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1.
24只健康肉鸡随机分成2组,每组12只(公母各半),采用单周期平行设计,分别进行单剂量(60 mg/kg bw,以磺胺氯吡嗪钠计)经口灌服复方和单方磺胺氯吡嗪钠溶液的药动学研究.给药后按预定时间采集血样,采用HPLC法测定血浆中药物含量.实测血药浓度-时间数据,采用Kinetica药动学分析软件计算药动学参数.结果显示,鸡单剂量灌服磺胺氯吡嗪钠溶液后,主要药动学参数如下:T1/2β为9.39 h,MRT为26.57 h,Tm.和Cm.分别为7.33 h和64.69 μg/mL,ClB为0.52 mL/(min · kg),Vz为0.43 L/kg,AUC为1954.28 μg/mL·h.鸡单剂量灌服复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠溶液后,主要药动学参数如下:T1/2β为8.24 h,MRT为26.37 h;Tmmax和Cmax15.50 h和71.43 μg/mL;ClB为0.51 mL/(min·kg),Vz为0.36 L/kg,AUC为2125.81 μg/mL·h,相对生物利用度为108.78％.结果表明,与磺胺氯吡嗪钠溶液相比,复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠溶液灌服后,除达峰时间和峰浓度明显延长或增高(P＜0.01)外,其他药动学参数均无显著差异(P＞0.05).  相似文献   

2.
为了揭示复方银红涂膜在大鼠体内的药代动力学特性,试验采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定大鼠血浆中复方银红涂膜指标成分羟基红花黄色素A的血药浓度。结果表明:当复方银红涂膜剂量为100 mg/kg时,分布半衰期(t1/2ɑ)=7.874 h,消除半衰期(t1/2β)=9.013 h,达峰时间(Tmax)=14.000 h,峰血药浓度(Cmax)=0.351μg/L,表观清除率(CL/F)=243.356 L/(h·kg),初始分布容积(V1/F)=182.438 L/kg,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)=1.978 mg/(L·h)。说明复方银红涂膜中羟基红花黄色素A在大鼠体内呈二室模型分布。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究氟尼辛葡甲胺在奶牛体内的代谢情况,试验采用健康成年母牛5头,按体重2.0 mg/kg的剂量肌肉注射氟尼辛葡甲胺,血浆样品经过甲醇沉淀蛋白后离心,取上清液用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定奶牛血浆中氟尼辛葡甲胺的浓度,DAS药代动力学软件处理血药浓度-时间数据。结果表明:主要药代动力学参数AUC(0~t)为(126.01±15.34)μg/mL·h,MRT(0~t)为(4.92±0.39)h,t1/2z为(7.57±2.27)h,Vz/F为(159.33±42.66)L·h/kg,Tmax为0.5 h,Cmax为(44.56±2.88)μg/mL。说明氟尼辛葡甲胺在产后奶牛体内肌肉注射后吸收迅速,达峰时间短,半衰期较长。  相似文献   

4.
环丙沙星在猪体内的生物利用度及药物动力学   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  
18 头健康长白×大白×杜洛克杂交猪,分3 组,每组6 头,按5 m g/kg 的剂量进行了静注、肌注及内服环丙沙星的药动学研究。高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物的质量浓度,MCPKP药代动力学程序处理药时数据。静注给药时,环丙沙星体内分布快且广泛,消除较慢,t1/2α为(0.35±0.19) h,t1/2β为(3.15±0.57) h,Vd(area)为(3.24±0.51) L/kg,ClB 为(0.73±0.15) L/(kg·h- 1 )。肌注和内服给药时,环丙沙星均吸收较快,但内服吸收速度和程度均不及肌注给药,t1/2ka 分别为(0.23±0.15)、(0.38±0 .21) h,tm ax 分别为(0.63±0.31)、(1.39±0.39) h,Cm ax 分别为(1.31±0.34)、(0.60±0.14) m g/L,生物利用度(F)分别为(77.96±5.89)% 、(51.58±5.69)% 。本研究发现,环丙沙星肌注和内服给药的消除半衰期与静注给药相似,分别为(3.45±0.66)、(3.32±0.96) h,与在其他哺乳动物的动力学特征有所不同。  相似文献   

