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(一)亲鳝的选择和培养 用于繁殖的鳝种,要求体质健壮、游动活泼,体色以粗黑色、黄褐色或黑花、绿褐色为佳。黄鳝具有性转化特性,1冬龄和2冬龄黄鳝基本上为雌性,2冬龄黄鳝产卵后雄性比例渐增,至6冬龄时基本上是雄体。在非产卵季节,很难鉴别雌雄,一般体长37～50厘米,体重75～200克,为雄鳝,小于这一规格为雌鳝。 相似文献
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黄鳝生态繁殖技术的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
介绍了黄鳝在自然环境中繁殖习性 ,并依据黄鳝的自然繁殖特性 ,于 2 0 0 2年用人工方法对亲鳝进行催熟催产 ,诱使雌、雄亲鳝在仿自然生态环境中自行进行交配繁殖 ,一次性获得黄鳝苗种 33 5万尾。克服了雌、雄黄鳝性腺发育难以同步 ,怀卵量低 ,人工授精率极低等因素 ,为开展黄鳝的规模化育苗提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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二氢吡啶对雌性黄鳝繁殖性能的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在每千克黄鳝饲料中添加150 mg二氢吡啶,饲喂亲雌鳝鱼40 d,以雌鳝的性腺成熟系数、一级卵细胞数、二级卵细胞数、绝对怀卵量、孵化率、各组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量等为指标,研究二氢吡啶对雌鳝繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,试验组的性成熟系数、绝对怀卵量、孵化率明显高于对照组,雌鳝的绝对怀卵量提高13.24%,孵化率提高了20.64%;卵巢、肝脏以及肌肉各组织中SOD活性和MDA含量显著降低。此结果说明了二氢吡啶可改善雌性黄鳝的繁殖性能,改善卵的质量,提高孵化率,同时具有抗氧化作用,防止脂质的氧化酸败。 相似文献
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专养雄蚕的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
<正>家蚕是雌雄异体昆虫,需通过雌雄个体间的交配来繁殖后代,养蚕生产上所用蚕种的雌雄比例为1:1。由于雄蚕体质强健、好养、饲料效率高、茧丝品质好、雄蚕茧出丝率比雌蚕茧高20％左右。如果能全部饲养雄蚕,可在不增加成本的条件下多产丝15％。因此,在生产上光养雄蚕是科技工作者梦寐以求的目标。 要做到光养雄蚕,就必须在卵期或尽可能早地在幼虫期将雌雄蚕分开,以及用生理学方法将胚胎期雌转化为雄,或使用各种手段控制只有雄蚕孵化。要在早期将雌雄蚕分开,一般用限性遗传的手段。限性遗传是指某一性状只限于在一种性别上表现的性连锁遗传现象,家蚕的限性遗传也称W染色体连锁遗传,现在生产上所用限性品种是通过诱变方法使带有标志基因的常染色体片段易位到W染色体上育成。已育成卵色、蚕体色、茧色 相似文献
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为了加速雄蚕品种的实用化进程,对家蚕性连锁平衡致死系原种平28、平30的雄性黄卵和雌性黑卵的孵化率、各龄期减蚕率等进行了调查。平28雄卵、雌卵及平30雄卵、雌卵的二日孵化率分别为39.67%、40.67%与29.50%、36.50%,黄色雄卵孵化率低于黑色雌卵,品种间的二日孵化率达极显著差异。平28雄卵、雌卵及平30雄卵、雌卵1-4龄的减蚕率分别为11.34%、17.62%与9.60%、13.24%,雌性减蚕率高于雄性,品种间的4龄起蚕率达显著性差异。对影响孵化及减蚕率的原因进行分析认为:黄色雄卵在蚕种保护过程中,卵内胚胎除受致死基因的影响外,也许更易受到外界环境诸如光线等的不利影响;平衡致死系的致死基因可能对正常孵化的蚕儿会产生微弱不利影响,从而影响正常孵出蚕儿的生长发育。 相似文献
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雌雄茧丝性状差异性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以荧光茧色判性蚕品种为材料,研究了雌雄性别之间蚕茧及其茧丝若干经济性状的差异性。结果显示:平均全茧量雌比雄重,约0.297g;平均茧层率雌比雄低,约4.07个百分点;平均茧层量雌雄间比较接近,雌雄性别间全茧量、茧层率的差异在显著水平a=0.01下达到极显著水平。平均茧丝纤度雄比雌细0.188dtex,干茧出丝率雄比雌高出3.2个百分点,强力雄比雌大0.191CN/dtex,伸长率雄比雌高出1.02个百分点,雌雄性别间这些性状的差异在显著水平a=0.05下均未达到显著水平。雄茧平均茧丝长比雌茧的增长4.69%,平均纤度粒内百回均方差比雌茧的减小0.14。 相似文献
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家蚕雌、雄蛹鉴别和分离是家蚕杂交种生产的必须环节。目前雌雄蛹鉴别、分离主要依靠熟练技术工人通过肉眼和手工进行。为了将来开发一种可以自动识别和分离雌雄蚕蛹的装置，选取6个品种的雌、雄蚕蛹各约20粒，建立了蚕蛹体形图像数据库。结果表明：从该数据库可以获得用以区分雌雄蚕蛹的体形数据。对蚕蛹体形图像数据库的初步应用显示：从数据库中获取的蛹体重、体长、体宽等，可以在一定程度上用于识别和区分不同品种的雌雄蛹体。本实验为进一步研究雌雄蛹体形特征，开发雌雄蛹分离装置提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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雌雄蚕卵光电自动分选仪器的基本结构设计与工作原理分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据雄蚕品种和限性卵色蚕品种不同性别的卵色差别,实现雌雄蚕卵全部存活的前提下自动、快速、准确分离。应用光电识别等原理设计的雌雄蚕卵分选仪器通过单通道光电计数控量供卵、多通道分流和转盘斜刮排序等技术,使蚕卵整齐有适当间距地排列成辐射状的48路,形成同时运行的48个单元,经可编程颜色传感器检测识别后,通过电磁分离器分选,将雌雄蚕卵分离。该雌雄蚕卵自动分选仪器的基本结构设计与工作原理可实现预期目标:不损伤雌蚕卵,使雌雄蚕卵都能存活;分选效率高,设计分卵速度达12万粒/h,准确率超过95%。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究FOXL2基因对鸡胚性腺分化的影响。