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盐酸克伦特罗快速检测试纸条 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盐酸克伦特罗(Clenbuterol,CLB) ,俗名“瘦肉精” ,具有“营养重分配”和“促生长剂”作用 ,20世纪80年代开始被广泛应用于畜禽生产。盐酸克伦特罗在动物体内具有吸收快、分布广、脂溶性高以及残留性积累和半衰期长等药理特性 ,人在食用残留有盐酸克伦特罗的肉品后易发生中毒。1997年以来我国政府先后颁布了一系列禁止使用盐酸克伦特罗的法律法规 ,农牧法 (2001)38号文规定ELISA方法为生猪尿样中盐酸克伦特罗快速筛选检测法。但由于ELISA检测对检测设备、环境条件、操作技能要求高 ,同时还受检测周期长、小批量检测成本高等因素的限制… 相似文献
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盐酸克伦特罗在羊主要脏器中残留量消除规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验对盐酸克伦特罗在休药期肉羊眼睛、心脏、肾脏、肺脏、脾脏等组织中的残留规律进行了研究。选择24头体重为(30±5)kg健康肉羊进行试验,在饲料中添加50 μg/kg盐酸克伦特罗,连续饲喂35 d后休药,通过液相色谱—质谱联用/质谱检测休药期肉羊组织中克伦特罗含量,研究其残留量消除规律。试验结果表明,肉羊眼睛中有高浓度的盐酸克伦特罗残留且其在肝脏中消除较慢;停药第14天眼睛中盐酸克伦特罗的浓度仍为42.42～63.48 μg/kg,脾脏中盐酸克伦特罗消除速度是最快的;停药3 d时,检测不到盐酸克伦特罗的残留量(低于检出限0.07 μg/kg),故眼睛可用作检测盐酸克伦特罗在肉羊生产上非法使用的靶标。 相似文献
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莱克多巴胺(Ractopamine)属于β-兴奋剂。β-兴奋剂是营养重分配剂的一种,是一类结构和功能类似肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的苯乙醇胺类衍生物,它可以加快畜禽生长速度,降低酮体脂肪含量,提高瘦肉率。β2-兴奋剂常见的有克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇等,克伦特罗俗称"瘦肉精"。随着我国对克伦特罗监管力度的加大,克伦特罗的使用逐渐减少,其他β2-兴奋剂的使用逐渐增加。莱克多巴胺(ractopamine)是美国最新研制出的一种β2-兴奋剂,由于莱克多巴胺有类似于盐酸克伦特罗的作用,在动物组织中残留,可能对人体产生不利影响,所以我国农业部、卫生部、国家药品监督管理局明文禁止莱克多巴胺用于动物养殖,目前我国还未统一监测莱克多巴胺的方法,因此建立莱克多巴胺的快速、准确的测定方法以适合市场监测十分必要。目前国内对β2-兴奋剂测定的方法主要有:酶联免疫法、高压液相色谱(HPLC)法以及气相色谱-质谱朕用法(GC-MS)等,而酶联免疫分析技术具有检测快速(检测过程只需要2h)的特点。经过试验研究,应用酶联免疫法检测莱克多巴胺,回收率可达到95%以上,相关系数(r值)可达到0.99以上,而最低检测限能达到0.5ng/ml。 相似文献
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盐酸克伦特罗免疫原的合成与鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
盐酸克伦特罗(Clenbuterol,CL) ,异名克喘素、氨哮素,俗名“瘦肉精”。我国农业部亦于1 997年发文明令禁止,至今每年都要开展各种打击非法生产、销售、使用盐酸克伦特罗的专项治理活动,但收效并不理想。盐酸克伦特罗屡禁不止的原因之一是目前的检测方法高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(HPLC -MS)和气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC -MS)不能适应市场监督需要快速、简便、价廉的要求。酶联免疫吸附检测法(ELISA)是一种快速检测方法,不需要复杂的仪器设备,灵敏度高,特异性强,样品前处理简单,非常适合大量样品的检测,便于现场监控。德、美等国都已将EL… 相似文献
