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自然界中的天然产物是来源于植物、动物和微生物体内的构成成分或生物体内的代谢成分及各种内源性化学成分，主要包括植物天然产物、动物天然产物和微生物天然产物。天然产物对动物繁殖性状存在调控作用。对于雄性生殖来说，天然产物主要影响精子发生、精子活力及性行为活动，促进雄性动物生殖的天然产物有淫羊藿苷、枸杞多糖、蒺藜皂甙等，而大麻提取物、印楝素等对雄性生殖产生负面影响。对于雌性生殖来说，天然产物主要影响卵子发生、卵泡发育及胎儿生长发育，茶多酚、白藜芦醇、染料木黄酮、林蛙油等天然产物能促进雌性动物生殖，桔霉素、姜黄素等能抑制雌性动物生殖；天然产物中激素类对于雌性动物繁殖的影响最大，从卵子发生到胚胎发育的各个阶段均有参与；在妊娠期，母体吸收的天然产物对胎儿发育会产生一定的影响。作者主要综述了天然产物对动物繁殖的影响，为天然产物在动物繁殖调控中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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在奶牛的双胎中，约有50％左右为异性双胎，由于生殖器官畸形，而丧失繁殖能力。经饲养证明，异性双胎所生的母犊长大后，绝大多数不能生育。原因是在胚胎发育时期，一般怀胎到30d左右尿膜囊就愈合，而形成共同的尿膜绒毛。随着尿膜绒毛的形成，绒毛膜的血管也连接在一起，使2个胎儿的血液变成共同流动的状态。胎儿的性别在同性时不发生问题，但在异性的时候，雄性胎儿生殖腺发育较早，雄性胎儿分泌的激素通过胎膜血管进入雌性胎儿体内，抑制了雌性胎儿卵巢皮质及生殖道的发育，使雌性胎儿介于雌雄之间，出现畸形。 相似文献
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异性孪生不孕多发生在母牛,马、猪、羊等少发,这是因为异性双胎的胎儿在胚胎生长期里绒毛膜血管之间形成吻合支,在生物的雄性发育优势的影响下,雄性胎儿的激素通过吻合支的血液首先流入雌性胎儿体内,抑制了雌性胎儿性器官的正常发育并雄性化,致使雌性胎 相似文献
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1先天性不孕1.1异性孪生异性孪生是由于2个胎儿的线毛膜血管间有吻合支,较早发育的雄性胎儿生殖腺产生的雄性激素对雌性生殖器官发生作用,抑制了卵巢皮质及生殖道的发育, 相似文献
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异性孪生(雌雄同体)指不完全的(假)两性畸形于一只猪体内的现象.其特征是缺少生殖器官的某些部分或发育极不完全.这种畸形的原因是由于近亲交配、基因变异产生.两个胎儿绒毛膜血管之间有吻合支,雄性胎儿的生殖腺发育较早,雄激素通过吻合支进入雌性胎儿体内,对其生殖器官发生两种作用:一种是抑制卵巢皮质及生殖道的发育,因此异性孪生的母畜的生殖器官不能发育;另一种足使雌性胎儿生殖腺雄性化,只是子宫及子宫角壁较薄,因而异性孪生母畜的体态至成年时也介乎雌雄之间,而且有的卵巢好象隐睾一样,这与隐睾又有区别. 相似文献
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抑制素对雄性动物生殖的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
抑制素是一种由雌性动物的卵泡颗粒细胞和雄性动物的睾丸支持细胞分泌的糖蛋白激素。用抑制素或其片段主动或被动免疫以提高母畜的排卵率和产仔数方面的试验国内外已做了很多，并得到了肯定的结果。但其对雄性动物生殖的影响研究得较少。现就从雄性动物抑制素分泌途径、浓度的变化，对FSH水平影响、生殖调节，抑制素免疫对公畜繁殖力的影响及存在的问题加以阐述。 相似文献
8.
