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1.
应用Ｂ型实时超声断层扫描仪（Ｂ－ 超），对奶牛子宫复旧过程进行研究。对３８ 头中国荷斯坦奶牛，用Ｂ－ 超和连续检查法监测了子宫复旧过程。结果，经连续直肠检查法监测，受试牛子宫孕角、空角和子宫颈复旧的平均时间分别为（３７ ．４±３．１）、（３１．４ ±４．９）和（３６．８ ±４．９） ｄ；用Ｂ－ 超监测则为（３５ ．５±４．５） 、（３０．８ ±５．９）和（３７．５ ±５．０）ｄ。并且Ｂ－超监测还发现，分娩当天子宫肌层平均厚度为１．６５ ｃｍ ，产后２３ ｄ 时减少到１．３５ｃｍ ；产后第５ 天在超声影像上可见子宫内膜，平均厚度为０ ．３ ｃｍ ，第１５ 天为０ ．６ ｃｍ ，而到产后２３ ｄ 平均增厚到１．０２ ｃｍ ，子宫复旧完成时，子宫壁平均厚度为１ ．０ ｃｍ ；两子宫角的横切面轮廓清晰，大小基本相同，超声影像变白。研究表明Ｂ－ 超监测奶牛子宫复旧过程是可行的。  相似文献   

2.
奶牛产后子宫及卵巢超声影像学变化规律的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
应用Ｂ－型实时超声断层扫描和放免技术监测产后奶牛子宫和卵巢构相以及外周血浆中雌激素，孕酮和前列腺素Ｆ２ａ代谢物含量的变化，结果表明，应用Ｂ－超可监测到子宫各部分和卵巢的细微复旧变化，并可根据子宫超声影像变化特点判定体内雌激素和孕酮的消长。子宫孕角，空角和子宫颈完成复旧的平均时间分别为４１．０±８．８，３０．６±３．０和４６．７±３．９天。子宫复旧速度不受前妊娠黄体退化时间早晚和外周血浆中ＰＧＦＭ含  相似文献   

3.
应用B型实时超声断层扫描仪 (B -超 ) ,对奶牛子宫复旧过程进行研究。对 38头中国荷斯坦奶牛 ,用B -超和连续检查法监测了子宫复旧过程。结果 ,经连续直肠检查法监测 ,受试牛子宫孕角、空角和子宫颈复旧的平均时间分别为 (37.4± 3.1)、(31.4± 4.9)和 (36 .8± 4.9)d;用B -超监测则为 (35 .5± 4.5 )、(30 .8± 5 .9)和 (37.5± 5 .0 )d。并且B -超监测还发现 ,分娩当天子宫肌层平均厚度为 1.6 5cm ,产后 2 3d时减少到 1.35cm ;产后第 5天在超声影像上可见子宫内膜 ,平均厚度为 0 .3cm ,第 15天为 0 .6cm ,而到产后 2 3d平均增厚到 1.0 2cm ,子宫复旧完成时 ,子宫壁平均厚度为1.0cm ;两子宫角的横切面轮廓清晰 ,大小基本相同 ,超声影像变白。研究表明B -超监测奶牛子宫复旧过程是可行的  相似文献   

4.
对两例银黑狐雌性生殖器官形态的观察，卵巢呈两端大小一样的蚕豆形，长１．１－１．３ｃｍ，宽０．７－０．８ｃｍ，厚０．５－０．７ｃｍ。两侧输卵管全长３．０－４．０ｃｍ，有３－１０个弯曲，输卵管有系膜固定。子宫角呈圆筒形，平均长度６．４ｃｍ，外壁直径０．４ｃｍ。子宫体亦为圆筒状，比子宫角粗，长１．４－１．５ｃｍ，直径０．５－０．６ｃｍ，平均体与两子宫角之间形成“丫”状，子宫角内未发现子宫阜。阴道呈扁圆筒  相似文献   

5.
发情周期不同阶段的母犬阴过来样８２只和子日采样７８只中确定需氧与厌氧微生物．平均总细菌数：８２只１００ｍｇ阴道内容物ｌｏｇ５．０±ｌｏｇ１．５（ｌｏｇ２．４－ｌｏｓ８．８）。发情期的细菌数（ｌｏｇ７．８±ｌｏｇ０．７）放非发情期（ｌｏｇ４．４±ｌｏｇ１．０〕、怀孕期（ｌｏｇ５．９±ｌｏｇ１．３）和产后期（ｌｏｇ５．１±ｌｏｇ１．５）的母犬明显为高（Ｐ＞０．０５）。从阴道分离出的普通微生物为类细菌科、待球菌属、巴氏菌属和支原体属。从７８只子宫样品中４８只（占６８％）也分离出微生物。每１００ｍｇ子宫内容物中总细菌数范围为ｌｏｇ１．６－ｌｏｇ８．３，并分离出葡萄球菌属和支原体屁。尽管子宫内微生物与阴道相似，然而子宫内容物培养可进行单一分离出微生物，在大多数子宫内未见到病理变化。显然，阴道中微生物常常会进入子宫，然而它们很少引起子宫的感染。  相似文献   

