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报道了甲壳胺（ｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎ）及Ｎ－亚甲基甲壳胺（Ｎ－ｍｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎ）对贻贝酶解液中各种氨基酸吸附情况。在一定ｐＨ（６．０）及浓度（９４５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）下：（１）甲壳胺对贻贝酶解液中各种氨基酸的吸附，其中，对Ｔｙｒ，Ｐｈｅ，Ｈｉｓ，Ａｒｇ，Ａｓｐ及Ｇｌｕ的吸附率较高；（２）Ｎ－亚甲基甲壳胺对贻贝酶解液中Ｈｉｓ，Ａｒｇ，Ｔｙｒ，Ｉｌｅｕ，Ｍｅｔ及Ｌｙｓ吸附率较高；（３）甲壳胺和Ｎ 相似文献
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木瓜蛋白酶经戊二醛固定于自制的甲壳质上制成固定化木瓜蛋白酶，其水解甲壳胺的最佳条件是：45℃，pH4.0的1％的甲壳胺溶液（醋酸缓冲液配置），酶／底物比1：3．5（质量比）。震荡反应24h后，用超滤器分离不同分子量的甲壳胺低聚糖产物，结果产物中分子量小于10000的甲壳胺低聚糖得率约为45．55％，分子量小于5000的约为34．0％，优于游离木瓜蛋白酶水解甲壳胺的效果。此固定化酶可反复使用至少10次以上，总反应时间达192h，提高了酶的使用效率和酶解效果。 相似文献
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贻贝粉酶解液中系统提取分离氨基酸 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文报道了以脱脂贻贝粉为原料，采用酶解法从其酶解液中分离，提取及纯化复合氨基酸和六种单一氨基酸的工艺。确定了贻贝粉以胃蛋白酶、枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶联合的酶解工艺，采用超滤方法去除酶解液中未水解的蛋白质等大分子物质及进行脱色处理。将超滤液通过７０１＃［ＣＯ＝］型碱性阴离子交换树脂及［Ｈ＋］型１×２５强酸性阳离子交换树脂脱盐，得到的脱盐液经真空浓缩、结晶、洗涤和烘干得复合氨基酸粉末，得率为２０％左右（相对子贻贝粉，ｗ／ｗ，下同）。将超滤液通过活性炭柱吸附苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸，再用洗脱液洗下，经浓缩、结晶、洗涤和烘干得单一氨基酸成品，Ｌ－苯丙氨酸得率为２．４５％，Ｌ－酪氨酸得率为１．２１％。活性炭柱的通过液经７３２强酸性阳离子交换树脂柱及７１７强碱性阴离子交换树脂柱组吸附、分离、洗脱得纯 Ｌ－精氨酸组分、纯 Ｌ－谷氨酸组分、Ｌ－亮氨酸及Ｌ－缬氨酸组分。再经赶氨、浓缩、结晶、洗涤和烘干得成品，得率分别为３．０１％、１．０２％、１． ４６％及 １． ３４％。单一纯化的氨基酸产品，经氨基酸自动分析仪定性、定量测定及红外光谱分析和通过自动指示旋光仪测定其比旋度进行鉴定，证实确为本物质。复合氨基酸产品中游离氨基酸含量为９０． 相似文献
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翡翠贻贝肉酶解动物蛋白营养评价及其生理活性初探 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
对翡翠贻贝肉酶解动物蛋白（enzymolytic animal protein,EAP)进行的营养特性研究表明，粗蛋白含量达72．8％（干基），蛋白营养价高，氨基酸价为93（第一限制氨基酸为含硫氨基酸），且富含赖氨酸，精氨酸，维生素，矿物质等；Glu,Asp,Gly等呈味物质含量丰富，是制作营养保健食品或海鲜调味料的理想原料，经动物实验表明，翡翠贻贝肉EAP剂量为320mg.kg^-1体重时，对昆明小鼠移植性肿瘤S－180的抑瘤率可达50．6％，且有增强免疫力的活性。 相似文献
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渔用饲料中一般都添加了着色剂、引诱剂、香精等，多数生产企业为了提高饲料的利用率，会加入饲用香精。用同时蒸馏萃取方法提取鱼饲料挥发性成分，可以为鱼料生产中饲料香精的调配提供初步的理论依据。同时蒸馏萃取（ＳｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓＤｉｓｔａｌｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＥｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＳＤＥ）是检测挥发性成分常用的方法。通过气－质联机分析，鉴定出５０种化合物，包括ｄ－柠檬烯（３０．１７％）、ｃｉｓ－２－甲基－５－甲基乙烯－２－环己烯－１－醇（５．２８％）、３，７－二甲基－１，６－辛二烯－３－醇（５．１３％）、ｔｒａｎｓ－氧化柠檬烯（４．８％）、丁酸乙酯（４．２３％）、３－甲基－１－丁醇（４．１０％）、亚油酸乙酯（３．５９％）、ｔｒａｎｓ－杨梅醛（３．３２％）等；其中，酯类及内酯类（２０种）、醇类（１１种）以及醛类（８种）为鱼饲料的奶香味兼果香味贡献较多。 相似文献
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用酶联免疫吸附受体法检测鱼类生长激素的生物活性 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
根据激素一受体反应的原理，结合酶联免疫吸附测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）和放射受体测定法（ＲＲＡ）的优点，应用我们纯化的Ａ昌鱼生长激素（ｇｃＧＨ）和大鳞大马哈鱼生长激素（ｓＧＨ）及其特异抗体，采用鱼类肝细胞膜受体制剂，首次建立了测定鱼类ＧＨ生物活性的酶联免疫吸附受体测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ－ＲＡ）。此法检测草鱼ＧＨ的灵敏度达０．０６３￣０．１２５ｕｇ／ｍｌ，检测大马哈鱼ＧＨ与草鱼肝膜受体结合的灵敏度达０．２５ｕｇ 相似文献
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本文对苏北南部沿海中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）、天津厚蟹（Ｈｅｌｉｃｅｔｒｉｄｅｎｓｔｉｅｎｔｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）、红螯相手蟹（Ｓｅｓａｒｍａｈａｅｍａｔｏｃｈｅｉｒ）和日本大眼蟹（Ｍａｃｒｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）四种常见蟹的眼、肝、肌和卵组织以及中华绒螯蟹和天津厚蟹蟹苗的蛋白和ＬＤＨ、ＡＮＥＡ同工酶进行了比较研究。结果表明,四种蟹的蛋白和同工酶具明显的物种特异性和组织特异性;两种蟹苗的蛋白和同工酶酶谱在谱带数量、迁移率及酶活性上都存在差异。 相似文献
