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1.
《动物营养学报》2021,33(7)
本试验旨在研究青蒿提取物对奶牛泌乳性能、血浆免疫与抗氧化指标的影响。采用完全随机区组设计,将20头中国荷斯坦奶牛按照泌乳期、体重、产奶量和胎次等相似原则随机分为4组,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加50、 100、150 g/(d·头)的青蒿提取物。预试期10 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加150 g/(d·头)青蒿提取物显著提高了产奶量和乳糖率(P0.05);添加100 g/(d·头)青蒿提取物显著提高了4%乳脂校正乳产量和乳糖率;添加50 g/(d·头)青蒿提取物显著提高了乳糖率(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,添加50、100、150 g/(d·头)青蒿提取物显著升高了血浆中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)的浓度(P0.05),显著降低了血浆中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的浓度(P0.05),对血浆中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)的浓度无显著影响(P0.05);血浆中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的浓度在50和100 g/(d·头)的添加水平下没有显著变化(P0.05),在150 g/(d·头)的添加水平下显著提高(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,添加50、100、150 g/(d·头)青蒿提取物显著提高了血浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性(P0.05),显著降低了血浆中丙二醛(MDA)的浓度(P0.05),对血浆中过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性无显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加青蒿提取物能够提高奶牛的泌乳性能、机体免疫力和抗氧化性能。本试验条件下,奶牛饲粮中青蒿提取物的适宜添加水平为100 g/(d·头)。 相似文献
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丙酸钙对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能和代谢产物的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用32头经产奶牛,根据泌乳期、上个泌乳期305 d产奶量和预产期,采用随机区组设计分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1、2、3组分别在基础日粮基础上添加丙酸钙100、200、300 g/d.结果显示,日粮添加丙酸钙对奶牛的采食量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳干物质率无显著影响,200、300 g/d组产奶量和饲料转化效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).200、300 g/d组血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而血浆游离脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);200、300 g/d组尿酮浓度显著低于对照组和100 g/d组(P<0.05).试验结果表明,丙酸钙适宜添加量为200 g/d. 相似文献
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饲粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能及乳脂中共轭亚油酸含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文旨在研究饲粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能及乳脂中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响。试验选取体重(600±29)kg、胎次2~3胎、泌乳期(158±3)d及泌乳量(22.8±1.8)kg/d的泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛15头,采用完全随机区组设计分为3组,每组5头,进行为期40 d的饲养试验,其中1~9 d为预试期,10~40 d为正试期。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组和试验2组分别在基础饲粮中添加96和160 g/(d·头)的黄花蒿乙醇提取物。结果表明:整个试验期间,2个试验组的产奶量(第24、31和40天)、乳脂率、乳脂产量、乳蛋白率、乳蛋白产量、非脂固形物含量以及乳脂中的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、短链脂肪酸、中链脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸含量与对照组相比均无显著差异(P0.05);2个试验组的乳脂中CLA含量分别比对照组提高了30.7%和38.6%,其中试验2组与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。由此得出,饲粮中添加适量的黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能没有明显影响,但可以提高其乳脂中CLA含量,从而优化乳脂中脂肪酸的比例。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2020,(5)
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加金银花提取物(LJE)对热应激奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响,以探究金银花提取物有效缓解奶牛热应激的适宜添加量。试验选取20头产奶量、胎次、泌乳日龄相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,每组5头。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加14(LJE-14组)、28(LJE-28组)、56 g/d(LJE-56组)的金银花提取物。预试期2周,正试期8周。结果表明:1)饲粮添加金银花提取物可显著降低热应激奶牛直肠温度(P0.05),而对呼吸频率无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮添加金银花提取物对热应激奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率、非脂乳固形物含量和总固形物含量无显著影响(P0.05)。3)饲粮添加金银花提取物可显著降低热应激奶牛血清肌酐含量(P0.05),对热应激奶牛血清尿酸、尿素、总蛋白、白蛋白和葡萄糖含量无显著影响(P0.05)。随着金银花提取物添加量的增加,血清葡萄糖含量呈二次升高趋势(P=0.072)。4)LJE-28组热应激奶牛血清免疫球蛋白G和白细胞介素-4含量显著高于CON组(P0.05)。饲粮添加金银花提取物对热应激奶牛血清免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M、白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-2含量无显著影响(P0.05),有降低热应激奶牛血清热休克蛋白-72含量的趋势(P=0.084)。综上所述,饲粮添加金银花提取物对热应激奶牛生产性能无显著影响,可提高热应激奶牛免疫应答,有助于缓解奶牛热应激。本试验条件下,有效缓解奶牛热应激的金银花提取物适宜添加量为28 g/d。 相似文献
