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1.
旨在利用从山西省运城市国家级晋南牛遗传资源基因保护中心采集的2011—2021年564头晋南牛(公牛279头，母牛285头)共1 937条体重和体尺性状数据，对晋南牛初生、6、12、18、24月龄阶段体重和体尺性状进行遗传参数估计。本研究运用ASREML软件中的REML算法配合多性状动物模型，以出生年份、出生季节和性别为固定效应，估计晋南牛5个不同生长阶段体重和体尺性状的遗传力、遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明，出生年份对晋南牛不同生长阶段的体重和体尺性状有着极显著影响(P<0.01);出生季节和性别对晋南牛生长发育前期影响较小，对其生长发育后期有着较大影响。晋南牛初生至24月龄体重遗传力估计值范围为0.22～0.35,体高遗传力估计值范围为0.18～0.31,十字部高遗传力估计值范围为0.17～0.43,体斜长遗传力估计值范围为0.10～0.24,胸围遗传力估计值范围为0.22～0.29,腹围遗传力估计值范围为0.25～0.33,管围遗传力估计值范围为0.16～0.56。晋南牛不同生长阶段体重和体尺性状均呈现出较强的遗传正相关和表型正相关。其中遗传相关和表型相关的范围分别为0.37... 相似文献
2.
本研究通过对国家级保护品种中卫山羊15个初生时期和35日龄的体型和羊毛性状的遗传力、遗传相关和表型相关进行估计,分析了性别和出生年份固定效应对这些性状的影响,旨在为中卫山羊的保种工作提供参考。运用DMU软件的DMUAI模块,用单性状动物模型估计遗传力,用多性状动物模型估计遗传相关与表型相关。结果发现,除了35日龄的肩部和臀部毛弯曲数的遗传力小于0.1外其他各性状遗传力的范围为0.10～0.62,均属于中等或偏高遗传力,各性状遗传相关的范围为-0.799～0.991,表型相关的范围为-0.407～0.904。出生年份对除35日龄管围外的其余性状均有极显著影响,性别效应对所有体型性状均有显著影响,但对于初生时期2个毛长性状和35日龄的2个羊毛弯曲数性状影响不显著。中卫山羊早期体型和羊毛性状具有选育提高潜力,可将初生体长和毛股长作为中卫山羊早期选择性状。 相似文献
3.
旨在分析母猪的出生年份、出生季节、初生重、开测日龄等固定效应对长白、大白猪主要生长性状的影响,并对目标生长性状进行遗传参数估计（遗传力、遗传方差、表型相关和遗传相关）,为猪的遗传改良提供基本依据。本试验利用GLM模型分析试验猪群（398头长白猪和1 176头大白猪）的固定效应对猪生长性状的影响,并采用多性状动物模型对目标性状进行遗传参数估计。目标生长性状包括达100 kg体重日龄（age to 100 kg,AGE）、达100 kg背膘厚（backfat to 100 kg,BF）、100 kg平均日增重（average daily gain to 100 kg,ADG）。研究表明,在大白和长白猪中,猪的出生年、出生季、初生重以及开测日龄对生长性状均具有极显著的影响（P<0.001）;长白猪的AGE、ADG和BF的遗传力分别为0.321、0.327和0.324,大白猪对应性状的遗传力分别为0.454、0.469和0.408;长白猪的ADG和AGE之间的遗传相关、表型相关分别为-0.990、-0.995,大白猪的ADG和AGE之间的遗传相关、表型相关分别为-0.993、-0.998,均呈现较强的负相关。长白、大白猪的生长性状（AGE、ADG、BF）均属于中等遗传力性状,其出生年份、出生季节、初生重和开测日龄对猪的生长性状影响较大。在遗传参数估计分析时,提高样本数量并提升表型数据质量,可以增加遗传参数估计的可靠性。本研究中的生长性状遗传参数估计结果较为可靠,可为后续的遗传改良提供参考。 相似文献
4.
