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1.
本试验旨在了解屠宰前鸡、猪源食品动物体内大肠杆菌耐药情况,分析潜在的食品安全问题。从广州市畜禽交易市场随机采集待屠宰鸡和猪的粪便样品,分离鉴定大肠杆菌,并采用琼脂稀释法检测大肠杆菌对15种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,从658份猪源样品和133份鸡源样品中共分离鉴定出731株大肠杆菌,其中猪源606株,鸡源125株。药敏试验结果显示,731株大肠杆菌均表现出不同程度的耐药,耐药谱广且多重耐药现象严重。对复方新诺明和四环素的耐药率为90.0%以上,仅对头孢西丁、黏菌素和阿米卡星较敏感(耐药率均低于3%)。鸡源大肠杆菌对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、新霉素、阿米卡星、萘啶酸和环丙沙星的耐药率显著高于猪源大肠杆菌(P＜0.05)。鸡源大肠杆菌中3耐及3耐以上的菌株占97.60%,猪源大肠杆菌占94.72%。结果表明,屠宰前畜禽体内大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药性非常严重,以多重耐药为主,且耐药谱丰富多样。提示屠宰前畜禽携带的耐药菌对食品安全和人类健康存在较大的安全隐患。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在调查新疆石河子地区奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌的某些生物学特性及其耐药状况,以提高药物疗效,减少牛奶中药物的残留。试验从新疆石河子地区患乳房炎奶牛的乳样中分离纯化并鉴定出21株大肠杆菌,并对大肠杆菌分离株进行抗菌药物敏感性分析。结果表明,21株大肠杆菌对21种抗菌药物中的6种药物耐药率超过50%,其中最多的耐药15种,最少的耐药5种,耐药6及6种以上的菌株共占到76.19%。提示,该地区奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌对多种药物已产生了不同程度的耐药性,且存在严重的多重耐药情况。 相似文献
3.
800株不同动物源大肠杆菌的耐药性监测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用微量稀释法,检测了2007年12月分离自四川省5个市的牛源、猪源、鸡源800株大肠杆菌对13种抗菌药物的敏感性.结果显示,分离菌株的耐药率除阿米卡星仅5.9%外,其余药物均超过35%,对磺胺异(口惡)唑、磺胺甲嗯唑+甲氧苄啶、氨苄西林的耐药率较高,分别为100%、96.6%、75.8%;分离菌株多重耐药情况严重,耐受3种以上药物的菌株占92.6%.不同地区及不同动物源大肠杆菌耐药水平存在差异.其中成都地区耐药性最严重,鸡源大肠杆菌耐药率最高.监测结果表明,四川省动物源大肠杆菌的耐药现状已不容乐观,有必要加强耐药性监测,指导兽医临床合理使用抗菌药物. 相似文献
4.
长春地区猪源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解吉林省长春地区猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况,于2013年采集318份猪源样品,分离鉴定大肠杆菌275株。以氨苄西林、头孢噻肟等15种药物进行了药物敏感性实验,多重 PCR 方法进行系统进化分群。结果表明,大肠杆菌分离株对四环素、氨苄西林和磺胺甲基异恶唑耐药最严重（83.63%、52.72%、51.27%）,全部菌株对美洛培南、多粘菌素敏感,其中176 株菌表现为对3类以上抗生素的多重耐药（64.00%）。从仔猪腹泻样品分离大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素、喹诺酮类抗生素、四环素、氯霉素及磺胺甲基异恶唑的耐药率显著高于健康猪和猪肉样品分离株的耐药率。大肠杆菌分离株主要为 A 群和 B1群。研究获得了吉林长春地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性的基本流行病学数据,为指导养殖业的临床用药及耐药性监测提供了依据。 相似文献
5.
为了解河北省猪源耐药大肠杆菌的质粒携带情况,追踪耐药菌株的同源性,试验对已经过系统鉴定及药敏试验的12株猪源大肠杆菌进行质粒提取并使用限制性内切酶HindⅢ酶切,进行质粒谱型分析,探讨大肠杆菌耐药性与质粒及其酶切图谱之间的关系。结果表明:分离菌株质粒的获得率为100%;来源相同的菌株一般有相同或相似的质粒酶切图谱,来源不同的菌株酶切图谱大多不同,但亦有相同的。说明河北省不同地区的大肠杆菌也有同源性菌株存在;大肠杆菌的质粒携带与细菌的耐药性之间并没有明显的对应关系。 相似文献
6.
