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将150只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每组设3个重复（每个重复10羽）。第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,2组～5组为试验组,在其基础日粮中分别添加75、100、125、150mg/kg的10%牛至油预混剂,饲养6周。结果表明,与对照组相比,0～3周龄,125mg/kg牛至油组肉仔鸡的日增重提高了11.20%（P〈0.01）,料重比降低了13.55%（P〈0.01）;4～6周龄,100mg/kg牛至油组的日增重提高了8.20%（P〈0.01）,料肉比降低了11.93%（P〈0.01）。42日龄,100mg/kg牛至油组的T-淋巴细胞酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶的活性和T淋巴细胞转化率分别比对照组提高了16.56%、13.90%（P〈0.05）。生长前期（0～3周龄）以125mg/kg的添加量为宜,生长后期（4～6周龄）的适宜添加量为100mg/kg。 相似文献
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将150只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每组设3个重复（每个重复10羽）。第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米——豆粕型基础日粮,2-5组为试验组,一在其基础日粮中分别添加75,100,125,150mg／kg的10％牛至油预混剂;饲养6周。结果表明,与对照组相,在试验前期（0-3周龄）,125mg／kg牛至油组肉仔鸡的日增重提高了11．20％（P〈0．01）,料肉比降低了13．55％（P〈0．01）;在试验后期（4-6周龄）,100mg／kg牛至油组的日增重提高了8．20％（P〈0．01）,料肉比降低了11．93％（P〈0．01）。42日龄,100mg／kg牛至油组的T淋巴细胞酸性α-醋酸萘涵旨酶的活性和T淋巴细胞转化率分别比对照组提高了16．56％、13.90％（P〈0．05）。生长前期（0～3周龄）以125mg／kg的添加量为宜,生长后期（4-6周龄）的适宜添加量为100mg／kg。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(13)
试验旨在研究牛至油对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及免疫器官指数的影响。选取400只体重相近的1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4组。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加10 mg/kg维吉尼亚霉素、200、300 mg/kg牛至油产品,试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,牛至油各组能显著提高肉仔鸡的平均日采食量(P0.05),并显著改善前期的饲料增重比(P0.05);200、300 mg/kg牛至油能显著提高半净膛率(P0.05),并显著降低腹脂率(P0.05),而且300 mg/kg牛至油还能显著提高屠宰率和全净膛率(P0.05);各试验组能显著提高胸腺指数(P0.05),维吉尼亚霉素和300 mg/kg牛至油能显著提高法氏囊指数(P0.05)。与维吉尼亚霉素相比,牛至油能显著提高胸腺指数(P0.05)。结果提示日粮中添加牛至油能改善肉仔鸡的生长性能和屠宰性能,并提高免疫器官指数,其中以300 mg/kg的添加水平效果更佳。 相似文献
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牛至油对肉仔鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将150只1日龄、健康的艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为5组,在其基础日粮中分别添加75、100、125、150 mg/kg的10%牛至油预混剂,饲喂6周.结果表明,牛至油可极显著提高肉仔鸡全期的增重速度(P＜0.01),改善料肉比(P＜0.01);试验组平均胸肌率和腿肌率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),分别比对照组高8.93%、9.60%,试验组平均腹脂率比对照组平均低16.30%,差异极显著(P＜0.01).以生产性能和胴体品质为指标看,牛至油在肉仔鸡日粮中的适宜添加量为100 mg/kg. 相似文献