试验旨在构建新疆褐牛不同生长阶段体尺体重性状的遗传参数估计模型,估计新疆褐牛生长发育性状的遗传参数,为新疆褐牛育种目标性状的确定和综合选择指数的制定提供理论依据。以1983－2017年收集的4个新疆褐牛核心育种场81头公牛后代的2 504条新疆褐牛体尺体重数据为研究材料,以初生及6、12和18月龄阶段的体重、体高、体斜长和胸围性状为研究对象,通过DMU软件构建多性状动物模型,以场、出生年份、出生季节和性别为固定效应,以加性效应和母体效应为随机效应,估计各性状的遗传力和遗传相关。结果显示,新疆褐牛初生至18月龄阶段体重遗传力估计值为0.22~0.61,体高遗传力估计值为0.43~0.46,体斜长遗传力估计值为0.29~0.52,胸围遗传力估计值为0.35~0.61。相同和不同生长阶段新疆褐牛各体尺体重性状间均呈现正的遗传相关和表型相关,其中相同生长阶段各体尺体重性状间的遗传相关系数为0.11~0.92,表型相关系数为0.05~0.92;不同生长阶段各体尺体重性状间的遗传相关系数为0.08~0.92,表型相关系数为0.01~0.72。18月龄与其他各生长阶段间体尺体重性状的遗传相关系数较高,且均属于中高遗传力性状。因此,在制定新疆褐牛综合选择指数时,应重点考虑18月龄阶段的体尺体重性状,从而进一步提升新疆褐牛生长发育性状的遗传进展。 相似文献
5.
［目的］本研究旨在探究河北省西门塔尔牛体重和体尺性状的遗传参数,为育种提供参考。［方法］本研究以2015～2021年河北天和肉牛养殖有限公司266头西门塔尔牛的体重体尺性状为研究材料,包括体重性状及体高、十字部高、体斜长、胸围、腹围和管围等6个体尺性状,使用DMU软件采用AI-REML结合EM算法并配合动物模型对体重、体尺性状进行了遗传参数估计。［结果］结果表明：体重、体高、十字部高、体斜长、胸围、腹围和管围的遗传力分别为0.41、0.41、0.45、0.45、0.48、0.31和0.66。体重与体尺之间的遗传相关范围为0.20（体高）~0.79（胸围）,表型相关范围为0.14（十字部高）~0.23（胸围）;体尺性状间的遗传相关范围为-0.70（腹围和管围）~0.92（体高和十字部高）,表型相关范围为-0.10（腹围和管围）~0.94（体高和十字部高）。［结论］体重与体尺性状均属于高遗传力性状,体重及体尺性状间除管围外其他体尺性状间均呈较强的遗传正相关,在选育过程中加强对这些性状的选育,有利于提高西门塔尔牛的生长发育性能。 相似文献
6.
基于BLUP和GBLUP方法估计北京油鸡胴体和肉质性状遗传参数的差异 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在比较不同方法对遗传参数估计的差异,为未来北京油鸡胴体和肉质性状选育方法的制定提供参考依据。本研究利用传统最佳线性无偏预测（best linear unbiased prediction,BLUP）和基因组最佳线性无偏预测（genomic best linear unbiased prediction,GBLUP）两种方法对北京油鸡的胴体和肉质等性状进行了遗传参数估计。从系谱较为完整的北京油鸡群体中,选择100日龄体重相近的公鸡615只,测定其100日龄体重（BW）、屠宰率（EP）、胸肌率（BMP）、腿肌率（LMP）、腹脂率（AFP）、嫩度（T,以剪切力值表示）和肌内脂肪（IMF）等性状,并用SNP芯片（Illumina,60K）进行个体基因分型。结果表明,除IMF和剪切力（SF）遗传力基于两种方法的估值存在较大差异外,其余性状利用两种方法得到的遗传力估值差异较小;除嫩度外,GBLUP方法估计的遗传力均低于BLUP方法。所有胴体相关性状中,除屠宰率遗传力为低遗传力外,其余性状均属于中等遗传力性状。嫩度呈现低遗传力,而IMF基于BLUP法和GBLUP法的估计遗传力分别为中等（h2 =0.256）和低遗传力（h2 =0.107）。基于BLUP方法,IMF与BW、BMP和SF 3个性状间均呈高度遗传负相关（-0.572、-0.420、-0.682）,与EP的遗传相关为中度负相关（-0.234）,与AFP的遗传相关为中度正相关（0.420）;基于GBLUP方法,IMF与BW、BMP和SF 3个性状间均呈高度遗传负相关（-0.808、-0.725、-0.784）,与EP的遗传相关为高度负相关（-0.626）,与AFP的遗传相关为低度正相关（0.097）。综上,对于某些性状,基于传统的BLUP方法与新的GBLUP方法得到的遗传力与遗传相关估值存在较大差异,实际育种工作中,为提高育种效率,需要综合考虑。 相似文献
7.
