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以Y两优1号为材料,进行了新型增产抗倒剂立丰灵在直播稻上的适宜用量与使用时期研究,其中施用时期设6月20日、7月6日、7月13日、7月20日(拔节期)和8月1日5个处理,施用量设每公顷用立丰灵泡腾片45,105,165片3个处理。结果表明:与其它喷施时期相比,在7月6日(拔节前14 d)喷施立丰灵泡腾片能增加穗下第3节间长度,降低穗下第4、第5节间长度,增大穗下第3、第4、第5节间的粗度、壁厚和抗折力,增加植株的根系重量,尤其是根系鲜重,从而降低倒伏指数;不同施用时期处理对产量影响不显著;立丰灵泡腾片用量以105片/hm2较好。 相似文献
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[目的]研究非株高的抗倒因素,为选育水稻抗倒伏品种提供参考。[方法]以荃211S为母本的6个品种和1个对照品种为材料,对其基部第一伸长节间的抗折力、节间长度、节间壁厚、节间质量数、节间直径进行测定和分析。[结果 ]荃两优系列组合基部第一伸长节间的倒伏指数与节间质量数极显著负相关、与壁厚显著负相关、与基部节间长度极显著正相关。节间质量数越大,壁厚越厚,倒伏指数越小,抗倒性越强;基部节间越长,倒伏指数越大,抗倒性越弱。荃两优系列组合强抗倒性源于基部节间长度短、壁厚较厚、节间壁内充实度较好。[结论]水稻品种选育中减小基部第一伸长节间的长度、增加壁厚、增加干物质在基部节间的积累都利于提高品种的抗倒性。 相似文献
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磷钾营养对套作大豆茎秆形态和抗倒性的影响 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
以贡选1号大豆品种为材料,采用两因素随机区组设计,研究了磷钾营养对套作大豆茎秆形态和抗倒性的影响。结果表明,施用磷钾显著影响套作大豆茎秆的抗倒能力。茎秆基部节间粗度、C/N比、细胞壁纤维素、木质素含量、机械强度、抗倒指数(SLRI)均随施钾量的增加而增加,随施磷量的增加呈现出先增后降的趋势,而基部节间长度、主茎高、倒伏率均随磷钾施用量的增加而降低。SLRI与基部第1、2节间粗度、茎秆木质素、纤维素含量、机械强度及C/N比呈显著正相关,与基部节间长度、主茎长、实际倒伏率呈极显著负相关。适宜的磷钾水平(P2O517kg/hm2,K2O 112.5kg/hm2)能提高套作大豆SLRI,降低其倒伏率。 相似文献
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以籼型杂交稻两优6326为材料,通过不同时期追施不同剂量的N肥与K肥,研究了不同时期追肥对水稻抗倒性的影响,及水稻茎秆的生长发育与植株抗倒性的关系。结果表明,N肥试验中,倒伏指数最小的是倒5叶期施肥,最大的为倒1叶期施肥;K肥试验中,倒伏指数最小的是倒2叶期施肥,最大的为倒3叶期施肥。基部节间的健壮程度与水稻的抗倒伏关系为:基部第二节间基部第一节间基部第三节间;对茎秆倒伏指数的影响大小为:基部节间干质量基部节间长度基部节间壁厚基部节间内径,而节间外径大小与植株抗倒关系不密切。 相似文献
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Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry. 相似文献
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Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m2 surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).
During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.
Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.
Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants. 相似文献
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2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。 相似文献
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施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。 相似文献