6.
试验对五种肥育猪（安庆猪、淮猪、大安、长大安、大长淮各１０头）的肱骨和股骨作了坚强度测定。试验结果表明本地猪肱骨的骨重相对弯矩（安庆猪１１．４±１．５ｋｇ．ｅｍ／ｇ，淮猪１１．９±１．２ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ）显著高于杂交猪相应的弯矩（大安８．９±２．６ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，长大安８．９±１．８ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，大长淮９．３±２．１ｋｇ，ｃｍ／ｇ）。不同品种股骨的相对弯矩无显著差异。  相似文献   

7.
不同猪种四肢骨骼坚强度的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
试验对五种肥育猪（安庆猪、淮猪、大安、长大安、大长淮各１０头）的肱骨和股骨作了坚强度测定。试验结果表明本地猪肱骨的骨重相对弯矩（安庆猪１１．４±１．５ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，淮猪１１．９±１．２ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ）显高于杂交猪相应的弯矩（大安８．９±２．６ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，长大安８．９±１．８ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，大长淮９．３±２．１ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ）。不同品种股骨的相对弯矩无显差异。  相似文献   

8.
给怀孕奶牛用棉酚含量为０．４％的棉籽饼每天０．５ｋｇ饲喂３５ｄ，对胎儿生长发育产生广泛影响。在开始饲喂９５ｄ内流产率为１２．９％（２４／１８６），在４６ｄ内流产率为９．１％９１７／１８６）。中毒奶牛所产的犊牛平均怀孕期为２７５．７５±５．２１ｄ（ｎ＝１４０），平均初生重为３５．２７±５．２３ｋｇ（ｎ＝１４０），分别比前后两年平均怀孕期缩短２￣３ｄ和平均初生重降低３．７０ｋｇ。活产母犊到６月齿时因死  相似文献   

9.
驴,骡血气分析初探   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
对２５头驴、骡进行血气分析，结果表明：驴、骡血液ｐＨ，Ｐｏ＿２，Ｏ＿２ＳＴ，ＨＣＯ，Ｔｃｏ＿２，ＢＥ＿ｂ，ＳＢｃ，ＢＥ＿（ｅｃｆ）在二者之间无显著差异性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；驴血液Ｐｃｏ＿２，和乳酸皆高于骡（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）；驴、骡的血液ｐＨ为７．４１±０．０３，Ｐｏ＿２为４．９７±０．９７ｋＰａ，Ｐｃｏ＿２为５．２０±０．３９ｋＰａ，Ｏ＿２ＳＴ为７１．２９±９．２５％，ＨＣＯ＿３为２５．９４±１．６８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔｃｏ＿２为２７．１５±１．７３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＢＥ＿ｂ为１．９６±１．７１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＳＢｃ为２５．６８±１．３１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＢＥ＿（ｅｃｆ）为１．２３±１．８９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，乳酸含量为１．６８±０．６３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。  相似文献   

10.
柔嫩艾美尔球虫和巨形艾美尔球虫的分离与鉴定   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
采用单卵囊分离技术，获得了两纯种球虫，鉴定为柔嫩艾美尔球虫（Ｅｉｍｅｒｉａｔｅｎｅｌａ）和巨形艾美尔球虫（Ｅ．ｍａｘｉｍａ）。主要鉴定指标：柔嫩艾美尔球虫，虫体寄生于鸡盲肠，卵囊呈卵圆形或宽卵圆形，有极体，无内、外残余体，测２００个卵囊的平均大小为（２０１６±１６１）×（１５５９±１１３）μｍ，测２００个孢子囊的平均大小为（１１６４±０８５）×（５．８６±０．５９）μｍ，潜隐期１４１ｈ，最短孢子化时间１９ｈ；巨形艾美尔球虫，虫体主要寄生于小肠中段，卵囊大，呈卵圆形，金黄色，有极体，无内、外残余体，测２００个卵囊的平均大小为（２８５１±１９８）×（２１．７９±１．５０）μｍ，测２００个孢子囊的平均大小为（１６３１±１０４）×（７．７８±０．４９）μｍ，潜隐期１２４ｈ，最短孢子化时间３２ｈ。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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