为估计鲁中肉羊初生重、体高、体长、胸宽、胸深、胸围和管围的遗传参数,利用2018年上半年出生的611只鲁中肉羊的初生体尺体重数据,采用AI-REML (Average information restricted maximum likelihood)算法,借助DMU软件分析以产羔数为固定效应、个体加性遗传效应为随机效应的多性状动物模型。结果表明:鲁中肉羊初生重、胸宽、胸深、体高、体长、胸围和管围的遗传力分别为0.16、0.10、0.22、0.44、0.43、0.46和0.52,各性状之间遗传相关为-0.517～0.773,表型相关为-0.197～0.503。说明鲁中肉羊初生重、胸宽和胸深为低遗传力性状,体高、体长、胸围和管围为中等遗传力性状。 相似文献
8.
《中国家禽》2021,(12)
为了建立雪峰乌骨鸡育种模型,应用SPSS中的GLM(一般线性模型)与R语言软件的hiblup包对雪峰乌骨鸡白羽系四个世代共5 457条记录进行了体重、体尺、皮肤乌度的非遗传因素分析及遗传力估计。结果显示:非遗传因素对雪峰乌骨鸡白羽系各性状有影响,主要体现在年度效应上;表型相关中,正相关最高为胫围与胫长(r=0.765),负相关最高为体斜长与胸宽(r=-0.405);遗传相关中,正相关最高为体重与胫长(r=0.636),负相关最高为体斜长与胸宽(r=-0.408);遗传力最高为龙骨长(0.516),其次为体重(0.330),其余性状指标遗传力在0.131～0.226之间。研究结果为雪峰乌骨鸡的遗传评定与遗传参数估计模型设计提供了参考依据。 相似文献
9.
为探讨非遗传因素对安格斯牛初生体重及体尺性状的影响和遗传参数估计，本研究利用SAS 8.1软件中的GLM程序分析了场、年度、季节、性别对安格斯牛初生体重及体尺性状的影响，并用DMU 9.2软件中的DMUAI模块对初生体重及体尺性状进行遗传参数估计。结果表明：除了季节对初生体重无显著影响外，场、年度、性别对初生体重及体尺性状均有极显著影响；体重、体高、十字部高、体斜长、胸围、腹围、管围的遗传力分别为0.52、0.70、0.71、0.75、0.70、0.69、0.43，均属于高遗传力性状；各性状间遗传相关系数范围为-0.26～0.95，体高和十字部高的遗传相关最高，相关系数为0.95，表型相关系数范围为0.12～0.80，胸围和腹围的表型相关最高，相关系数为0.80。上述研究结果为今后安格斯牛的遗传评定和遗传参数估计统计模型的建立提供了参考依据。 相似文献
10.
