易发生变形蹄和蹄病（P〈0．01），且变形蹄占37．7％，变形蹄以延蹄为主。发生过蹄病的奶牛达39．84％，而且以多蹄并发为主。因蹄病淘汰的牛占总淘汰牛的19.4％，仅次于中毒病、代谢病的淘汰率。同时成年奶牛的变形蹄和蹄病发病率随胎次增高呈上升趋势，而且蹄病发生率与父系关系差异显著（P〈0．01）。奶牛发生变形蹄和蹄病后的产奶量显著下降。  相似文献   

3.
研究利用人工气候仓模拟热应激环境,建立热应激仔猪模型。试验以64头2月龄中国试验用小型猪为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组、高温应激组、中草药复方提取物工治疗组和中草药复方提取物Ⅱ治疗组,通过Wintrobe测试分析红细胞压积,同时采用血液流变自动分析系统分析全血黏度等血液流变学参数,以期研究中草药复合提取物对热应激仔猪血液流变学指标影响的动态变化。结果显示：应激组仔猪全血黏度高切变率值在第10天显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,红细胞变形指数在第6天和第10天显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,红细胞压积在第1、3、6、10天均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。治疗组添加中草药提取物复合制剂后,血液流变学指标得到了明显恢复,尤其在热应激的第10天疗效果最明显（P〈0．05）。试验结果说明,热应激刺激对仔猪健康有显著影响,中草药提取复合物可以降低这种热应激产生的生理损伤,其中中草药提取复合物Ⅱ效果优于中草药提取复合物Ⅰ。  相似文献   

4.
用血液流变学方法测定了27匹健康成年骡和188例病骡的全血黏度、还原全血黏度以及血细胞压积、红细胞电泳时间。结果显示：随着舌色由淡红、红、赤红、暗红的转变，7种切变率下的全血黏度、还原全血黏度以及血细胞压积、红细胞电泳时间逐渐增加。其中全血黏度、还原全血黏度、血细胞压积差异显著或极显著（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。淡红、红、赤红、暗红四种舌色的全血黏度和还原全血黏度均随着切变率的增加而逐渐降低。这一结果说明，血液流变学主要指标与家畜舌色之间存在密切关系。  相似文献   

5.
研究季节对延边黄牛卵巢质量和卵母细胞的数量、质量、体外成熟以及核移植重组胚发育的影响。持续1年采集延边黄牛卵巢,分级卵巢,抽取卵巢表面直径2～8mm的卵泡内的卵母细胞,收集后进行体外成熟和重组胚的体外培养。结果表明,1级卵巢的比例在春冬季时明显高于秋季（P〈0．05）,2级卵巢的比例在春夏季高于冬季（P〈0．05）,秋季的3级卵巢比例最高,与其他季节有显著差异（P〈0．05）;在秋冬季,平均每个卵巢拣出卵母细胞数高于春夏季（P〈0．05）,成熟率上,秋季显著高于春夏季（P〈0．05）,但与冬季并无差异且其他各组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;卵裂率上,秋季与春季有差异（P〈0．05）,但与其他季节无显著差异（P〉0．05）,囊胚率上,各组之间均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。通过研究发现,季节对延边黄牛卵母细胞的可用回收数量及其质量都会产生影响且秋季为延边黄牛体细胞核移植实验最适合季节。  相似文献   