汞的生殖毒性和发育毒性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文综述了汞对雄性及雌性动物的生殖毒性 ,汞的胎盘及哺乳毒性、汞对胚胎和出生后动物发育的影响。汞能降低雄性鼠类及鹌鹑的交配能力 ,破坏鸭的睾丸间质细胞及精母细胞 ,并能破坏禽类的蛋壳结构而影响其生殖功能。汞不仅能通过胎盘途径 ,而且能经过哺乳途径进入胎儿体内 ,从而引起神经损伤等病变。汞能抑制蝌蚪的正常变态 ,引起动物胚胎被吸收或胚胎死亡 ,也可以导致胎儿腭裂、四肢缺失及脑部畸形。接触甲基汞的雄性小鼠对其第二代仔鼠的发育毒性比第一代更显著。 相似文献
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<正>1先天性不孕1.1异性孪生异性孪生是由于2个胎儿的线毛膜血管间有吻合支,较早发育的雄性胎儿生殖腺产生的雄性激素对雌性生殖器官发生作用,抑制了卵巢皮质及生殖道的发育,使母犊的生殖器官发育不全,从而使母犊失去繁殖能力。这类牛无治疗价值,尽早淘汰。孪生母犊不作留养,以减少牧场损失。 相似文献
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Full-term development of offspring using round spermatids produced ectopically from fetal male germ cells 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The continuous production of mammalian sperm is maintained by the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells, which originate from primordial germ cells in the early embryo. Previously, we reported that the transplantation of fetal male gonadal tissue into the recipient testis was effective obtaining functional sperm. This transplantation technique is a promising new approach for the preservation of testicular function in a mutant animal with embryonic lethality. In the present study, we examined whether spermatogenesis from fetal male germ cells is induced under ectopic conditions in male and female recipients. Nine to 10 weeks after the transplantation of male gonads prepared from embryos at 12.5 or 16.5 days post gestation, male germ cell differentiation occurred under the skin of male and female recipient nude mice. Histological analyses revealed that grafted gonads contained haploid germ cells such as round or elongated spermatids. Furthermore, we succeeded in obtaining normal progeny by injecting the ectopically produced round spermatids into the cytoplasm of oocytes, even when the male germ cells had been generated in female recipients. These results indicate that the transplantation of fetal male gonads under the skin of recipient mice is a useful technique for obtaining functional male gametes. 相似文献
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W. P. Bredal S. I. Thoresen A. Kvellestad K. Lindblad † 《The Journal of small animal practice》1997,38(1):21-24
A seven-month-old male pedigree cat was brought to the Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine for routine castration. Visual examination of the external genitalia revealed a wide genital cleft with non-fused bilaterally located testicular pouches. A large clitoris, which was penis-like with small penile spines, was seen protruding dorsally from the ventral commissure of the genital cleft. During an exploratory coeliotomy, no intra-abdominal genital structures of müllerian origin were found. The skin pouches on either side of the vulvar cleft were incised and grossly normal testicles were removed. Histology of the removed gonads showed no or very sparse spermatogenesis. The chromosomal sex was determined by karyotyping to be a normal male 38XY. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of male pseudohermaphroditism was made. The aetlology of the condition in this cat was not determined. 相似文献
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Weng Q Murase T Asano M Tsubota T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(6):603-605
A wild raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procynoides) which died due to a traffic accident on 18 October 2001, and was determined to be 4.5 years old, was examined. Visual appearance of the external genitalia in this animal showed to be female with a large penis-like clitoris protruding from the vulvar juncture. Visual examination of the internal genitalia revealed that the animal possessed both testes and uterus. Histological appearance of the removed gonads showed only Sertoli cells but no spermatogenesis. Using polymerase chain reaction with skin biopsy directed against the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY) gene, the genomic SRY gene was expressed as a single band and sequenced. Based on these findings, this raccoon dog was diagnosed as male pseudohermaphrodite. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究胚胎期大鼠性腺生长与分化的情况。选取12.5~15.5 dpc SD大鼠胚胎为研究对象,运用PCR技术进行大鼠胚胎性别鉴定,采用H-E技术对大鼠性腺分化形态进行观察。结果表明:12.5 d的鼠胚肾管已经开始形成,生殖嵴已经建立,此时仍无明显的性别分化形态;13.5 d的鼠胚开始出现性别分化的迹象,雄性的原始性索开始形成,雌性性腺分化比雄性稍晚,此期仍不易辨别出典型的卵巢特征结构;14.5 d的鼠胚性腺形态初步成型,此期性别明显分化,雄性的原始性索开始分化为实心原始生精小管,雌性胚胎中性腺分为两层,初步形成卵巢特征;15.5 d的鼠胚,雄性胚胎性腺中已经具有明显的曲精小管的雏形,雌性胚胎卵巢特征也开始明显。大鼠胚胎性腺从13.5 d胚龄时开始分化,15.5 d胚龄性腺特征明显。 相似文献