生长性状是猪重要的经济性状之一，提升生长性状是生猪遗传改良的主要目标。为鉴定与猪生长性状显著相关的位点，筛选与猪生长性状相关的功能基因，本研究利用GeneSeek Genomic Profiler(GGP)猪50K SNP芯片对1 805头大白猪百公斤日龄（Age to 100 kg,AGE）、百公斤背膘厚（Backfat Thickness to100kg,BF）、眼肌深度（LoinMuscleDepth,LMD）3个性状进行全基因组关联分析。结果显示，AIREMLF90软件计算AGE、BF和LMD遗传力分别是0.17、0.53和0.28，属于中高遗传力性状。AGE与BF遗传相关为-0.08，表型相关为-0.16，均为负相关关系。AGE与LMD遗传相关为-0.11，表型相关为-0.36，均为负相关关系。BF与LMD遗传相关为0.04，表型相关为0.12，均为正相关关系。AGE筛选到6个全基因组水平显著SNPs和10个染色体水平显著SNPs,BF筛选到11个全基因组水平显著SNPs和10个染色体水平显著SNPs,LMD筛选到3个全基因组水平显著SNPs和11个染色体水平显著SNPs。利... 相似文献
11.
为研究埋植褪黑激素的水貂(Mustela vison)冬季直针毛生长过程及形态学性状的特点,测量埋植褪黑激素后31 d、62 d和75 d的水貂鲜皮腹部、背部和臀部新生冬季直针毛的毛长度、毛最粗处细度、毛根无髓段长度及毛根扁平型鳞片总长度等形态学指标。统计分析结果表明:埋植褪黑激素31 d后,水貂3个部位均出现了新生冬季直针毛;且臀部的新生冬季直针毛的毛长度最大,单位面积上新生冬季直针毛数量最多。埋植褪黑激素后31 d至62 d冬季直针毛的平均生长速度为:腹部(0. 33±0. 07) mm/d、背部(0. 44±0. 07) mm/d、臀部(0. 45±0. 08) mm/d,埋植褪黑激素后62 d至75 d冬季直针毛的平均生长速度为:腹部(0. 25±0. 06) mm/d、背部(0. 29±0. 10) mm/d、臀部(0. 36±0. 03) mm/d,均表现为臀部>背部>腹部的情形。埋植褪黑激素后31 d至62 d的冬季直针毛平均生长速度较快;埋植褪黑激素后62 d至75 d的冬季直针毛平均生长速度降低。冬季直针毛的长度与毛根无髓段长度、毛根扁平型鳞片总长度相关性不显著(P>0. 05);毛最粗处细度与毛根无髓段长度、毛根扁平型鳞片总长度相关性不显著(P>0. 05);毛根无髓段长度与毛根扁平型鳞片总长度呈极显著正相关(P <0. 01)。判断水貂取皮时间时,可以选择冬季直针毛的毛根无髓段长度作为指标。 相似文献
12.
H. H. Zhang Q. K. Jiang W. L. Sun C. Xu B. Cong F. H. Yang G. Y. Li 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(6):1036-1042
The effect of different dietary protein levels and DL‐methionine (Met) supplementation on hair growth and the resulting pelt quality in mink was studied. Four groups of male mink were fed with four isocaloric diets containing 32% (P32), 24% (P24), 16% (P16) or P24+Met (0.8%) crude protein of dry matter (DM) from September to December. Skin biopsies were taken at the pelting. Histological techniques and computer‐assisted light microscopy were used to determine the ratio of activity (ROA) of under hairs and guard hairs respectively. The results showed that when the dietary protein level reduced from 32% to 16%, body length, number and diameter of under hairs and guard hairs of minks declined, and pelt length and pelt weight of minks decreased significantly (p < 0.05). These parameters were similar between P32 and P24 with Met supplementation (p > 0.05). The hair follicle density of the winter coat was not influenced by the dietary protein levels and Met supplementation (p > 0.05). Low‐protein diets content led to a reduction of hair follicle developing to next phase. It was documented that 24% crude protein of DM with Met supplementation during growing‐furring period was sufficient for minks to express their genetic capacity to develop hair follicles and achieve the prime fur characteristics. Overall this study demonstrated that hair growth and hair properties in pelts are very dependent on the dietary protein and Met supply in the growing‐furring period of minks. 相似文献
13.