6.
胎衣不下奶牛围产期血液流变学指标变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
测定胎衣不下(RFM)奶牛围产期的血液流变学指标变化,为采取有效的预防和治疗措施提供依据。对25头胎衣不下奶牛和30头正常奶牛,使用锥／板法测定不同切变率的全血粘度,使用全自动激光衍射法测定红细胞变形能力。对照组全血粘度随妊娠时间推移,在妊娠后期显著或极显著降低。RFM组在切变率为150／s时未见显著降低变化,切变率为38／s、10／s、5／s有降低表现,但显著高于对照组(妊娠275d),分娩后10 d显著高于产后第1天。PCV随妊娠时间推移呈降低变化,妊娠275 d对照组显著降低(P<0.05),产后第1天两组均呈升高变化,对照组显著升高(P<0.05),随后两组各时间点均显著或极显著降低。红细胞变形指数产后呈降低变化,其中RFM组产后第1天显著低于产前,第30天显著低于产后第1天。积分面积在妊娠第275天对照组极显著增加,两组产后第1天均显著低于产前,RFM组产后第10天极显著低于第1天(P<0.01)。以上结果提示产前和产后血液粘度处于较高水平和产后红细胞变形能力的持续低下是RFM奶牛血液流变学的异常变化。降低分娩前后的血液粘度和提高产后红细胞变形能力可能有效减少RFM和其他围产期疾病的发病率。  相似文献   

7.
利用采自纯系蛋用黄羽鹌鹑健康群体的血样，对黄羽鹌鹑的血液细胞学和主要血液生理学参数进行了研究。结果表明，黄羽鹌鹑的血液细胞形态与鸡和其它禽类相似。黄羽鹤鹑的红细胞数量、凝血细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容均存在性别差异，其中红细胞数量、凝血细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容雄性均显著高于雌性（P〈0．05），凝血细胞数量雌性显著高于雄性（P〈0．01）。凝血细胞长度比红细胞短，其宽度与红细胞差异不显著（P〉0．05）。3周龄和7周龄比较红细胞数量、凝血细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容均无显著差异（P〉0．05），白细胞数量和分类以及各类白细胞的大小在性别和周龄间均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。  相似文献   

8.
母猪念行为与血液流变学的相关性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
对母猪念亲行为与血液流变学的相关性进行了研究，结果表明，其念新行为与血液粘度红细胞压积、血凝时间均呈负相关，与血沉速度呈正相关，即抑郁型母猪的血液粘度、红细胞压积值均较正常高，血凝时间较正常快，血沉速度较正常慢，与对照组比较，差异极显著（P＜0．01）；兴奋型母猪的血液粘度、红细胞压积值均较正常低，血沉速度较正常稍快，与对照组比较，差异显著（P＜0．05）。  相似文献   

9.
目的：研究裙带菜膳食纤维对大鼠红细胞膜及血小板细胞膜流动性，为裙带菜膳食纤维利用提供实验依据。方法：将60只正常大鼠分为正常对照组，水不溶性裙带菜膳食纤维低剂量组（5％）、高剂量组（10％），连续30d颈总动脉插管取抗凝血，测定其荧光偏振度ρ、求得微粘度η、细胞膜流动LFU。结果：裙带菜膳食纤维组的血小板细胞膜的流动性明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），而荧光偏振度及血小板细胞的微粘度明显低于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论：裙带菜膳食纤维可增强大鼠红细胞膜及血小板细胞膜的流动性。  相似文献   

10.
本试验旨在研究脱酚棉籽蛋白替代奶牛日粮中不同比例豆粕对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响。选用3头经产的中国荷斯坦泌乳中期奶牛,安装永久瘤胃瘘管,前后对照试验设计,日粮包括对照组、50%颗粒替代组（试验Ⅰ组）和100％颗粒替代组（试验Ⅱ组）,共3期,每期17d。结果表明：（1）随着替代水平的升高,奶牛瘤胃内pH呈升高趋势。对照组pH平均值与其它两组差异显著（P〈0．05）;（2）三个处理组奶牛瘤胃液内NH3-N浓度平均值依次增加,其中对照组与试验Ⅱ组差异显著（P〈0．05）;（3）对照组瘤胃液内的乙酸、丙酸浓度平均值显著高于其他组（P〈0．05）,试验Ⅰ组高于试验Ⅱ组（P〉0．05）,对照组乙酸丙酸比值平均值明显低于其他组（P〈0．05）。试验Ⅰ组低于试验Ⅱ组（P〉0．05）。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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