本试验分为试验1组、试验2组和空白对照组（鸡胚数量分别为260、100、20枚），试验组通过胚盘下腔注射的方法分别将pLV-FOXL2慢病毒重组质粒、pLV空质粒注入胚胎期第2天的鸡胚，空白对照组不做处理并与试验组一起孵化至出雏，利用CHD1基因遗传性别鉴定的方法对出雏的雏鸡进行性别检测，分析其性腺解剖学、组织学结构变化，并利用免疫组化的方法检测性腺FOXL2和CYP19A1蛋白表达量。结果显示，试验1组遗传性别为公的23只，遗传性别为母的18只，表型性别为公的21只，表型性别为母的18只，其中有2只表型性别不典型，左侧性腺发生变化，朝卵巢结构转变；试验2组遗传性别为公的9只，遗传性别为母的12只，表型性别与遗传性别一致。阳性PCR检测结果显示，试验1组获得阳性个体10个，阳性率为24.4%（10/41）；试验2组获得阳性个体8个，阳性率为38.1%（8/21）。性腺解剖学结果显示，阳性pLV-FOXL2雄性鸡胚左侧性腺体积明显大于右侧性腺，表现膨松状态；组织切片结果显示，雄性鸡胚性腺具有典型的卵巢皮质层和髓质层结构；阳性pLV-FOXL2雌性鸡胚性腺的发育无明显变化。免疫组化结果显示，FOXL2和CYP19A1蛋白在试验1组左右侧睾丸中的表达量与空白对照组母鸡卵巢中的表达量相似，显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。以上结果表明，FOXL2基因可能促进鸡雄性性腺的性反转，在鸡性腺分化和发育过程中发挥着重要的作用。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FOXL2 gene on gonadal differentiation in chicken embryos.This test was divided into the experiment groups 1,2 and blank control group(chicken embryos were 260,100 and 20,respectively).In the experimental group,pLV-FOXL2 lentivirus recombinant plasmids and pLV empty plasmids were injected into the chicken embryo on the second day of the embryonic stage by subpaneoidal injection.The blank control group was not treated and incubated with the experimental groups until the chick was hatched.CHD1 gene genetic sex identification method was used to detect the sex of chicks,the changes of gonadal anatomy and histological structure were analyzed,and the expression levels of FOXL2 and CYP19A1 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.The results showed that in the experiment group 1,there were 23 male and 18 female of genetic sex,21 male and 18 female of phenotypic sex,and two of them had atypical phenotypic gender,with changes in the left gonadal gland toward ovarian structure.The phenotypic sex was consistent with the genetic sex in experiment group 2,with 9 male and 12 female.Positive PCR results showed that 10 positive individuals were obtained in the experiment group 1,with a positive rate of 24.4% (10/41),and 8 positive individuals were obtained in the experiment group 2,with a positive rate of 38.1% (8/21).The anatomical structure of the gonad showed that the volume of the left gonad was significantly larger than that of the right gonad in the positive plV-FOXL2 male embryos.The results of tissue sections showed that the gonad of male chicken embryo had typical structure of ovarian cortex and medulla.There was no significant change in the development of gonad in female embryos with positive pLV-FOXL2.Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression levels of FOXL2 and CYP19A1 proteins in the left and right testicle of experiment group 1 were similar to that in the hen ovary of the blank control group,and were significantly higher than that in experiment group 2 (P<0.05).These results suggested that FOXL2 gene might promote the sexual inversion of chicken gonads and played an important role in the differentiation and development of chicken gonads. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究胚胎期大鼠性腺生长与分化的情况。选取12.5~15.5 dpc SD大鼠胚胎为研究对象,运用PCR技术进行大鼠胚胎性别鉴定,采用H-E技术对大鼠性腺分化形态进行观察。结果表明:12.5 d的鼠胚肾管已经开始形成,生殖嵴已经建立,此时仍无明显的性别分化形态;13.5 d的鼠胚开始出现性别分化的迹象,雄性的原始性索开始形成,雌性性腺分化比雄性稍晚,此期仍不易辨别出典型的卵巢特征结构;14.5 d的鼠胚性腺形态初步成型,此期性别明显分化,雄性的原始性索开始分化为实心原始生精小管,雌性胚胎中性腺分为两层,初步形成卵巢特征;15.5 d的鼠胚,雄性胚胎性腺中已经具有明显的曲精小管的雏形,雌性胚胎卵巢特征也开始明显。大鼠胚胎性腺从13.5 d胚龄时开始分化,15.5 d胚龄性腺特征明显。 相似文献