5.
目的:探究妥曲珠利在肉鸡体内的药动学及其在组织中的残留。方法:选取30只刚出生的肉鸡作为本次研究的受试对象,通过单次不同剂量给药,分别为4mg/kg·bw组、8mg/kg·bw组以及24mg/kg·bw组。同时采用拉沙菌素进行对照。分析不同剂量的妥曲珠利以及拉沙菌素的药动学,并进行比较。结果:研究结果显示,三组的t1/2α(h)、t1/2β(h)、V/F(L/kg)、CL(s)(L/h)以及AUC(μg·h/mL)分别为,4mg/kg·bw组:(4.10±0.32)、(26.86±3.26)、(0.33±0.05)、(0.04±0.01)、(92.78±15.34);8mg/kg?bw组:(4.31±0.98)、(23.45±32.94)、(0.39±0.08)、(0.05±0.01)、(174.15±34.16);24mg/kg·bw组:(6.01±0.28)、(25.89±3.89)、(0.52±0.08)、(0.05±0.01)、(307.15±42.56)。测得拉沙菌素的t1/2α(h)、t1/2β(h)、V/F(L/kg)、CL(s)(L/h)以及AUC(μg·h/mL)分别为(4.23±1.03)、(24.78±3.85)、(0.36±0.08)、(0.04±0.01)、(183.12±28.94)。对比结果差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。同时对肉鸡体内的残留妥曲珠利检测发现,停药后,肉鸡的肌肉、肝脏等组织中的残留量逐渐下降,并且在停药6天后肉鸡的肌肉中未检测到,7天后肉鸡的肝脏以及肾脏中均检测不到。结论:妥曲珠利在肉鸡体内的药动学与拉沙菌素药动学比较无显著的差异。  相似文献   

6.
甲砜霉素在感染多杀性巴氏杆菌鸡体内的药物动力学   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
30只健康杂交肉鸡随机分成3组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别进行健康鸡静脉注射、健康和巴氏杆菌感染鸡口服给药的药动学研究。静注和口服的给药剂量按体质量分别为15mg/kg和30mg/kg。以反相HPLC测定血浆中甲砜霉素的质量浓度,药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药动学程序软件处理。健康鸡单剂量静注给药后,血药浓度-时间数据符合无吸收二室开放模型,其主要动力学参数分别为:V(c)为(0.58±0.09)L/kg,t1/2α(0.11±0.03)h,t1/2β(0.95±0.18)h,AUC为(11.99±0.90)mg/(L.h),CL(s)为(1.26±0.10)L/(kg.h)。健康鸡和巴氏杆菌感染鸡单剂量口服给药血药浓度-时间数据均符合一级吸收一室开放模型。健康鸡口服给药的主要动力学参数分别为:Lagtime(0.04±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.16±0.08)h,t1/2ke(1.64±0.22)h,T(peak)(0.57±0.18)h,C(max)(6.34±0.56)mg/L,AUC为(19.02±1.48)mg/(L.h),F为79.32%。巴氏杆菌感染鸡口服给药的主要动力学参数分别为:Lagtime(0.07±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.54±0.26)h,t1/2ke(1.74±0.27)h,T(peak)(1.31±0.39)h,C(max)(5.28±0.73)mg/L,AUC为(21.75±1.03)mg/(L.h),F90.70%。与健康鸡相比,甲砜霉素在感染鸡的t1/2(ka)、T(peak)和Lag-time显著延长(P0.05或P0.01),且比健康鸡具有更高的生物利用度。但甲砜霉素在巴氏杆菌感染鸡体内的消除速度未受影响。  相似文献   