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广西沿海文蛤及其生境中细菌菌群的初步调查 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
对广西沿海文蛤及其养殖场的细菌菌群用ＶＩＴＥＫ微生物自动分析仪进行了初步检测，发现文蛤体内有腐败假单胞菌（Ａｌｔｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｐｕｔｒｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）、河弧菌（Ｖｉｂｒｉｏｆｌｕｖｉａｌｉｓ）、副溶血弧菌（Ｖ．ｐａｒａｈａｅｍｏｌｙｔｉｃｕｓ）、溶藻弧菌（Ｖ．ａｌｇｉｎｏｌｙｔｉｃｕｓ）、非发酵性革兰氏阴性芽胞菌（ＮｏｎｆｅｒｍｅｎｔｉｎｇＧｒａｍ－ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓ）、假单胞菌属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐｐ．）以及一些未知菌。从海水中亦经常检测到腐败假单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、河弧菌、温和气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｓｏｂｒｉａ）等细菌。分析表明，副溶血弧菌可能为文蛤的一种病原菌。药敏试验显示．上述所有细菌几乎都对环丙沙星、庆大霉素和氯霉素敏感。 相似文献
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Jesús Cerezo Valverde Silvia Martínez-Llorens Ana Tomás Vidal Miguel Jover Carmen Rodríguez Juán Estefanell Joan I. Gairín Pedro Miguel Domingues Carlos J. Rodríguez Benjamín García García 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(2):413-433
The amino acid composition and protein levels of three species of cephalopods (Octopus vulgaris, Loligo gahi and Todarodes sagittatus), the natural diets of common octopus (O. vulgaris) and different kinds of meals were determined in order to optimise the content of these nutrients in artificial feeds. Arginine, leucine and lysine were the most abundant essential amino acids in cephalopods, while glutamate and aspartate represented the main non-essential amino acids. Arginine and leucine were the limiting amino acid in most samples, with maximum Chemical Score values for mussel (79–98 %), squid (84 %) and crustaceans (65–91 %); medium for fish (41–70 %); and minimum for meals (29–64 %). Mussel, squid, crustaceans and fish showed a high essential amino acid index according to Oser (OI: 88–99 %) suggesting a suitable amino acid balance. The protein from animal meals (fish and krill) covered all the essential amino acids except arginine and lysine in fish meal. The vegetable meal presented the worst amino acid balance (OI: 74–89 %) with several deficiencies in essential amino acids, including arginine, threonine, lysine and methionine. Supplementation with arginine or leucine and protein complementation of crustaceans and bivalves with fish or animal meal are proposed as alternatives for improving the performance of protein in feed for cephalopods. 相似文献
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Chengchu Liu Haiyan Zhou Yi-Cheng Su Yingsen Li Jiale Li 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3):193-208
Hyriopsis cumingii is a freshwater mussel widely cultured in China to produce cultured pearls. However, after the pearls are harvested, the mussel is discarded. To make effective utilization of pearl production wastes, proteins were recovered from the pearl mussel meat using pH shift technology. The protein recovery conditions, chemical compositions, and functional properties of the recovered protein were investigated. Results show that the proteins could be well extracted from the meat by 5 volumes of alkali water (pH 11, 20°C, 1 h) followed by acidic precipitation (pH 5.2). The recovered product contained 94.7% of protein with high levels of essential and semiessential amino acids (48.9%). The most abundant essential amino acid was sulfur-containing amino acids (12.82%), followed by lysine (8.89%), phenylalanine (4.69%), and threonine (4.37%). Compared with soybean protein isolate and egg protein, the recovered protein had better water/oil absorption capability, better foaming ability, and similar emulsion capability. These results suggest that the protein isolated from the pearl mussel meat might be utilized as ingredients for the food industries. 相似文献
