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减毒沙门氏菌可以作为DNA疫苗载体表达外源抗原基因,已受到医学界的广泛重视。本文对沙门氏菌的减毒、载体疫苗的优越性及作为口服活载体疫苗在动物病毒、细菌和寄生虫疫苗的最新应用成果进行了综述。 相似文献
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细菌活载体疫苗是指将某一病原体的特定抗原基因插入到细菌基因组或其质粒,然后在其增殖过程中直接表达外源抗原或将携带的外源DNA递呈到宿主细胞的一类重组细菌。细菌活载体疫苗能够诱导机体产生粘膜免疫、体液免疫和细胞免疫,是目前传染病预防控制、肿瘤免疫治疗、免疫调节等方面的重要研究方向之一。从细菌活载体疫苗的构建及应用两个方面进行介绍,以期为细菌活载体疫苗的研究与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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活载体疫苗是以细菌或病毒作为载体表达外源抗原和治疗因子的载体系统,具有安全性高、毒力返祖风险低、成本低,可诱导免疫机体产生高水平的体液免疫、细胞免疫或黏膜免疫等优点,是目前最具发展潜力的基因工程疫苗之一,在动物疫病防控领域应用较多。病毒载体包括DNA病毒（如腺病毒、腺相关病毒和痘病毒等）和RNA病毒（如新城疫病毒、流感病毒等）;细菌载体包括减毒致病菌与非致病菌两类,主要包括乳酸菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等。活载体疫苗常用的抗原呈递策略有载体-宿主平衡致死系统、微生物表面展示系统。多种疫苗载体的开发及抗原呈递策略的选择,使得活载体疫苗的使用价值最大化。不同载体疫苗在预防疫病方面均有不同优缺点,应根据实际情况选择最优最适合的活载体疫苗。本文综述了动物疫病防控领域的病毒和细菌活载体疫苗研究进展及其抗原呈递方式,以期为活载体疫苗的进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献
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减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌活疫苗载体研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
活载体疫苗技术的发展促使产生了更多的疫苗设计新思路.沙门菌是一种肠道细菌,目前已通过基因突变的方法构建了许多种减毒株,如GID101、GID105、X4064、ZJⅢ、Ty800、X4632、X4550、X4072和X3730等,这些减毒株被突变掉了两个或两个以上的基因,然而其基因型和血清型仍很稳定,所以人们常将其用作基因疫苗的表达载体或运送载体.现在已有许多种细菌、病毒和寄生虫的减毒沙门菌活载体疫苗被研制成功.文章对沙门菌的减毒方法,减毒沙门菌的免疫机理以及其用途和作为疫苗载体的优缺点做了简述. 相似文献
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基因工程活载体疫苗的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为分子生物技术发展的新兴产物,基因工程疫苗与传统疫苗相比,具有生产成本低、免疫途径广泛、安全性高等优点,已成为生物制品产业发展的一种趋势。而基因工程活载体疫苗具有其独特的优点,是当今与未来疫苗研制与开发的重要方向之一。根据选用的载体类型,基因工程活载体疫苗分为病毒活载体疫苗和细菌活载体疫苗。简要概述了病毒活载体疫苗和细菌活载体疫苗的特点及研究进展。 相似文献
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细菌活载体疫苗的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着重组DNA技术的发展和应用，基因工程疫苗的研究取得了快速的进展。其中，最有发展前景的研究领域之一，是以细菌为活载体的疫苗。细菌活载体疫苗的优点．可将保护性抗原在细菌的质粒、基因组的某些部位或细菌表面表达。 相似文献
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新城疫是当今全球范围内最严重的家禽传染病之一,特别是对养鸡业造成重大经济损失。利用分子生物技术已研究出了很多基因工程疫苗用于预防鸡新城疫,比如基因工程活载体疫苗、亚单位疫苗和DNA疫苗等。近年来随着反向遗传操作技术的发展,新城疫病毒已经被开发成病毒载体,可以携带外源基因研制新城疫病毒活载体疫苗,表达IBDV和IBV的新城疫活载体疫苗已经成功研制。本文将从新城疫病毒的分子生物学及疫苗方面进行综述。 相似文献
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Lightowlers MW Colebrook AL Gauci CG Gauci SM Kyngdon CT Monkhouse JL Vallejo Rodriquez C Read AJ Rolfe RA Sato C 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,115(2):83-123
Highly effective recombinant vaccines have been developed against the helminth parasites Taenia ovis, Taenia saginata and Echinococcus granulosus. These vaccines indicate that it is possible to achieve a reliable, high level of protection against a complex metazoan parasite using defined recombinant antigens. However, the effectiveness of the vaccines against the taeniid cestodes stands in contrast to the more limited successes which characterise attempts to develop vaccines against other platyhelminth or nematode parasites. This review examines the features of the host-parasite relationships among the taeniid cestodes which have formed the basis for vaccine development. Particular consideration is given to the methodologies that have been used in making the cestode vaccines that might be of interest to researchers working on vaccination against other helminths. In developing the cestode vaccines, antigens from the parasites' infective larval stage contained within the egg (oncosphere) were identified as having the potential to induce high levels of protection in vaccinated hosts. A series of vaccination trials with antigen fractions, and associated immunological analyses, identified individual protective antigens or fractions. These were cloned from cDNA and the recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. This strategy was independently successful in developing vaccines against T. ovis and E. granulosus. Identification of protective antigens for these species enabled rapid identification, cloning and expression of their homologues in related species and thereby the development of effective vaccines against T. saginata, E. multilocularis and, more recently, T. solium. The T. saginata vaccine provides an excellent example of the use of two antigen components, each of which were not protective when used individually, but when combined they induce a reliable, high level of protection. One important contributing factor to the success of vaccine development for the taeniid cestodes was the concentration on studies seeking to identify native host-protective antigens, before the adoption of recombinant methodologies. The cestode vaccines are being developed towards practical (commercial) application. The high level of efficacy of the vaccines against T. solium cysticercosis and hydatid disease suggests that they would be effective also if used directly in humans. 相似文献
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Haesebrouck F Pasmans F Chiers K Maes D Ducatelle R Decostere A 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,100(3-4):255-268
