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1.
应用胶体金免疫层析法测定牛奶中的磺胺类药物残留   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
应用胶体金免疫层析法对牛奶中的磺胺类药物残留进行检测,研究该方法的灵敏度、假阳性率、假阴性率及特异性。结果表明,用胶体金免疫层析法测定牛奶中的磺胺类药物,检测限分别为磺胺嘧啶60μg/L、磺胺二甲基嘧啶20μg/L、磺胺喹噁啉80μg/L、磺胺氯哒嗪30μg/L、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶50μg/L、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶50μg/L、磺胺甲噁唑80μg/L、磺胺苯酰50μg/L、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶30μg/L、磺胺异噁唑10μg/L、磺胺甲氧哒嗪70μg/L、磺胺多辛70μg/L,假阳性率为2%,假阴性率为0;方法的特异性较好,对其他抗生素无交叉反应;检测实际样本的结果与液相色谱-质谱/质谱法基本一致。可见,该方法简便、快速、准确、稳定,适用于牛奶中磺胺类药物残留的现场快速检测。  相似文献   

2.
建立了用于禽肉中氯羟吡啶和磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧嘧啶、磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲基异噁唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺喹噁啉等残留测定的高效液相色谱法。样品以乙腈-氯仿提取,正己烷脱脂净化,以Symmetry C18 5μm(4.6 mm×150 mm)色谱柱进行分离,二极管阵列检测器检测,梯度洗脱测定氯羟吡啶和8种磺胺。回收率在71.7%~99.7%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~3.8%,最低检测限除磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺喹噁啉为0.02 mg/kg外,其余都可达到0.01 mg/kg。该方法已成功应用于禽类样品多兽药残留的检测。  相似文献   

3.
建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定鸡蛋中5种磺胺类药物(磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺喹噁啉、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶)和甲氧苄啶的残留量的方法。样品经乙腈提取2次, 95%乙腈溶液进行溶解后,过Alumina B Cartridges柱,30%乙腈洗脱,滤膜过滤后滤液用于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定,外标基质标准曲线法定量。在0.5～100μg/kg的浓度范围内5种磺胺类药物和甲氧苄啶色谱峰面积与浓度呈良好线性相关,相关系数均大于0.99;方法检测限0.5μg/kg、定量限为1.0μg/kg;鸡蛋样品中5种磺胺类药物和甲氧苄啶在1.0～100.0μg/kg添加水平内的平均回收率在66.3%～97.5%之间,批内、批间相对标准偏差在1.4%～11.4%之间。该方法回收率满足残留检测要求,且方法的重现性良好,满足国内外兽药残留相关法规规定。  相似文献   

4.
采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法研究磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMD)和二甲氧苄啶(DVD)预混剂在白羽肉鸡体内各组织中的残留消除规律。对48只健康白羽肉鸡连续饲喂添加1 000mg/kg磺胺对甲氧嘧啶和二甲氧苄啶预混剂(含SMD 200mg,DVD 40mg)的全价饲料10d,在停药后4h,1、3、6、9、12、15d分别宰杀6只鸡,采集各组织进行药物残留测定。通过空白样品添加回收试验,所有基质中SMD和DVD的定量限分别为10μg/kg和5μg/kg,SMD和DVD分别在50、100、200μg/kg和25、50、100μg/kg 3个添加水平下的平均回收率为71.7%~102.3%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~11.9%。结果表明,磺胺对甲氧嘧啶和二甲氧苄啶预混剂在肾脏中残留量最高,肝脏其次;肌肉和皮脂中的残留量显著低于肝脏和肾脏,停药9d时,残留量低于药物残留限量。综合各组织中总残留量和最高残留限量规定,建议磺胺对甲氧嘧啶和二甲氧苄啶预混剂在鸡的休药期为7d。  相似文献   

5.
建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)测定饲料中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺喹恶啉5种磺胺类药物的方法。考察了碱性氧化铝小柱的最大饱和容量及洗脱条件,优化了色谱条件:流动相为乙腈和水(257∶5,v/v),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为270 nm。在优化条件下,方法的最低定量限分别为磺胺嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶5 mg/kg;磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺喹恶啉2 mg/kg。方法的线性范围在0.2～200μg/mL之间,线性相关系数高于0.9996。将该方法用于鸡配合饲料、猪配合饲料和浓缩饲料中磺胺类药物残留的测定,不同添加浓度的回收率均高于80%,相对标准偏差≤10%,能够满足实际样品的分析要求。  相似文献   

6.
为了解本地屠宰场猪肉中磺胺类抗生素药物残留情况,采用高效液相色谱法,对65头生猪里脊肉中磺胺类抗生素含量进行了定量检测,结果显示,磺胺类抗生素的检出率和超标率分别为2.5%和0。在检测的8种磺胺类药物中检出率最高的是磺胺间甲氧嘧啶,为7.7%,其次是磺胺甲基嘧啶,为3%,其他磺胺喹口恶啉、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲口恶唑、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶均为1.5%,检出最高值为磺胺间甲氧嘧啶19.16μg/kg。结果表明,本次测定的猪里脊肉磺胺类抗生素含量检出率较低,超标率为零,全部在限量范围内。针对检出的残留,潜在的威胁仍不能忽视,监管部门应继续加强管理,科学指导养殖业抗生素的合理使用。  相似文献   

7.
牛奶中磺胺类抗生素的快速检测分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
陆勤  林峰  朱柳明 《中国乳业》2006,(11):51-53
建立牛奶中磺胺类抗生素残留检测的放射免疫方法。通过对磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺甲基异恶唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺喹恶啉8种磺胺类药物在空白牛奶样品中的加标试验,确定该方法的筛选水平。结果发现,采用放射免疫法检测牛奶中的磺胺类抗生素,筛选水平可达到10μg/L,变异系数在1.79%￣5.56%之间;对8种磺胺类药物的混合标准溶液进行检测,100%可以被检测出,检测限达5μg/L。放射免疫法检测牛奶样品中的磺胺类抗生素,方法简便、快速,灵敏度和精确度能够达到检测要求。  相似文献   

8.
磺胺素药物包括氨苯磺胺、磺胺噻唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺喹恶啉、磺胺异恶唑、磺胺甲基异恶唑、磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶和磺胺二甲氧嘧啶等多种最常见的药物。其中动物肠道易吸收的磺胺类药物较易引起急性中毒。  相似文献   

9.
继美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)实施对进口肉禽动物源性食品的11种药物残留量限制后,近来日本也开始对11种药物残留量进行检测,其种类和最高限量分别为:氯霉素0.05mg/kg、磺胺甲基嘧啶0.02mg/kg、磺胺二甲嘧啶0.01mg/kg、磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶0.03mg/kg、碘胺二甲氧嘧喀啶0.04mg/kg、磺胺喹恶林0.05mg/kg、亚喹酸(喹菌酮)。日提高进口肉禽食品门槛  相似文献   

10.
磺胺类药物作为广谱抗菌药物在动物疾病的预防与治疗、饲料添加剂以及食品保鲜中广泛使用。而磺胺类药物的残留不仅能破坏人类的造血系统,引起溶血性贫血症、粒细胞缺乏症、血小板减少症等疾病。而且可引起过敏反应,轻者可引起皮肤瘙痒和荨麻疹,重者引起血管水肿,甚至导致死亡。为了摸索此类药物的测定,笔者用高效液相色谱法同时测定禽肉中的磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶。样品经二氯甲烷提取、浓缩、溶解,用高效液相色谱法、紫外检测法测定。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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