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为探讨适合基层大面积检测畜产品中盐酸克伦特罗残留的方法,作者比对了检测盐酸克伦特罗的主要方法有LC/MS、GC/MS、HPLC、CE、ELISA和GICA等6种检测方法的优缺点,对ELISA和GICA实验原理、实验室操作步骤、样品处理方法、特点等进行综合分析,结论是用GICA初筛,对检测结果为阳性的样品用ELISA进行再次检测的联合检测方法,适用于基层部门开展畜产品中盐酸克伦特罗残留的检测。 相似文献
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酶联免疫法检测饲料中莱克多巴胺 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
莱克多巴胺(Ractopamin)属于β-兴奋剂.β-兴奋剂是营养重分配剂的一种,是一类结构和功能类似肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的苯乙醇胺类衍生物,它可加快畜禽的生长速度,降低酮体脂肪含量,提高瘦肉率.β2-兴奋剂常见的有克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺及沙丁胺醇等,克伦特罗俗称"瘦肉精".随着我国对克伦特罗监管力度的加大,克伦特罗的使用逐渐减少,其他β 2-兴奋剂的使用逐渐增加.莱克多巴胺是美国最新研制出的一种β 2-兴奋剂,由于莱克多巴胺有类似于盐酸克伦特罗的作用,在动物组织中残留,可能对人体产生不利影响,所以我国农业部、卫生部和国家药品监督管理局明文禁止莱克多巴胺用于动物养殖.目前,我国还未统一监测莱克多巴胺的方法,因此,建立莱克多巴胺的快速准确的测定方法以适合市场监测十分必要.目前,国内测定β 2-兴奋剂测定的方法主要有酶联免疫法、高压液相色谱(HPLC)法及气质联用(GC-MS)法等,而酶联免疫分析技术具有检测快速(检测过程只需2 h)的特点.经试验研究,应用酶联免疫法检测莱克多巴胺,回收率可达到75%～95%,相关系数(r值)可超过0.99,而最低检测限能达到0.5ng/mL. 相似文献
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《饲料与畜牧》2000,(3)
农业部4月3日,向各省、自治区、直辖市(农牧、农业)厅(局)、饲料工业办公室、卫生厅(局)、药品监督管理部门下发了“关于查处非法生产、销售和使用盐酸克伦特罗等药品的紧急通知”,通知指出: 近来,一些企业和饲养场家为牟取暴利,非法生产、销售和使用盐酸克伦特罗等药品,严重违反了《中华人民共和国药品管理法》、《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》及《药品流通监督管理办法》。为了加强对药品生产和流通的管理,杜绝在饲料和饲料添加剂以及饲养过程中非法使用盐酸克伦特罗等药品,农业部和国家药品监督管理局决定在全国范围内对非法生产、销售和使用盐酸克伦特罗等药品的行为进行查处。现将有关事 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医》2017,(8)
本研究旨在制备性能优异的克伦特罗(clenbuterol,CLB)、莱克多巴胺(ractopamine,RAC)和沙丁胺醇(salbutamol,SAL)荧光免疫层析快速定量检测试纸条,并对该试纸条的检测范围、检测限、准确度、精确度、假阳性、假阴性及其与仪器方法的符合率进行评价。结果显示,克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺和沙丁胺醇试纸条标准曲线范围分别为0~3.2、0~6.4、0~8.0μg/L;克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺和沙丁胺醇试纸条检测下限分别可达0.2、0.4和0.5μg/L;克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺和沙丁胺醇与其他8种同类药物交叉反应均成阴性,特异性良好;各批添加回收率在60%~120%之间,准确度达到要求;不同克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺和沙丁胺醇浓度下变异系数(CV)均小于15%,符合精密度标准;猪尿中假阳性率和假阴性率均为0;此外与仪器方法的符合率为100%。试纸条适用于猪尿中克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺残留快速检测,具有灵敏度高、稳定性好和特异性强的特点。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献