This paper discusses what can be expected with regard to efficacy of antibacterial vaccines used in swine, based on the present knowledge of pathogen–host interactions. First, vaccination against bacteria that mainly cause disease by production of exotoxins is considered. Vaccines containing the inactivated toxin or a non-toxic but antigenic recombinant protein derived from the exotoxin can be expected to provide protection against disease. The degree of protection induced by such vaccines varies, however, depending amongst other things on the pathogenesis of the disease. Vaccination against clostridial infections, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infections, progressive atrophic rhinitis and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, is considered. The second part of the article deals with vaccination against extracellular bacteria. Protection against these bacteria is generally mediated by antibodies against their surface antigens and certain secreted antigens, but cellular immunity may also play a role. Efficacy of vaccines against swine erysipelas, Streptococcus suis infections, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections and swine dysentery is discussed. Finally, vaccination against facultatively intracellular bacteria is considered. For protection against these bacteria cell-mediated immunity plays an important role, but antibodies may also be involved. It is generally accepted that live-attenuated vaccines are more suitable for induction of cell-mediated immunity than inactivated vaccines, although this also depends on the adjuvant used in the vaccine. As an example, vaccination against Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is discussed. 相似文献
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Avian influenza (AI) is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza A virus.Avian influenza virus (AIV) can infect poultry,wild birds and some mammals including human.AI is a big threat to both poultry and human health because the virus can cross the species barrier to get the capacity of transmitting from poultry to human.Vaccination is the most efficient measure against AI outbreaking.Traditional vaccines include inactivated vaccine based on chick embryo and attenuated vaccine.Although the traditional vaccines play important roles in the past AI epidemics,many disadvantages have been proved to exist in traditional vaccines.Forced by major drawbacks of traditional vaccines,several studies focused on the development of novel vaccines.In this review,we reviewed recombinant live vector vaccine,subunit vaccine,DNA vaccine and virus-like particle vaccine of AI in order to provide some references for prevention and control of AI. 相似文献
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禽流感是由A型流感病毒引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病,家禽、野鸟和部分哺乳动物均可感染.禽流感给中国养殖业造成了巨大的损失,同时,随着病毒的种间传播,人类的生命安全也受到了严重威胁.目前,疫苗免疫仍是防控禽流感最主要的手段,传统的疫苗主要有鸡胚灭活苗和禽流感弱毒疫苗.虽然在过往几次禽流感暴发过程中,传统疫苗发挥了重要作用,但其自身却存在诸多弊端,因此研制新型疫苗来弥补传统疫苗的不足是很有必要的.文章主要对禽流感重组活载体疫苗、基因工程亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗和病毒样颗粒疫苗等新型疫苗的研究进展进行综述,旨在为禽流感的防控提供参考. 相似文献
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Parasite vaccines--a reality? 总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40
Over the last decade, the anti-parasitics market has been the fastest growing sector of the overall $18 billion animal health market. While drugs for the treatment of parasites of livestock still dominate this sector and will continue to be developed or re-formulated, because of consumer demands for chemical-free food and of concerns regarding the environment and animal welfare there is a growing interest in the development of safe and effective vaccines. There is also a call for vaccines in the lucrative $3 billion-plus companion animal market. These demands for vaccines will add a greater impetus to an area that has seen tremendous success in the last 15 years. A number of anti-parasite vaccines have been developed, e.g. the recombinant 45w and EG95 oncosphere proteins against Taenia ovis and Echinococcus granulosis, respectively, and the Bm86 vaccine against Boophilus microplus. In addition, the cathepsin L vaccines against the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, and the H11 vaccine against Haemonchus contortus are progressing well. There are also many additional vaccine candidates for H. contortus and for other nematodes such as Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus spp. that may ultimately lead to broad-spectrum gastrointestinal worm vaccines. Live or attenuated-live vaccines are available for the control of avian coccidiosis, toxplasmosis in sheep and anaplasmosis in cattle, although molecular vaccines against protozoans are still proving elusive. The wealth of information in genomics, proteomics and immunology that has been forthcoming together will new methods of vaccine production and delivery should see many new vaccines reach the marketplace in the near future. 相似文献
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Jingpeng Gao Chunchun Meng Zongyan Chen Chuanfeng Li Guangqing Liu 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(4):441-447