四川省部分地区大肠杆菌的耐药性监测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用常规方法对87份采集于四川省部分地区规模化养猪场病料样品(51份),健康鸡(28份)和野生白鹭(8份)粪便样品进行大肠杆菌分离鉴定,并采用K irby-Bauer法对大肠杆菌分离株的26种抗菌药物耐药性进行检测。结果表明,分离鉴定的51株猪源大肠杆菌、28株鸡源大肠杆菌和8株白鹭源大肠杆菌均存在不同程度多重耐药性,3重及3重以上耐药菌株占总菌株数88.51%:其中对青霉素G(100%)、强力霉素(89.66%)、复方阿莫西林(85.20%)、四环素(82.76%)、头孢氨苄(63.22%)、头孢噻吩(52.87%),氨苄青霉素和复方新诺明(51.72%)的耐药性较强;8株野生白鹭大肠杆菌多重耐药性远低于猪源和鸡源大肠杆菌分离株多重耐药性,对受试喹诺酮类、复方新诺明等多种药物高度敏感。 相似文献
7.
为了解豫北地区规模化养殖场猪源大肠杆菌的耐药性及基因多态性,对分离的21株猪源大肠杆菌进行药物敏感实验,采用PCR技术对其耐药基因进行检测,RAPD技术进行基因多态性分析。结果表明:豫北地区规模化养殖场分离的猪源性大肠杆菌菌株对常见16种抗生素存在不同情况的耐药性。其中对四环素、红霉素、麦迪霉素、阿莫西林、磺胺异恶唑、环丙沙星、新生霉素、复方新诺明、恩诺沙星、甲氧苄啶的耐药率均为100%,对庆大霉素、洛美沙星的耐药率为85%以上,对其他药物的耐药率相对较低;PCR检测得到8种耐药基因的条带;对菌株进行RAPD分析得到7种不同的基因型。大肠杆菌极易产生耐药性,耐药基因广泛存在于耐药菌株中,但耐药表型与耐药基因之间无绝对相关性。豫北地区猪源大肠杆菌感染多重耐药十分严重,严重影响了该地区猪源大肠杆菌病的诊治和预防。 相似文献
8.
【目的】了解河北地区动物源大肠杆菌分离菌株的耐药情况和各耐药菌株之间的亲缘关系,为有效防控大肠杆菌耐药性的产生提供科学依据。【方法】从河北省某养殖场采集健康动物的粪便样本297份(鸡源48份、猪源249份),通过细菌分离纯化和PCR扩增对分离菌株进行鉴定,采用药敏试验确定分离菌株的耐药表型,并对其进行耐药基因检测、血清型鉴定、系统发育群分析、质粒复制子分型和基因分型鉴定。【结果】分离菌株在麦康凯培养基上呈粉红色圆形菌落,经16S rDNA测序分析鉴定出129株大肠杆菌,其中92株大肠杆菌呈现多重耐药现象,主要以3～4耐为主,耐药基因以floR、tetA、qnrS和strB的检出率最高;多重耐药大肠杆菌以O132为优势血清型,系统进化群主要分布在A和B1群,主要流行质粒为IncFIB和IncN;经MLST分型获得27个ST型,主要为ST93型,其中12株序列型为未知型。【结论】河北地区健康动物肠道内大肠杆菌多重耐药现象较为严重,其血清型众多,分子特征呈现多样性,仍需加强对动物源大肠杆菌耐药性和分子特征的监测。 相似文献
9.
《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(1)
本实验对某地养殖场猪源和鸡源大肠杆菌的耐药性及氟苯尼考耐药基因flo R进行分析,旨在了解我国大肠杆菌的耐药现状,以降低对养殖业的危害,减少菌株耐药性的传播,为兽医临床用药及兽药管理提供科学依据,为新型抗菌药物的研制奠定理论基础。采用国标法分离鉴定大肠杆菌,肉汤微量稀释法进行药敏实验,PCR法检测氟苯尼考flo R基因,膜过滤法进行转化接合实验。结果表明:共分离大肠杆菌293株,分离率为73.3%,其中猪源157株,鸡源136株;大肠杆菌对磺胺类、四环素类和氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性相对严重,对氯霉素类、氟喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类药物相对敏感;与欧盟EUCAST标准相比,该地区大肠杆菌的MIC分布出现明显右移现象;80%以上的大肠杆菌均为多重耐药菌株,以8重和9重耐药菌株为主;氟苯尼考耐药基因flo R携带率为61.2%,flo R基因可以在菌株间相互转移。样品采集地区养殖场大肠杆菌污染严重,耐药种类逐渐增多,多重耐药现象严重,质粒介导的耐药基因可以在菌株间相互转移。 相似文献
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11.