Trine M Villumsen Guosheng Su Bernt Guldbrandtsen Torben Asp Mogens S Lund 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(1)
Genomic selection relies on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are often collected using medium-density SNP arrays. In mink, no such array is available; instead, genotyping by sequencing (GBS) can be used to generate marker information. Here, we evaluated the effect of genomic selection for mink using GBS. We compared the estimated breeding values (EBVs) from single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (SSGBLUP) models to the EBV from ordinary pedigree-based BLUP models. We analyzed seven size and quality traits from the live grading of brown mink. The phenotype data consisted of ~20,600 records for the seven traits from the mink born between 2013 and 2016. Genotype data included 2,103 mink born between 2010 and 2014, mostly breeding animals. In total, 28,336 SNP markers from 391 scaffolds were available for genomic prediction. The pedigree file included 29,212 mink. The predictive ability was assessed by the correlation (r) between progeny trait deviation (PTD) and EBV, and the regression of PTD on EBV, using 5-fold cross-validation. For each fold, one-fifth of animals born in 2014 formed the validation set. For all traits, the SSGBLUP model resulted in higher accuracies than the BLUP model. The average increase in accuracy was 15% (between 3% for fur clarity and 28% for body weight). For three traits (body weight, silky appearance of the under wool, and guard hair thickness), the difference in r between the two models was significant (P < 0.05). For all traits, the regression slopes of PTD on EBV from SSGBLUP models were closer to 1 than regression slopes from BLUP models, indicating SSGBLUP models resulted in less bias of EBV for selection candidates than the BLUP models. However, the regression coefficients did not differ significantly. In conclusion, the SSGBLUP model is superior to conventional BLUP model in the accurate selection of superior animals, and, thus, it would increase genetic gain in a selective breeding program. In addition, this study shows that GBS data work well in genomic prediction in mink, demonstrating the potential of GBS for genomic selection in livestock species. 相似文献
14.
Genetic parameters for fur quality graded on live animals and dried pelts of American mink (Neovison vison) 
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下载免费PDF全文 J.P. Thirstrup J. Jensen M.S. Lund 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2017,134(4):322-331
Fur quality and skin size are integral qualities in the mink industry and are main determinants of sales price and subsequent income for mink fur producers. Parental animals of future generations are selected based on quality grading from live animals, but selection response is obtained from dried skins sold after pelting. In this study, we evaluated traits assessed during live grading and pelt traits examined on dried skins to determine correlation between live and pelt traits. Grading traits and body weight were measured during live animal grading for 9,539 Brown American mink, and pelt quality traits and skin size were evaluated on 8,385 dried mink skins after pelting. Data were sampled from 2 yearly production cycles. Genetic parameters were estimated using the REML method implemented in the DMU package. Heritabilities and proportions of litter variance were calculated from estimated variance components for all traits, and genetic and phenotypic correlations between all traits were estimated in a series of bivariate analyses. Heritability estimates for live grading traits ranged from 0.06 to 0.28, heritability estimates for pelt quality traits ranged from 0.20 to 0.30, and finally heritability estimates for body size traits ranged from 0.43 to 0.48. Skin size and body weight were regarded as different traits for the two sexes and were therefore analysed for each sex separately. Genetic correlations between grading traits exhibited a range of 0.30–0.99 and genetic correlations between pelt quality traits ranged from 0.38 to 0.86. Genetic correlations between quality, wool density and silky appearance evaluated during live animal grading and on dried skin after pelting were 0.74, 0.41 and 0.33, respectively. Skin size and body weight were negatively correlated with pelt quality traits and ranged from −0.55 to −0.25. Using standard selection index theory and combined information from both live grading and skin evaluation increase of reliability of selection ranged from 0.6% to 14%. Due to moderate genetic correlations between traits evaluated during live grading and on dried skins, and negative correlations between pelt quality traits and body size, we concluded that traits should be selected simultaneously. 相似文献
15.