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is contagious and highly lethal. Commercial vaccines against RHD are produced from the livers of experimentally infected rabbits. Although several groups have reported that recombinant subunit vaccines against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) are promising, application of the vaccines has been restricted due to high production costs or low yield. In the present study, we performed codon optimization of the capsid gene to increase the number of preference codons and eliminate rare codons in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells. The capsid gene was then subcloned into the pFastBac plasmid, and the recombinant baculoviruses were identified with a plaque assay. As expected, expression of the optimized capsid protein was markedly increased in the Sf9 cells, and the recombinant capsid proteins self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) that were released into the cell supernatant. Rabbits inoculated with the supernatant and the purified VLPs were protected against RHDV challenge. A rapid, specific antibody response against RHDV was detected by an ELISA in all of the experimental groups. In conclusion, this strategy of producing a recombinant subunit vaccine antigen can be used to develop a low-cost, insect cell-derived recombinant subunit vaccine against RHDV. 相似文献
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Yong C. JIA Xin CHEN Yuan Y. ZHOU Ping YAN Ying GUO Rong L. YIN Jing YUAN Lin X. WANG Xin Z. WANG Rong H. YIN 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(10):1500
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) has been one of the bacteria affecting the large-scale swine industry. Lack of an effective vaccine has limited control of the disease, which has an effect on prevalence. In order to improve the cross-protection of vaccines, development on subunit vaccines has become a hot spot. In this study, we firstly cloned the lpxC and gmhA genes from G. parasuis serotype 13 isolates, and expressed and purified their proteins. The results showed that LpxC and GmhA can stimulate mice to produce IgG antibodies. Through testing the cytokine levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), it is found that recombinant GmhA, the mixed LpxC and GmhA can stimulate the body to produce Th1 and Th2 immune responses, while recombinant LpxC and inactivated bacteria can only produce Th2 immune responses. On the protection rate for mice, recombinant LpxC, GmhA and the mixture of LpxC and GmhA can provide 50%, 50% and 60% protection for lethal dose of G. parasuis infection, respectively. The partial protection achieved by the recombinant LpxC and GmhA supports their potential as novel vaccine candidate antigens against G. parasuis. 相似文献
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P K Murray 《Veterinary parasitology》1987,25(2):121-133
Despite the profound developments in recombinant DNA technology there is only one marketed recombinant vaccine (for human viral hepatitis B). The development of others proceeds with great difficulty. Molecular vaccines against veterinary parasites are at the utmost pole of complexity in the spectrum of potential vaccines since these parasites are complex eukaryotic organisms, often dwelling at mucosal surfaces where anamnestic responses are problematic, where the immunogenicity of the parasite components is poorly understood and where the effector mechanisms of immunity are unresolved. Cloning a "protective" gene is only the first step, and perhaps the easiest, in a long process which will be necessary to develop vaccines against parasites. Additional steps will involve comprehensive analyses of the immunological responses to ensure that vaccine antigens contain the correct epitopes to induce appropriate immune effector mechanisms for parasite elimination and immunological memory and that these responses are not genetically restricted. The great expectations for recombinant vaccinia-based vaccines must be modified substantially in the light of recent evidence indicating immunological and other constraints on this approach. The use of anti-idiotype vaccines is an underexplored opportunity for practical parasite vaccines since they have several potentially important advantages. The need to include T cell antigenic peptides in peptide vaccines to extend the range of genetic responsiveness and to induce anamnestic responses is now clear. New algorithms for the prediction of such sites exist and these can be tested experimentally with synthetic peptides. There are no major technical obstacles to the development of vaccines for parasites which cannot be overcome. However substantial long term basic research is needed over a range of disciplines to achieve this worthwhile objective. 相似文献
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寄生虫虫苗的研究概况 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目前，寄生虫虫苗可以分为５类，即弱毒活苗，排泌物抗原苗，基因工程苗，化学合成苗及基因苗。本文对此５类虫苗的研究现状、制备方法及种类与应用前景作了概述。 相似文献
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新型猪瘟疫苗的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
猪瘟是危害猪健康的重要传染病之一,具有急性、热性和高度接触性等特性,给世界养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。目前,传统疫苗接种仍是预防猪瘟的主要手段,虽然传统疫苗（如C株）在防控猪瘟方面发挥着巨大的作用,但也存在一些缺陷,如无法区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫动物,猪瘟免疫失败时有发生等。因此,研制新型猪瘟疫苗具有重要意义。随着分子生物学技术与重组DNA技术的不断发展及基因工程疫苗研究的不断深入,亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗、活载体重组疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、全长感染性cDNA标记疫苗和合成肽疫苗6种新型猪瘟疫苗被相继开发。与传统疫苗相比,新型疫苗拥有廉价、安全、高效、易于运输与保存、能区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫等优点。作者对6种新型猪瘟疫苗的研究进展作一综述,以期为猪瘟的防控提供参考。 相似文献