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1.
为解决高等级生物安全实验室不同种类废弃物高压蒸汽灭菌处理所需参数不同的问题，本试验采用脉动真空灭菌方法模拟生物安全实验室废弃物处理流程，使用二项Logistic回归算法分析废弃物种类、包装层数、灭菌时间、真空度和脉动真空次数对高压蒸汽灭菌效果的影响。结果显示：废弃物种类、包装层数、真空度和脉动真空次数对灭菌效果均具有显著性影响(P<0.05),而灭菌时间对灭菌效果的影响并不显著(P>0.05);采用3次脉动真空，真空度设定80 kPa,温度维持121℃,灭菌时间30 min可实现对多层包装封口的全种类废弃物有效灭菌。本试验通过探索不同种类废弃物同载灭菌模式，对进一步提升高等级生物安全实验室不同废弃物灭菌处理效率和增强实验室生物安全风险防控能力具有重要技术支撑作用。 相似文献
2.
盘伟岚 《广东畜牧兽医科技》2012,(1):28-29,38
对普通鸡饲料、SPF鸡专用饲料采用高压蒸气或钴60辐照灭菌,对其灭菌后的灭菌效果、营养成分指标进行分析比较来探讨引起育成SPF鸡血清果冻样的原因。结果表明:高压蒸气灭菌的普通的鸡饲料蛋白质含量和脂肪含量分别比钴60辐照灭菌的SPF鸡专用饲料高2.94%和2.48%,而种鸡多维采用高压蒸气灭菌可导致维生素B1缺失。本试验的结果提示饲喂经高压蒸气灭菌的普通饲料与种鸡多维可能会因营养物质配比不协调导致育成SPF鸡容易出现果冻样血清。 相似文献
3.
为探索动物生物安全实验室不同种类废弃物合理的高压灭菌程序,探讨脉动真空灭菌器灭菌时间和脉动参数对灭菌效果的影响,以化学指示卡和生物指示剂为判断标准,研究了不同种类废弃物（动物尸体、粪便以及防护服、利器盒等一般废弃物）的灭菌程序。在程序设置方面,以灭菌温度121℃,脉动4次,排空上限80 kPa为灭菌固定参数,通过设置不同的灭菌时间和脉动下限,探索有效灭菌程序。结果显示：当灭菌时间为90 min,排空下限为-10 kPa时,猪、牛、羊等大动物尸体及其粪便灭菌合格;当排空下限为-80 kPa,灭菌时间分别为30、60、120 min时,一般废弃物、小动物尸体、禽类粪便灭菌合格。结果表明,通过调整灭菌时间和脉动参数,对不同种类废弃物进行分类高压,灭菌效果更加理想。本研究为动物生物安全实验室的废弃物处理提供了参考。 相似文献
4.
为建立牛型结核菌素高压灭菌模型，验证生物安全三级实验室对大量培养的牛分枝杆菌的高压蒸汽灭菌效果，通过型式试验，优化排空、升温、灭菌和排气等阶段的各项参数，最终确认最佳灭菌参数，建立灭菌模型。结果显示：灭菌温度121 ℃、灭菌时间10 min、排空4次、排气压差12 kPa、冷却温度98 ℃时，满载的牛分枝杆菌灭菌效果最好。本研究建立了制备牛型结核菌素国家标准品的高压灭菌模型，保证了满载牛分枝杆菌的灭菌效果，为防范人兽共患病原菌扩散，改进牛型结核菌素提纯制备工艺作出了有益探索。 相似文献
5.
《饲料研究》2017,(15)
探明2种不同灭菌方法对大/小鼠饲料中维生素和氨基酸的损失率和灭菌效果,阐明配合饲料最佳灭菌方法,探究饲料的营养成分保持方法。研究分别采用高压蒸汽灭菌(121℃30 min)和60Co-γ射线辐照(8.06 kGy)灭菌方法对大/小鼠配合饲料样品进行处理;依据国家标准测定大/小鼠配合饲料经不同灭菌方法处理前后维生素含量、氨基酸含量及微生物指标;通过比较各组饲料维生素和氨基酸的损失率及灭菌效果,综合评价2种灭菌方法的差别,探究和分析饲料营养成分的保持方法。结果显示,除维生素A、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天门冬氨酸和组氨酸外,辐照灭菌组大/小鼠配合饲料中维生素和氨基酸成分的损失率均低于高压蒸汽灭菌组;且与辐照灭菌组相比,高压蒸汽灭菌效果更确实。结果表明,60Co-γ射线辐照(8.06 kGy)灭菌对饲料中营养成分的损失率及灭菌效果均低于高压蒸汽灭菌方法,但前者方法处理的灭菌效果不如后者确实。 相似文献
6.
探讨不同的灭菌条件,对实验动物配合颗粒饲料(鼠料)中营养成分的影响。采用不同时间的高压蒸汽(121℃、0.14 MPa)(蒸汽灭菌)和不同剂量的60 Co-γ射线照射(照射灭菌)对鼠料灭菌,依据国标做细菌培养,观察灭菌条件及效果,并对鼠料进行营养成分的测定。结果表明,20 min蒸汽灭菌和20.0 kGy剂量60 Co-γ射线照射时细菌培养为阴性;蒸汽灭菌比照射灭菌更容易造成营养成分的破坏,两种方法差异显著(P<0.05),且不同时间下水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸及维生素的损失都有显著差异(P<0.05),矿物质除铁外损失无显著差异(P>0.05);不同剂量照射下,各种营养成分的损失差异不显著(P>0.05)。鼠料消毒灭菌的适宜条件为20 min蒸汽灭菌或20.0 kGy照射灭菌;蒸汽灭菌对鼠料的营养成分影响较大,而照射灭菌则影响较小。 相似文献
7.
使用三种指示剂对压力蒸汽灭菌效果进行观察，结果发现，１２１℃作用２０ｍｉｎ，用嗜热脂肪杆菌芽孢菌片监测合格率为７１％，化学指示卡为５４％，指示管为１００％；１２１℃作用３０ｍｉｎ，菌片法为９５％，化学指示卡为９０％，指示管为１００％；１２６℃，合格率为１００％。物品透气性差，灭菌效果亦差。关键词压力蒸汽灭菌；化学指示剂；生物指示剂；灭菌监测方法。 相似文献
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10.
小动物手术器械和其他器械灭菌的方法包括蒸汽、化学、干热和放射等方法。任何灭菌方法的可靠性都取决于物品上微生物的数量、种类和自身的抵抗力。另外,物品上存在其他物质可能造成灭菌剂的屏蔽和失活。1蒸汽灭菌法高压蒸汽灭菌是医院常用的灭菌方法,蒸汽通过凝固和细胞蛋白变性的方法破坏微生物。为保证所有的微生物都被灭活,蒸汽的温度、压力和物品暴露于蒸汽中的时间是灭菌效果的关键所在。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
19.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献