为了解种鹅致病性大肠杆菌病的病原及其药物敏感性,2012年从广东地区患病种鹅器官和粪便中分离鉴定了62株大肠杆菌,采用琼脂稀释法测定了大肠杆菌对17种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果发现大肠杆菌耐药性严重,对大部分药物的耐药率超过60.0%,仅对头孢西丁、头孢他啶和黏菌素较敏感。联合药敏试验结果显示多西环素和氟苯尼考联用对耐药大肠杆菌产生协同抑菌作用,FIC指数为0.375～0.75。采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）法对24株大肠杆菌进行分型,结果分为17种不同的PFGE型别。大肠杆菌系统进化分群结果显示43.5%属于系统进化组群的D组,其次是A组和B1组,分别为34.8%和21.7%,B2组未检测到。通过对种鹅大肠杆菌耐药性、PFGE分型及其系统发育群进行综合分析,为临床用药提供了参考依据。 相似文献
12.
Dunowska M Morley PS Traub-Dargatz JL Hyatt DR Dargatz DA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,228(12):1909-1917
Objective-To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Escherichia coli strains isolated from the feces of horses and investigate relationships with hospitalization and antimicrobial drug (AMD) administration. Design-Observational study. Animals-68 hospitalized horses that had been treated with AMDs for at least 3 days (HOSP-AMD group), 63 hospitalized horses that had not received AMDs for at least 4 days (HOSP-NOAMD group), and 85 healthy horses that had not been hospitalized or treated with AMDs (community group). Procedures-Fecal samples were submitted for bacterial culture, and up to 3 E coli colonies were recovered from each sample. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 724 isolates was evaluated. Prevalence of resistance was compared among groups by use of log-linear modeling. Results-For 12 of the 15 AMDs evaluated, prevalence of antimicrobial resistance differed significantly among groups, with prevalence being highest among isolates from the HOSP-AMD group and lowest among isolates from the community group. Isolates recovered from the HOSP-AMD and HOSP-NOAMD groups were also significantly more likely to be resistant to multiple AMDs. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were most common, followed by resistance to gentamicin and resistance to tetracycline. Use of a potentiated sulfonamide, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, or metronidazole was positively associated with resistance to 1 or more AMDs, but use of penicillins was not associated with increased risk of resistance to AMDs. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-Results suggest that both hospitalization and AMD administration were associated with prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among E coli strains isolated from the feces of horses. 相似文献
13.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from dairy farms using organic versus conventional production methods 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Sato K Bartlett PC Saeed MA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(4):589-594
OBJECTIVE: To compare antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolates cultured from fecal samples from cows and calves on dairy farms that used organic (ie, no or severely limited antimicrobial use) versus conventional production methods. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Fecal samples from 10 cows and 10 calves on each of 30 organic dairy farms and 30 neighboring conventional dairy farms in Wisconsin. PROCEDURE: E. coli isolates obtained from the fecal samples were tested for susceptibility to 17 antimicrobials by means of a microbroth dilution test. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was compared between organic and conventional dairy farms. RESULTS: E. coli was isolated from 1,121 (94%) fecal samples. Farm type (organic vs conventional) and animal age (cow vs calf) were significantly associated with odds that E. coli isolates would be resistant to various antimicrobials. After controlling for age, logistic regression analyses indicated that isolates from conventional dairy farms had significantly higher rates of resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole than did isolates from organic dairy farms. However, no significant differences were detected for the 10 other antimicrobials that were tested. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that compared with isolates from conventional dairy farms, E. coli isolates from organic dairy herds have significantly lower prevalences of resistance to 7 antimicrobials; however, prevalence of resistance was not significantly different for 10 other antimicrobials. Resistance was more common for isolates from calves than for isolates from adult dairy cows. 相似文献
14.
宠物源大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定和耐药性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为调查长春地区宠物源大肠埃希菌耐药流行情况,从2家宠物医院采集135份宠物肛拭子样品,分离和鉴定大肠埃希菌并进行多重PCR分群。测定大肠埃希菌分离株对19种抗菌药物的耐药性,并鉴定超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)表型。共分离鉴定获得95株宠物源大肠埃希菌,它们对氨苄西林和哌拉西林的耐药率最高(78.9%和76.8%);其次是四环素(61.6%);对头孢唑林、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、庆大霉素、复方新诺明、环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星的耐药率均超过了50%;所有分离株均对亚胺培南和美罗培南敏感。其中15个分离株对受试的抗菌药物全部敏感(15.8%),63株呈多重耐药表型(66.3%)。ESBLs型菌株占53.7%。本研究探明了长春地区宠物源大肠埃希菌的耐药流行情况,对宠物临床上用药具有指导价值。 相似文献
15.