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Intersexuality is a rare congenital anomaly of horses. Diagnosis of intersexuality is difficult because there are usually no specific changes in the reproductive tract visible. During a period of five years, ten patients with reduced fertility or suspected intersexuality respectively were investigated using cytogenetic, molecular genetic, histopathological and endocrinological methods. In one case a 64,XX/63,X0 mosaicism was found. In six cases male pseudohermaphroditism was verified. These patients showed a male karyotype, testes and rudimentary parts of a female reproductive tract were present. One horse was suspected to be a male pseudohermaphrodite but the gonads were not examined. One horse was suspected to be affected by an XX-sex several syndrome and in one case a SRY-negative XY-sex reversal syndrome was most likely. In the case of an XX-sex reversal syndrome, there is a female chromosomal constitution, an uterus and cranial parts of the vagina are present but also testes tissue and possibly an enlarged penis like clitoris. Here an XX-sex reversal syndrome was suspected but not confirmed as it was not possible to examine the gonads and verify tissue from testes. Therefore a pseudohermaphroditismus femininus could not be excluded. In cases of XY-sex reversal syndrome the patients show a male chromosomal constitution, parts of a female reproductive tract but no testes tissue is present. For the horse described here, a deletion of the SRY gene was the most likely cause for the XY-sex reversal syndrome. 相似文献
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A Torres JF Silva N Bernardes J Sales Luís L Lopes da Costa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):e33-e37
Here is reported a disorder of sex development found in the Portuguese Lusitano horse breed. The complex genital phenotype included mammary glands, abdominal testes without epididymis, connected through oviducts to pelvic hypoplastic uterine horns and fused vulvar labia majora from which protruded ventrally a penis‐like structure. This structure was presented in a reversed position, the urethral opening placed dorsally in the glans. However, it was functional both for micturition and erection. The horse exhibited female micturition posture and aggressive male‐like behaviour, including flehmen, mounting, thrusting and flagging of the tail. Plasma testosterone concentrations were below detection limits and the genetic evaluation revealed a 64, XX, SRY‐negative karyotype. Surgery consisted in the removal of abdominal gonads followed by amputation of the penis and repositioning of the urethra. This case of reversion between the chromosomal and gonadal sex, associated with mixed anatomical and behavioural phenotype, illustrates that development of the testes may occur in the absence of the SRY gene and that other genetic and cellular pathways leading to gonad differentiation should be investigated. 相似文献
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芳香化酶抑制剂诱导番鸭性别的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验在番鸭胚性分化前注入芳香化酶抑制剂Formestane(F组)或Letrozole(L组)进行孵化,以了解其对孵化率的影响;通过人工雌雄鉴别和剖检,了解雄番鸭性腺发育情况.结果表明芳香化酶抑制剂对番鸭孵化率存在一定的影响,尤其L组的孵化率最低,经统计分析,F组与对照组间孵化率差异不显著(P＞0.05),L组与对照组间孵化率差异显著(P＜0.05);性别鉴定结果为,F组与L组公番鸭所占比例间无显著差异(P＞0.05),而F组与对照组间差异极显著(P＜0.01),L组与对照组比较,则公番鸭所占比例差异显著(P＜0.05);对人工性别鉴定为雄性的番鸭进行随机剖检,发现有部分公番鸭的睾丸与正常睾丸形态不同,左侧睾丸比右侧略大,偏长,组织结构不紧密. 相似文献
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Anti Müllerian Hormone, AMH, is believed to be the main agent in the freemartin syndrome. Supposing an active role of freemartin gonads in AMH secretion, in the present study, we aimed at investigating the presence and the localization of AMH producing cells either in fetal or in adult freemartin gonads. Our finding of positive AMH cells in a 26-week-old freemartin fetus indicates an active role of masculinized freemartin gonads in AMH secretion. However, the positive reaction, limited to few cells grouped in 'nests' in proximity to testis cord-like structures, supports a chimeric origin of such cells, migrated from the male co-twin. No adult freemartin, irrespective from the degree of masculinization, showed any AMH positive cell. 相似文献
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《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(2):172-177
Abstract Diseases were monitored for 1 year in a cohort of approximately 560 Japanese medakas Oryzias latipes kept in a laboratory at Tulane University. The fish were maintained as part of a breeding colony for embryological studies. Eighty-six fish exhibiting disease or injury during the year were examined histopathologically. Two adult Japanese medakas (one male and one female) had ectopic hermaphroditic gonads in the cranial cavity. The ectopic gonads were bordered by meninges and cranium. The ectopic gonads in both cases consisted mostly of spermatocytes and spermatids with numerous islands of primary germ cells and a few ovarian follicles. An ectopic gonad in the cranial cavity has not been previously reported in vertebrates. 相似文献
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黄鳝性逆转过程中性腺形态学初步观察 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
试验通过对性逆转过程中雌、雄鳝以及雌雄间体鳝的性腺的形态学进行观察 ,结果显示 ,雌鳝性腺大部分含肉眼可见的卵粒 ,但各时期卵巢的卵粒大小不一。雌雄间性阶段黄鳝性腺肉眼仅见不同形态的卵粒 ,部分卵粒极少 ;组织切片既可观察到卵母细胞 ,还可发现结缔组织纵隔和在纵隔上形成的管状结构的早期精细管 ;而雄鳝阶段黄鳝性腺多呈乳白色带有黑色斑点 ,带有较多且大的黑色斑点性腺可能是卵母细胞退化凋亡痕迹 ,其切面中有较稀疏精母细胞 ,可能属早期的精巢 ;乳白色性腺中黑色斑点极少 ,精母细胞相对较密集 ,可能是成熟期的精巢。试验表明黄鳝“性逆转”在形态学上具有明显的阶段性特征 相似文献