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壳寡糖替代金霉素对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究壳寡糖替代金霉素对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响,本试验选用420只1日龄AA健康肉公雏,平均初始体重为42.9±0.3g。完全随机分为3个处理,每个处理14个重复,每个重复10只鸡。处理组分别为:试验1组为金霉素组,前期添加量为80mg/kg,后期添加量为50mg/kg;试验2组为壳寡糖150组,前后期添加量均为150mg/kg;试验3组为壳寡糖100组,前后期添加量均为100mg/kg。试验日粮采用玉米-豆粕-鱼粉型基础日粮,参照NRC(1998)肉鸡营养标准配制,3个处理基础日粮的能量和蛋白质均保持在同一水平。试验总计42d,分1～3周为试验前期,4～6周为试验后期。分别在21日龄和42日龄时计算肉仔鸡的平均日增重,平均日采食量和饲料利用率。并且每重复随机抽取1只鸡共屠宰42只,测定免疫器官指数、吞噬指数和淋巴细胞转化率。结果表明,壳寡糖在肉仔鸡生长性能方面,0～3周龄时,3个处理组未表现出差异。4～6周龄时,3个处理组肉仔鸡的日增重组间差异显著(P<0.05),日采食量差异趋于显著(P=0.07),而饲料利用率差异并不显著。其中壳寡糖150组和壳寡糖100组肉仔鸡的日增重均比金霉素组高出12.5%,饲料利用率则分别改善了9.4%和6.1%,日采食量也分别比金霉素组提高4.3%和6.83%。在免疫性能方面发现,21日龄时,3个处理组的脾脏指数、法氏囊指数和胸腺指数均差异不显著;42日龄时,3个处理组的脾脏指数差异显著(P<0.05),胸腺指数差异极显著(P<0.01),其中壳寡糖100组的3个免疫器官指数均高于其它2个处理组。通过本试验初步判断,壳寡糖具有与金霉素相似的促生长作用并提高免疫功能,其适宜添加剂量为100mg/kg。 相似文献
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选用288只21日龄肉仔鸡随机分为6组,分别饲喂基础日粮(无添加剂),基础日粮中添加4.4 mg/kg林可霉素、20 mg/kg维吉尼亚霉素、0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒、100 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉、0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒+100 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉的日粮,试验期21 d。试验结果表明:各处理对肉仔鸡21～42周龄的生产性能和免疫器官发育无显著影响;蛋氨酸硒与灵芝孢子粉合用提高了肉仔鸡的屠宰率,降低了腹脂率,但二者不具协同作用;灵芝孢子粉可增加肉仔鸡血清溶菌酶含量,提高血清抗新城疫抗体水平。 相似文献
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牛至油对肉鸡生产性能和血液指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将160只30日龄的三黄肉鸡随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡.对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮.试验组在此基础上分别添加50、100、150 mg/kg的10%牛至油预混荆来研究牛至油对内鸡生产性能和血液指标的影响.结果表明:日粮中添加牛至油提高了肉鸡的生产性能、氮沉积率和血液免疫、抗氧化指标,其中试验2组比对照组日增重(ADG)提高了6.51%(P＜0.01),料肉比(FCR)降低了5.12%(P＜0.05),氮沉积率提高了3.18%(P＜0.05);血清补体C3含量比对照组提高了8.7%(P＜0.05),补体C4含量提高了29.70%(P＜0.01),血清免疫球蛋白(IgG)含量提高了9.27%(P＜0.05),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量提高了6.85%(P＜0.05),日粮中添加牛至油100 mg/kg效果较好. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(19)
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平的艾蒿水提物对肉仔鸡免疫和抗氧化功能的影响。试验选用192只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他3组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加500、1 000、2 000 mg/kg艾蒿水提物的试验日粮。试验期共42 d,分为前、后两期,每期21 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验后期1 000 mg/kg的艾蒿水提物添加组法氏囊指数显著增加(P0.05);试验前期500 mg/kg艾蒿水提物添加组免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)含量显著增加(P0.05),试验后期1 000 mg/kg艾蒿水提物添加组免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)含量显著增加(P0.05);试验前期添加量1 000 mg/kg的试验组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量显著提高(P0.05),而艾蒿添加组丙二醛(MDA)含量都显著降低(P0.05)。试验证明,日粮中添加艾蒿水提物可提高肉仔鸡免疫和抗氧化能力。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献