为了解四川省藏香猪源大肠埃希菌致病性、血清型及耐药性情况,从四川省藏香猪养殖场中无菌采集腹泻仔猪肝脏、肛拭子及粪便等组织病料253份中,分离得到155株大肠埃希菌。采用人工感染小鼠致病性试验、玻板凝集试验和KB药敏纸片法分别测定155株大肠埃希菌分离菌株的致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示,小鼠致病性试验表明155株分离菌中120株有致病性;玻板凝集试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株属于14个血清型,以O111、O147、O109和O119为主要流行的优势血清型;耐药性试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、新霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶4种药物耐药较严重,耐药率在94.2%~98.3%之间,对庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、多西环素等6种药物耐药率在44.2%~85.0%之间,对其他药物耐药率在15.0%~37.5%之间。说明该地区藏香猪源致病性大肠埃希菌血清型呈多样性分布,耐药性严重。 相似文献
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Checkley SL Campbell JR Waldner CL Dowling PM Chirino-Trejo M 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(11):1283-1286
Diagnostic laboratory data on antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of spring calves were evaluated retrospectively for the 5-year period from 1999 to 2003. The antimicrobials to which resistance was most prevalent were tetracycline, ampicillin, and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Resistance to 3 or more antimicrobials was found in 52.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 47.9 to 56.6] of the E. coli isolates. Incomplete records reduced the usefulness of the diagnostic laboratory data for surveillance. Standardized patient information submitted by veterinary clinics would increase the value of this data for surveillance. 相似文献
17.
Antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli isolated from grow-finish pigs in 20 herds in Alberta and Saskatchewan. 
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下载免费PDF全文 Leigh B. Rosengren Cheryl L. Waldner Richard J. Reid-Smith Sylvia L. Checkley Margaret E. McFall Andrijana Raji? 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(2):160-167
Escherichia coli (n = 1439), isolated from the feces of apparently healthy grow-finish pigs in 20 herds in Alberta and Saskatchewan, were tested for susceptibility to 16 antimicrobials. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin and less than 1% was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, and nalidixic acid. Resistance was most common to tetracycline (66.8%), sulfamethoxazole (46.0%) and streptomycin (33.4%). Twenty-one percent of the isolates were susceptible to all drugs, while 57% were resistant to 2 or more antimicrobials. Unconditional associations between resistances provided insight into the potential for co-selection. Every resistance-outcome was associated with at least 2 other drug-resistances. These associations illustrate the propensity for resistance phenotypes to occur together and the importance of considering co-selection in antimicrobial use decisions. A 2nd analysis explored the associations between resistance phenotypes in E. coli and Salmonella spp. from the same herd. Only 2 resistances in Salmonella were associated with herd-level E. coli resistance, indicating that E. coli is a poor sentinel for Salmonella AMR within herds. Herd-level management, including antimicrobial use, could affect antimicrobial resistance. The intra-class correlation between isolates within herds ranged from 0.1 to 0.46, which confirmed resistance clustered within herds. This suggests herd-level interventions might mitigate antimicrobial resistance. Overall, these results reflect the on-farm selection pressure for resistance and the potential food-safety risk from near-market animals. These data provide a baseline for comparisons with future on-farm monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli. 相似文献
18.
Wildlife may be an important reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. In this pilot study, the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli cultured from wild herring gull (Larus argentatus) feces and human wastewater at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, was compared. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion with seven antimicrobial agents. A high proportion of antimicrobial agent-resistant E. coli isolates (59.2%) were detected in wastewater samples compared with a lower prevalence of 17.5% in gull feces. In addition, there was a large proportion of isolates with intermediate susceptibility (93.0%) in gull feces. Although similar resistance patterns and shared resistance genes suggest possible wastewater contamination of the local environment, the relatively low frequency of resistance and high prevalence of intermediate susceptibility detected in E. coli cultured from gull feces depict a complex model of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli strains of wildlife origin. 相似文献
19.
为探索奶牛子宫内膜炎源性大肠埃希菌耐药基因及其耐药性之间的关系。采用K-B纸片法对临床分离的54株奶牛子宫内膜炎源性大肠埃希菌进行12种抗菌药物敏感性测定,应用PCR进行这些抗菌药物相关耐药基因的检测。结果显示,54株大肠埃希菌对复方新诺明、恩诺沙星和四环素的耐药率较高,分别为67%、39%和35%。分离的54株大肠埃希菌中有41株至少含有所检测耐药基因中的1种,CyrA、CyrB、ParC和Tet耐药基因较为普遍,其耐药菌基因检出率依次为96%、83%、100%和95%,13株没有检测到相应的耐药基因。奶牛子宫内膜炎源性大肠埃希菌对常见抗菌药物耐药严重,耐药基因普遍存在于耐药菌株中,除氨基糖苷类耐药菌株,其他3种抗菌药物类型耐药表型与耐药基因检测结果有较高一致性。 相似文献