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选用36头经产奶牛.根据泌乳期、上一泌乳期305d产奶量和预产期.采用随机区组设计分为4组,研究甘油(0、100、200和300g/d)对泌乳早期奶牛采食量、产奶量、乳成分和饲料转化效率的影响.结果表明:日粮添加甘油对奶牛的采食量、产奶量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳干物质率无显著影响,200g/d组和300g/d组饲料转化效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),300g/d组乳脂率显著低于对照组和100g/d组(P<0.05).根据试验结果,添加甘油明显改善了泌乳早期奶牛能量平衡,甘油适宜添加量为200g/d. 相似文献
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丙酸镁对泌乳早期奶牛体况、泌乳性能和代谢参数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用36头经产奶牛,根据泌乳期、上一泌乳期305 d产奶量和预产期,采用随机区组设计分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1,2和3组分别在基础日粮基础上添加丙酸镁50,100和150 g/d,研究丙酸镁对泌乳早期奶牛采食量、泌乳性能、血液代谢参数和尿酮浓度的影响。结果表明,添加丙酸镁对奶牛的采食量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳干物质率无显著影响,添加丙酸镁100和150 g/d对产乳量、饲料转化效率、体况及代谢参数有改善,该二处理组产奶量、饲料转化效率、体况评分、能量平衡、血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而血浆游离脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),尿酮浓度(除100 g/d组产后7 d测定值与50 g/d组无显著差异外)显著低于对照组和50 g/d组(P<0.05)。根据试验结果,丙酸镁适宜添加量为100 g/d。 相似文献
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甜菜碱对奶牛采食量、泌乳性能和血液指标的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选用20头体重(597±11.8)kg、泌乳天数(88±4.5)d、日产奶(26.3±0.5)kg的经产奶牛,随机分为4组,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究甜菜碱(0、50、100和150g/d)对泌乳早期奶牛采食量、泌乳性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明:日粮添加甜菜碱对奶牛的采食量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和血糖浓度无显著影响,100g/d组和150g/d组鲜奶产量显著高于对照组和50g/d组(P<0.05);100g/d组和150g/d组4%乳脂校正乳、能量校正乳和乳脂产量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);100g/d组乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);100g/d组和150g/d组血浆游离脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。根据以上结果推断,甜菜碱的适宜添加水平为100g/d。 相似文献
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旨在研究饲粮中添加改性凹土对泌乳前期奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响。选取24头产奶量和泌乳时间相近的荷斯坦奶牛，随机分为2组。对照组饲喂原奶牛场日粮，试验组每天添加15 g/d改性凹土，改性凹土与少量精料混合后单独投喂，对照组饲喂等量精料。试验预饲期7 d,正试期56 d。试验期间每周测定1次乳成分，试验开始和结束时采血样，用于测定血液生化指标。结果表明：与对照组相比，饲粮添加15 g/d改性凹土后奶牛乳蛋白率显著提高(P<0.05),乳糖率显著降低(P<0.05);与试验前相比，饲粮添加15 g/d改性凹土后奶牛血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽(GSH-PX)活力显著提高(P<0.05),白介素-6(IL-6)、脂多糖(LPS)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上，改性凹土可提高泌乳前期奶牛乳蛋白率和机体抗氧化能力，降低机体炎症反应。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2015,(8)
本试验旨在通过在饲粮中添加不同剂量的杜仲叶提取物,确定其在泌乳奶牛中的安全使用剂量。将60头泌乳高峰期荷斯坦奶牛按体重、胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相同或相近的原则随机分为4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮上添加20、100和200 g/(d·头)杜仲叶提取物。预试期10 d,试验期60 d。结果表明:添加适量杜仲叶提取物[20 g/(d·头)]有提高奶牛干物质采食量的作用,同时对产奶量和乳脂率有明显提升作用,并可降低牛奶体细胞数;添加100 g/(d·头)杜仲叶提取物使奶牛干物质采食量比对照组降低了0.78%(P0.05),且产奶量比对照组降低了1.38%(P0.05);添加200 g/(d·头)杜仲叶提取物使奶牛干物质采食量比对照组显著降低了3.42%(P0.05),且使牛奶体细胞数显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。添加适量杜仲叶提取物[20 g/(d·头)]对奶牛营养物质的消化率有促进作用,但是添加高剂量杜仲叶提取物[200 g/(d·头)]对营养物质的消化具有抑制作用。添加高剂量杜仲叶提取物[100和200 g/(d·头)]未对奶牛血液指标产生不良影响。综上所述,同时结合生产实际,推荐以100 g/(d·头)杜仲叶提取物作为泌乳奶牛最高安全使用剂量。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2019,(19):42-48
文章旨在研究饲粮中添加沙葱及其提取物对肉羊瘤胃微生物菌群及瘤胃液消化酶活性的影响。试验选用24只体重为(37.1±0.5) kg的杜寒杂交(小尾寒羊♀×杜泊羊♂)F1代,随机分为4组,每组6个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,沙葱组在基础饲粮中添加10 g/(d·只)沙葱粉,水溶组在基础饲粮中添加3.4 g/(d·只)沙葱水溶性提取物,脂溶组在基础饲粮中添加2.8 g/(d·只)沙葱脂溶性提取物。试验共75 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期60 d;在正饲期内每隔30 d于晨饲后2 h采集瘤胃液测定瘤胃微生物菌群和相关消化酶活性。结果表明:①与对照组相比,在30 d和60 d时,饲粮中添加沙葱及其提取物显著提高(P<0.05)瘤胃液总细菌含量;在60 d时,添加沙葱水溶性提取物显著提高(P<0.05)瘤胃液总厌氧真菌含量;在60 d时,添加沙葱显著降低(P<0.05)瘤胃液原虫含量;对各处理组牛链球菌和普雷沃氏菌没有显著影响(P>0.05)。②与对照组相比,在30 d和60 d时,饲粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能显著提高木聚糖酶活性和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05);在60 d时,添加沙葱及其提取物显著提高滤纸纤维素酶活性(P<0.05);在60 d时,饲粮中添加沙葱水溶性提取物显著提高β-葡萄糖苷酶活性(P<0.05)。在30 d和60 d时,添加沙葱及其提取物显著提高瘤胃内淀粉酶活性(P<0.05)。综上所述,沙葱及其提取物能够提高细菌和厌氧真菌的数量,降低原虫的数量而影响瘤胃微生物区系,且能够有效提高相关消化酶的活性。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献