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1.
扬州鹅内源物质代谢规律的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
18只成年扬州鹅,按体重一致的原则,随机分成3组,每组6只,公母各半,旨在通过对不同绝食排空和排泄物收集条件下扬州鹅内源物排出的分析比较,探讨强饲法测鹅饲料的代谢能时,其内源物质的排出规律。试验排空处理期为24、32、40h,排泄物收集期为16、24、32、40、48h。分析结果表明,绝食24h和40h组,48h内干物质、能量及单位代谢体重能量排出量差异不显著,但都显著高于绝食32h组;单位重量排泄物干物质燃烧热值随着绝食时间的增加逐渐升高;不同收集时间段相比,干物质和能量排出没有规律性。同一测定条件相比,母鹅干物质排出量比公鹅少,而排出物能值含量和排出能量却高于公鹅。  相似文献   

2.
本试验以20只成年扬州鹅为研究对象,按体重一致的原则随机分成强饲60、80、100g组和绝食对照组。采用绝食排空24h,排泄物收集24h的试验模式,测定了鹅对3种不同粗纤维含量饲料不同强饲量条件下的干物质利用率、能量利用率和代谢能值(表观代谢能和真代谢能)。结果表明,随着强饲量的增大,鹅对饲料干物质和能量的利用率逐渐升高,对饲料的代谢能值也有升高的趋势。强饲80g组与强饲100g组测得的饲料代谢能值无明显差异。表明用强饲法测定鹅饲料代谢能值时,适宜的强饲量为80~100g。  相似文献   

3.
食糜在鸡、鸭消化道排空速度的比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为阐明鸡、鸭对营养物质利用率差异的原因，研究了禽别（公鸡和公鸭）和消化道排空期（4、8、14、24、32、38、48 h）对消化道残留内容物含量的影响，比较食糜在鸡和鸭消化道不同部位的排空速度和排空率。结果表明：鸭排空速度比鸡快,但鸭消化道总残留干物质量和各段消化道残留干物质量都较鸡高；食糜在鸭小肠、直肠及整个消化道的排空率低于鸡的；鸭在强饲后24 h，鸡在32 h其内容物基本排空。在本试验条件下，用Sibbald的TME法测定饲料代谢能和氨基酸真消化率时，鸡的排空期定为32 h，鸭的排空期定为24 h为宜。  相似文献   

4.
环境温度和测定方法对鸡饲粮代谢能测值的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用析因法研究了环境温度、测定方法、饲粮类型对蛋鸡料与肉鸡料的表观代谢能(AME)、内源能排出量(EEL)、真代谢能(TME)等测值的影响。环境温度设计三个范围:5～15℃、20～25℃、30～36℃;代谢能测定方法有常规全收法、32小时排空法、48小时排空法;共用150只成年公鸡进行了测定。结果表明,环境温度对AME、EEL、TME有极显著影响。与20～25℃条件相比,在5～15℃时AME值呈降低趋势、EEL和TME呈增加趋势;在30～36℃时AME呈增加趋势、EEL和TME呈下降趋势。AME、EEL和TME的变化程度还与测定方法及试粮类型有关。在20～25℃环境温度条件下,无论全收法、32小时排空法和48小时排空法测定AME值;或用32小时法与48小时法测定TME值都未见方法间存在显著差异,可见这几种方法在适温条件下是可以通用的。  相似文献   

5.
家禽饲料代谢能的测定中广泛使用"Sibbald"真代谢能快速测定法(TME)。鸭与鸡消化生理差异较大,在鸭上使用与鸡相同的TME法测定条件,难以获得精准的试验结果。文章综述了鸭与鸡上采用TME法的差异,并推荐鸭上TME法的适宜条件为:排空时间40 h;排泄物收集时间32～40 h,测定粗饲料则适当延长收集时间;饼粕类饲料强饲量40～70 g,高纤维饲料则为40～50 g;真代谢能测定以管饲的方法较好,而且干法优于湿法;在外界温度的选择上,应该保持温度恒定在15～25℃这一适宜范围内。  相似文献   