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以吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼为研究对象,探讨添加不同剂量的几丁聚糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化力、血清生化与肌肉品质的影响。选择体重为(2.97±0.02)g的健康吉富罗非鱼375尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0%(对照组)、1%、2%、3%和4%几丁聚糖溶液(有效成分为0.6%)。养殖63 d后,测定肝脏抗氧化性能、血清生化和激素水平以及肌肉中氨基酸与脂肪酸组成。结果显示,饲料中添加1%和2%几丁聚糖能显著提高血清C3、T3和Po水平,降低Lac与T4水平(P0.05)。同时,1%和2%添加组能显著降低肝脏MDA含量,提高SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力(P0.05)。各实验组水分、灰分与粗蛋白含量无显著差异(P0.05)。然而,随几丁聚糖添加水平的增加,粗脂肪含量显著下降(P0.05)。各实验组氨基酸组成与脂肪酸组成无显著差异(P0.05);2%和3%几丁聚糖组氨基酸组成中EAA、DAA和TAA含量与PUFA含量略高于其它实验组。 相似文献
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In a series of experiments the effects of dietary protease inhibitor inclusions on growth and amino acid absorption rate were investigated in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.). An optimal inclusion of inhibitor was found by conducting dose–response studies with specific growth rate as the main response variable. No negative effects on feed conversion ratio or nitrogen digestibility were observed at this level. In protein sources studies the addition of potato protease inhibitor to a fishmeal based diet increased specific growth rate by 14%. When a proportion of the fishmeal was replaced with hydrolysed protein (fish silage) the addition of the inhibitor resulted in a 31% increase in specific growth rate. Absorption of amino acids from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood was investigated in two experiments using 14 C-labelled algal ( Synechoccus leopoliensis ) protein. The absorption pattern of 14 C-labelled amino acids was altered by adding potato protease inhibitor when the algal protein was supplied in intact form, but not when the algal protein was hydrolysed. The absorption of amino acids from a hydrolysed protein was significantly faster than from intact protein. The enzymatic activity of pepsin in the stomach and of trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases A and B in the different segments of the intestine changed significantly with increasing inclusion of potato protease inhibitors in the diet. 相似文献
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为了对扇贝裙边进行综合利用,本文选择由中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶3种酶组合成3对混合酶对扇贝裙边进行酶水解实验,以水解液中游离氨基酸态氮为考察指标,采用正交实验设计研究了加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度及酶的种类对酶解效果的影响,从而优化了扇贝裙边的酶法水解工艺条件。以最佳水解工艺条件获得的酶解液经喷雾干燥制成的氨基酸营养粉,经检测,其粗蛋白含量为82.89%,粗脂肪含量为1.55%,总糖含量为6.82%。该氨基酸营养粉中氨基酸种类齐全,每100g粗蛋白中氨基酸总量达79.06%,其中游离氨基酸总量达51.53%。 相似文献