7.
替米考星静脉及皮下注射后在绵羊体内的药代动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
健康成年杂交绵羊静脉和皮下注射替米考星注射液后,用反相高效液相色谱法测定不同时间点血清中的药物浓度。采用3p97药代动力学程序软件处理数据,替米考星两种给药途径的药 时数据均符合二室开放模型静脉注射给药(5 mg/kg bw)的主要药代动力学参数: t1/2a 为 0. 611±0. 017 h、t1/2β为 23. 215±0. 459 h、AUC为11 815±0.396(μg/mL)·h、CL(s)为 0.424±0.014 L/(kg·h)。替米考星皮下注射主要药代动力学参数: 1mg/kg bw剂量组 t1/2a 为 1 751±0 557 h、t1/2β为 22 896±2 747 h、t1/2Ka 为 0. 100±0. 025 h、AUC 为 25. 828±1 479 (μg/mL)·h、CL(s)为0.393±0.017 L/(kg·h),Tmax为0.500±0.065 h,Cmax为1.424±0.156μg/mL、F为109.28%±6.25%。30 mg/kg bw剂量组 t1/2a为1.342±0.244 h、t1/2β为 20.052±1.236 h、t1/2Ka为 0.086±0.015h、AUC为57 575±6.760 (μg/mL)·h、CL(s)为0.527±0.068 L/(kg·h)、Tmax为0.437±0.039 h、Cmax为 3.343±0 512μg/mL、F为81.22%±9.54%。结果表明,绵羊静脉和皮下注射替米考星体内分布广,消除缓慢;皮下注射后在体内吸收迅速,达峰快,生物利用度高。  相似文献   

8.
鸡单剂量内服替米考星的药代动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究了鸡单剂量(20mg／kg)内服替米考星的药代动力学特征;微生物法测定血浆药物浓度,3P87药动学程序处理药时数据,SPSS(12)统计分析;结果:TMS在健康三黄鸡的药时数据符合一级吸收二室模型,主要药动学参数为:T1/2α为(0.662±0.354)h、T1/2β为(36.344±15.204)h、K1／2a为(0.340±0.132)h、V／F为(7.049±4.320)L／kg、Cmax为(1.108±0.523)mg／L、Tp为(0.765±0.163)h、CL为(0.571±0.138)L·h／kg、AUC(56.220±31.933)mg·h／L。表明:替米考星内服吸收快,达峰短,血中药物高,消除半袁期长,体内分布广泛,维持时间长。  相似文献   

9.
为了解多益与相同成份进口产品的生物等效性,在建立血浆中磺胺嘧啶(SD)和甲氧苄啶(TMP)的HPLC检测方法基础上,比较两种制剂在肉鸡体内的药代动力学特征.选用30只健康白羽肉鸡,进行单剂量口服给药,给药剂量均为20mg/kg(以SD计),用反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中SD和TMP浓度,计算其药动学参数并评价两种制剂的生物等效性.用Kinetic药动学软件处理血药浓度-时间数据,得出受试制剂和参比制剂中SD的主要药动学参数分别为:Cmax分别为:(10.60±6.68)、(11.45± 5.96) mg/L,Tmax分别为:(4.93±4.25)、(3.87±4.06) h,AUC分别为:(89.31±48.50)、(86.81±45.78) mg/L·h,Clearance 分别为:(7.94±14.06)、(6.54±7.70) L/kg·h,Vz分别为:(3.57±6.12)、(10.43±31.75) L/kg.受试制剂多益相对参比制剂的相对生物利用度为102.88％,表明受试制剂与参比试剂具有生物等效性.  相似文献   

10.
旨在研究黄牛静脉注射和肌内注射酮洛芬的药代动力学及肌内注射的生物利用度。选用6头健康的犊黄牛,采用双周期随机交叉试验,静脉注射和肌内注射酮洛芬的剂量均为3mg/kg体质量,采血时间点为给药前和给药后5,10,15,20,30,40,50min和1,1.5,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,14,24,30,36,48h。乙腈提取血浆中的酮洛芬,用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS-MS)测定血浆中的药物浓度。使用WinNonlin 6.2药代动力学软件对静脉注射和肌内注射的血药浓度-时间数据进行分析,均采用非房室模型拟合。静脉注射给药的主要药代动力学参数为:t1/2β(4.18±0.41)h,MRT(3.40±0.52)h,Vd(387.52±46.49)kg/mL,ClB(65.29±14.40)mL·(h·kg)-1,AUC0-∞(47.70±9.41)h·mg·L-1。肌内注射给药的主要药代动力学参数为:tmax(0.50±0.10)h,Cmax(11.24±1.41)mg/L,t1/2β(4.38±0.66)h,MRT(3.83±0.34)h,AUC0-∞(42.46±3.84)h·mg·L-1,F为(91.2±11.7)%。结果表明,犊黄牛肌内注射酮洛芬后吸收迅速,血浆中峰浓度高,消除较快,生物利用度高。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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