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抑制芳香化酶活性对母鸡性腺分化和性行为的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究雌激素在鸡性腺和性行为分化过程中的作用,本试验在受精蛋孵化第3天气室注入100μL生理盐水或芳香化酶抑制剂(AI),出雏后常规饲养到8月龄性成熟,观察其性行为的表现,检测性腺结构和血清性激素水平.结果发现,AI处理获得的性反转母鸡出现雄性第二性征和雄性交配行为,性腺形态和组织学检查结果表明其性腺得到了不同程度的反转(1)完全反转母鸡右侧性腺发育成为睾丸,而左侧性腺出现不同程度的反转.两侧性腺均出现精细管结构,管径较正常窄,发育不完整,精细管内大量分布生殖细胞,右侧性腺的间质较左侧发达;(2)不完全反转母鸡的右侧性腺退化,左侧仍为完整卵巢.血清中雌二醇(E2)含量为不完全反转母鸡＞正常母鸡＞完全反转母鸡＞正常公鸡;睾酮(T)含量为完全反转母鸡＞不完全反转母鸡＞正常公鸡＞正常母鸡,雄性交配频率与血清T/E2的比值呈正相关.以上结果表明,在性分化前用AI阻断雌激素的合成可引起雌性性腺结构和激素分泌功能及性行为雄性化,而血清T和E2含量及其比值决定了性反转母鸡雄性交配行为的频率和强度. 相似文献
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A four-year-old female-like Quarter Horse was admitted for clinical evaluation because of masculinized-aggressive behavior and lack of estrous signs. On external inspection, a hypertrophied clitoris and prominent muscles were observed. On gynecological examination, apparently normal mammary glands, vulva, vagina, and cervix were noted. On the other hand, the uterus had no tone and was smaller than normal. The left gonad was very soft on palpation and the right gonad was mostly firm, irregular, and wider than the left gonad. On ultrasound examination, there were no signs of regular ovarian structure or follicular activity. Because of the different shapes and consistencies of the gonads and a suspicion of increased testosterone production, a bilateral gonadectomy was recommended. Blood was collected for testosterone levels quantification and for cytogenetic and molecular investigations. After removal, gonads were analyzed macroscopically and sections were sent for histopathological examination. A final diagnosis of benign adult teratoma associated with seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells was made. On cytogenetic and molecular analyses, a normal diploid number of 64 chromosomes and the presence of the XY sex chromosomes were seen in all cells, as well as the SRY gene. Testosterone levels were higher than normal before surgery and were reduced after gonads removal. In conclusion, the masculinized behavior was probably caused by increased testosterone levels produced by testicular tissue, in a female-like horse with 64,XY SRY-positive disorder of sex development, which was associated with a teratoma. 相似文献
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vasa是决定生殖系发育的重要调控蛋白因子之一,具有广泛的保守性。利用家蚕基因组和EST库的数据资源,分析了家蚕vasa基因的结构,并与已有报道的18个物种的VASA蛋白质的结构域序列进行了比对分析,同时对家蚕vasa基因在家蚕胚胎发育11个时期的表达型及幼虫期8个不同组织的表达特异性进行了验证。结果表明,家蚕vasa基因包含有13个外显子,比果蝇vasa基因的外显子数量(7个)增加了6个,在第3内含子有1个转座子插入;家蚕vasa基因在未受精卵和胚胎发育的各个时期均有表达,但只在幼虫生殖腺中有表达。将家蚕vasa基因的一条cDNA片段用地高辛标记作为探针,对家蚕幼虫的生殖腺及胚胎进行全胚原位杂交,结果进一步表明家蚕vasa基因在幼虫期只在精原细胞、精囊、卵巢管等生殖系相关的细胞和组织中表达,在发育5d胚胎的生殖腺部位也有明显表达。 相似文献
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Sexing chick embryos: a rapid and simple protocol 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