6.
鹅对11种非常规饲料代谢能和纤维利用率的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究旨在探索鹅对不同非常规饲料的利用率。试验以30只成年太湖鹅公鹅为研究对象,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只鹅,其中1组为内源排泄物对照组。空腹24h后,每组强饲1种饲料,各组内每只鹅强饲量相同,内源排泄物对照组不强饲。采用平板收粪法收集24h排泄物。2次试验间恢复期12d。测定生产中常见的11种非常规饲料代谢能(ME)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、半纤维素(HC)利用率。结果表明:鹅对啤酒糟、白酒糟、瘪稻、黑麦草粉、稻壳、玉米秸、稻草、麦秸、麦糠、平菇菌糠、花生藤的真代谢能(TME)分别为9.29、8.67、8.97、5.89、3.85、3.10、3.32、3.02、5.29、2.48、3.15M J/kg。用TME法测得的11种非常规饲料的NDF利用率为6.14%~45.01%,ADF利用率为4.52%~32.57%,HC利用率为18.45%~61.59%。TME最佳一元预测方程为TM E=12.205-0.232CF(R2=0.817)。研究结果显示鹅对非常规饲料有较高的利用率,能量利用率和粗纤维(CF)的含量呈极显著的负相关。试验所测ME值可为非常规饲料合理利用,准确计算与调整鹅饲料配方提供参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
鹅对几种原料代谢能值的测定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本试验以24只175日龄扬州鹅公鹅为试验对象,用真代谢能(TME)测定法,测定了鹅对玉米、豆粕、小麦麸、稻谷、棉籽粕、苜蓿粉6种原料的代谢能值。试验结果表明:1)鹅对玉米、稻谷、小麦麸、豆粕、棉籽粕、苜蓿粉的表观代谢能(AME)值分别为12.23、10.93、8.03、8.99、6.67、4.25MJ/kg;真代谢能值分别为12.89、11.59、8.93、9.85、7.60、5.19MJ/kg。2)测得6种原料的TME值高于AME值,且TME∶AME为1.05～1.25;TME值的变异系数(CV)小于AME值,表明TME值的稳定性优于AME值。  相似文献   

8.
为了创立测定真正代谢能(TME)的适宜方法,曾经用12月龄白莱航小公鸡研究了周围温度、收集排渣物的时间、饲料食入水平对饲粮TME 值的影响。鸡关在人工气候室(凉的:5—15℃;高的:25—35℃,对照:22℃)个体鸡笼内。鸡先绝食48小时,然后填食25克饲粮。拉出的排泄物在以后的48小时收集。在凉气候室所得 TME 值显著地高干热室和对照室,而且绝食鸡内源能的损失在凉气候室者要大于热室和对照室的鸡。第二试验是在空调室内  相似文献   

9.
不同来源豆粕对大恒肉鸡的能量和氨基酸营养价值评定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在运用真代谢能(TME)法,在适宜强饲基础上,评定不同来源豆粕对大恒肉鸡能量和氨基酸的营养价值。从四川省的饲料企业随机收集12个豆粕样品,评定代谢能和氨基酸真利用率(TAAA)。代谢能评定分3批次代谢试验,每批48只正常大恒肉公鸡,分为6个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只鸡。TAAA评定分3批次代谢试验,每批36只去盲肠鸡,分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只鸡。每批设1个内源组,批次之间设10 d恢复期。采用TME法测定,试验鸡饥饿48 h,强饲2%待测饲粮,收集48 h排泄物;内源组饥饿48 h,收集48 h排泄物。结果显示:12个豆粕干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗纤维(CF)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(ash)含量和总能(GE)的平均值分别为85.74%、52.81%、、13.61%、6.47%、6.67%、1.52%、6.63%和19.790 MJ/kg;其中,NDF、CF和EE的变异系数(CV)大于15%。12个豆粕氨基酸含量平均值为0.56%~7.99%,CV为6.36%~10.94%;总必需氨基酸含量为19.26%,CV为7.35%;总非必需氨基酸含量为24.66%,CV为7.10%;总氨基酸含量为43.92%,CV为7.18%。12个豆粕表观代谢能(AME)、氮校正表观代谢能(AMEn)、真代谢能(TME)和氮校正真代谢能(TMEn)平均值分别为12.523、12.933、12.795和12.339 MJ/kg,不同来源差异显著(P0.05);TAAA平均值为78.16%~94.38%,不同来源差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明:1)12个不同来源豆粕代谢能值存在差异,AME、AMEn、TME和TMEn的平均值分别为12.523、12.933、12.795和12.339 MJ/kg;2)不同来源的豆粕对于大恒肉鸡的TAAA存在差异,总必需氨基酸的真利用率平均值为84.32%。  相似文献   

10.
鸡鸭对饲料能量利用的比较研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
选用18周龄健康、体重基本一致的海兰褐佳蛋公鸡和北京Z系公鸭各48只,以Sibbald“真代谢能(TME)”法测定了公鸡和公鸭常用谷物、饼粕和油脂等3大类9种常用饲料的代谢能。结果表明:鸡和鸭对饲料能量利用存在明显的差异。AME除棉粕和玉米淀粉鸭与鸡差异不显著外(P>0.05),其余7种饲料AME鸭都比鸡高;TME玉米淀粉鸭与鸡差异不显著(P>0.05),其余8种饲料TME鸭都比鸡高。48h鸭内源能排泄量(113.10MJ)比鸡(88.88MJ)高(P<0.01)。并且饲料蛋白质含量越高,鸭和鸡饲料AME、TME值之间差异越大。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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