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Schizochytrium meal protein (SMP) extracted from Schizochytrium meal was hydrolyzed by flavourzyme. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions for the protein extraction yield from Schizochytrium meal. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (DRSA) was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of hydrolysates. The orthogonal test was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables, namely protease dosage, hydrolysis time, and pH. The optimum conditions obtained were as follows: protease dosage of 7%, hydrolysis time of 1.5 h, pH of 6, under which, DRSA at the concentration of 2 mg/mL was 89.38%. Aspartic and glutamic acid constituted approximately 26.32% of the total amino acids, and glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid of Schizochytrium meal protein hydrolysate (SMPH) by amino acid composition analysis, which may have contributed to the scavenging activity of SMPH. Moreover, SMPH was made into chewable tablets with suitable formula and high humidity stability. These findings indicate that Schizochytrium meal can be reused as a raw material for preparation of antioxidant peptides. 相似文献
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We show significant relationships between digestion rate of dietary protein, absorption/transport rate of amino acids, and plasma insulin concentration. Digestion rate of dietary protein was indicated by protease activity ratio of trypsin to chymotrypsin in the pyloric caeca. Plasma total free amino acids and/or the ratio of essential to non-essential free amino acids indicated absorption/transport rate of amino acids. These relationships are associated with and likely to be primarily affected by genetic variation in the expression of different isozymes of trypsin, a key enzyme for feed utilization and growth, affecting digestion, absorption/transport rate of amino acids and plasma insulin levels in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). 相似文献
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Antioxidant Properties of Protein Hydrolysate Obtained from Oyster Saccostrea cucullata (Born, 1778)
S. Umayaparvathi M. Arumugam S. Meenakshi T. Balasubramanian 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):502-515
The antioxidant activities of enzymatically hydrolyzed (protease from Bacillus cereus SU12) oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) protein were studied. The hydrolysate exhibited a strong antioxidant potential in 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 85.7 ± 0.37%), followed by hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity (81.6 ± 0.3%), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (79.32 ± 0.6%), and reducing power assay (2.63 ± 0.2 OD at 700 nm) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Due to the high antioxidant potential, the hydrolysate was purified in Sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography. The active peptide fraction was identified by DPPH and reducing power assay. The amino acid content of the purified active peptide fraction was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The active fraction contained a good quantity of both essential and nonessential amino acids. The present study revealed that oyster (S. cucullata) protein hydrolysate is a potential source for natural antioxidants. 相似文献