1. Analysis of gene expression in the developing chick gonads requires the collection of male and female tissues from embryos between 3.5 d and 8.5 d of development. However, male and female chick embryos are indistinguishable by morphological examination before d 7.5 of development. 2. Sex identification of earlier embryos is only possible by molecular methods, which at present are laborious and time consuming. 3. We have devised a PCR-based sexing protocol which combines both sex specific and control reactions in a single tube assay. The assay is rapid and effective over a wide range of DNA concentrations and is tolerant of poor quality DNA. 4. Procedures are described for identifying the sex of individual embryos using either tissue samples or a small number of cells recovered from amniotic fluid. 相似文献
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家蚕新突变型从性黑蛾(sml)的遗传分析初报 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西南大学家蚕基因库保存的遗传系统18-130的蛾体色表现特殊性状,雄蛾为灰黑色,雌蛾为白色。用多个白色蛾系统与之进行杂交分析,饲养F1、F2和RF1代,分析该黑蛾的遗传规律,结果:18-130系统黑蛾由常染色体上隐性突变基因控制,且表现为从性遗传,在雌体中几乎不能表现黑蛾性状,而在雄蛾中黑体色表现明显,即性别不同是影响其表型的主要因素。研究证明该灰黑蛾是家蚕从性遗传的一个典型代表,命名为sex-controlled m ela-n ism,基因符号为sm l。同时,经过连锁分析探明sm l基因与第7连锁群的鹑斑(q)、第13连锁群的隐性赤蚁(ch)、第16连锁群的颊尾斑(cts)均为独立遗传。 相似文献
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A Rota A Starvaggi Cucuzza S Iussich L DeLorenzi P Parma 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):743-745
A case of intersexuality in a Pug that was bought as a male in a pet shop is described. The dog was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Turin, for a reddish mass protruding from the prepuce. The mass had the aspect of an enlarged clitoris, with a caudoventral direction and a dorsal urethral ostium. A gonad was palpable in the left inguinal region. Laparotomy confirmed ultrasound detection of an abdominal uterine structure together with the right gonad. The histology of both gonads was similar, showing an exclusively masculine character, with seminiferous tubules lined only by Sertoli cells; the uterus showed a normal histological structure. Karyological analysis revealed a female karyotype (78,XX), and polymerase chain reaction showed the absence of Sry. The diagnosis was an XX male. The pathogenesis of the XX sex reversal syndrome in dogs is not completely understood, as Sry, the master gene regulating testis differentiation, is not present; to date, no genetic cause has been identified for this phenotypic condition in dogs. This case is unusual because the dog showed an inguinal testis, implying a partial activity of the mechanisms leading to abdominal testis translocation along a gubernaculum and transinguinal migration. 相似文献
20.
CD81和CCL26基因是影响哺乳动物性腺细胞融合的重要因子,但其在黔北麻羊性腺组织中的表达情况尚不清楚。为研究CD81和CCL26基因在黔北麻羊不同组织中的表达量,本实验以单、多羔黔北麻羊为研究对象,提取下丘脑、垂体、子宫、输卵管、卵巢组织的RNA,并将5种性腺组织RNA逆转录合成第一链cDNA,随后采用q-PCR技术检测CD81、CCL26基因的mRNA在单、多羔黔北麻羊不同性腺组织中的表达水平。结果表明:黔北麻羊性腺组织中CD81、CCL26基因的mRNA均有表达,2种基因均在单、多羔卵巢中的表达量最高;CD81基因在单羔组子宫中的表达量最低;CD81基因在多羔组、CCL26基因在单多羔组下丘脑中的表达量均最低;组间差异表达量分析可知,CD81基因在多羔组子宫的表达量显著高于单羔组;CCL26基因在单羔组卵巢和输卵管的表达量显著高于多羔组,在单羔组子宫的表达量极显著高于多羔组。本实验结果提示,CD81和CCL26基因可能与山羊繁殖能力相关,也为初步揭示山羊繁殖的分子调控机制提供了参考依据。 相似文献