本研究以广东温氏南方家禽育种有限公司的N409品系为实验材料,估计了公、母鸡105日龄体尺性状和腹脂性状的相关性。结果显示:对于公鸡,除胫长外,各性状与腹脂重、腹脂率均呈不同程度的正表型相关,在遗传相关方面,各性状与腹脂重均呈正相关,各性状与腹脂率的相关性则不如腹脂重强;对于母鸡,除体斜长、胫长外,各性状均与腹脂重、腹脂率呈极显著的正表型相关,遗传相关方面,各性状均与腹脂重呈现不同程度的正相关,各性状与腹脂率的相关性则不如腹脂重强。本研究结果提示,胸宽、骨盆宽、体斜长、胫长可以作为腹脂性状的间接选育指标。 相似文献
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17.
Jussi Peura Ismo Strandén Esa A. Mäntysaari 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):137-144
Abstract Finnish blue fox farmers breed for increased litter size and pelt size, and improved fur quality. Some farmers select pelt size and fur quality indirectly using live animal evaluations (grading traits). In order to be able to define breeding goals properly, heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated for size traits and fur quality traits. There were four pelt character traits (pelt size, pelt colour darkness, pelt colour clarity and pelt quality) measured on dried skins, and six grading traits (animal size, grading colour darkness, grading colour clarity, underfur density, guard hair coverage and grading quality). The data included 54,680 animals born during the years 1987–2002, originating from seven farms. The heritabilities were high for pelt colour darkness and grading colour darkness, moderate for pelt size and low for other traits. In general, heritability of a pelt character trait was higher than its corresponding grading trait. Genetic correlations within the pelt character traits were low (～0.11) and within the grading traits mainly moderate or high (～0.44). There was high genetic correlation between pelt darkness and grading darkness, pelt quality and grading density, pelt size and animal size; between pelt quality and grading quality and between pelt colour darkness and grading guard hair coverage. This suggests that selection of pelt character traits via grading traits in most cases is relatively effective. 相似文献
18.
水獭针毛形态结构的稳定性与变异性的系统研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
选用非明显季节性换毛的水獭皮为实验材料，通过扫描电子显微镜观察毛的微观结构并系统比较了不同个体的相同身体部位、同一个体的不同部位以及不同生长阶段的各种针毛在微观结构上的差异性与稳定性。结果表明，水獭针毛的微观结构既有种的稳定性，也有因不同部位和不同生长阶段等的结构差异．从而提出应用毛的微观结构进行兽类分类与鉴别必须把握毛的类型、毛的生长阶段及所处的身体部位的可比性。 相似文献
19.
水貂多态蛋白位点与经济性状相关的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过建立一般线性模型对美国短毛黑、大连金州黑和左家型水貂遗传标记的筛选,方差分析表明,Pi-3对左家型水貂皮张长度有显著影响,Pi-3位点与美国短毛黑针绒毛长度比之间存在显著相关,Est是对金州黑水貂体重影响较大的位点,Po是对金州黑水貂针绒毛长度比影响较大的位点,Po和Est对金州黑水貂绒毛长度有显著影响。最小二乘均数结果表明,左家型水貂Pi-3的AA型与AB型间皮长差异显著,美国短毛黑中Pi-3的AA型与AB型间针绒毛长度比差异显著,金州黑水貂Est的AB和BB型体重之间也有显著差异,金州黑水貂Po的AA型与AB型的针绒毛长度比有显著差异,金州黑水貂Po的AA型与BB型和Est的AB和BC基因型之间的绒毛长度也有显著差异。 相似文献
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对鲁西斗鸡的体尺、体重和屠宰3组14个性状进行测定,并对这些变量进行了典型性相关分析。结果表明,体尺指标(胸深、胸宽、胫长、体斜长、龙骨长)间的相关系数为0.682~0.767;体重性状(初生重、180日龄重、日增重)间的相关系数为0.306~0.935,屠宰性能(胴体重、屠宰率、半净膛重、半净膛率、全净膛重,全净膛率)各项指标间高度相关,相关系数为0.945~0.986。体重性状和体尺性状间、体重性状与屠宰性状间及体尺性状与屠宰性状间的第一个典型相关系数差异极显著,其典型相关系数分别为0.705、0.560和0.878,贡献率分别为0.979、0.984和0.820。 相似文献