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1.
皱膝蝗发生规律及预测预报的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
１９８９～１９９５年在甘肃省夏河县对红翅皱膝蝗和鼓翅皱膝蝗的生物学特性以及发生与环境的关系进行了系统的研究。两种皱膝蝗１年均发生１代,以卵在土中越冬。翌年５月中旬当平均气温达６．５℃左右时开始孵化出土,６月上旬至中旬为孵化出土盛期,７月上旬始见成虫,７月下旬或８月上旬开始产卵。红翅皱膝蝗若虫期平均约为６８ｄ,成虫寿命平均为４７ｄ左右,平均每雌产卵２５．７枚。鼓翅皱膝蝗蝗蝻期约为７２ｄ,成虫寿命５４ｄ左右,平均每雌产卵３２．６枚。红翅皱膝蝗的取食量随龄期增大而增大,蝗蝻期平均食量为１．６２ｇ左右,成虫期约为５．２０ｇ。应用历年６月上旬５ｃｍ土温建立了发生高峰期的预测模型。  相似文献   

2.
邱氏异爪蝗生物学特性的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
刘长仲  杨延彪 《草地学报》1998,6(3):221-225
通过在甘肃省夏河县的野外系统调查和饲养测表明,邱氏异爪蝗一年发生１代,以卵在土中越冬。翌年５月中旬开始孵化出土,６月上旬为孵化出土盛期。７月上旬始见虫,８月上旬成虫开始产卵。蝗蝻期共５龄,平均６９．４０天。成虫寿命平均６０．４２天。  相似文献   

3.
采用田间调查及室内饲养观察相结合的方法,研究了黑绒金龟甲(Serica orientalis)在兰州市的生活史、降水量对其田间消长动态的影响以及室内温度对其生长发育、卵孵化的影响。结果表明:25℃条件下,黑绒金龟甲的卵期6~9 d,幼虫3龄,幼虫期为53~86 d,蛹期9~16 d,成虫期长达9个多月,即280 d;黑绒金龟甲在兰州一年发生1代,4月下旬入蛰成虫开始出土,5月中旬~6月下旬成虫交配产卵;5月下旬~7月上旬为幼虫危害时期,7月中旬老熟幼虫开始转入地下化蛹,8月中旬蛹开始羽化,成虫当年不出土,在地下越冬,翌年4月下旬出蛰,黑绒金龟甲卵在18℃以下不能孵化,22~30℃时卵的历期随温度的升高逐渐缩短,32~35℃卵的历期则随温度的升高逐渐延长;其中,30℃时卵的孵化天数最短,为6.6 d;25℃时卵的孵化率最高,为95.00%,35℃时孵化率最低为21.25%。黑绒金龟甲的发生量与降水量有关,在每一个降水高峰期后,黑绒金龟甲的出土量明显增加。  相似文献   

4.
粗狭肋鳃金龟（Holotrichia scrobiculata Brenske）是蓝莓主要害虫，以幼虫在地下啃食根系为害。为掌握该虫在麻江的发生特点，探讨有效的综合防控措施，采用定期定点调查及室内饲养相结合的方法，对该虫的生物学特性进行了系统研究。结果表明：粗狭肋鳃金龟在贵州省黔东南州麻江县1年发生1代，以蛹越冬；翌年3月下旬至6月下旬成虫羽化出土，5月上旬开始产卵，5月下旬幼虫孵化，12月上旬老熟幼虫开始作蛹室化蛹并在土中越冬。成虫于每晚6点至10点集中出土并转移至壳斗科植物上进行取食或生殖活动，出土高峰期为4月下旬至6月上旬，寿命22.50-24.40 d；晚上20:00-21:00为成虫交配高峰期，交配后4-7天开始产卵，卵期10-20 d，产卵高峰期为6月，单雌产卵量30-50粒，散产；7月为幼虫孵化盛期，幼虫共3龄，历期219-252 d。此外，提出了黑光灯诱杀、人工采虫、冬季深耕翻土等有效的防治方法。  相似文献   

5.
通过野外调查和室内饲养对发生在云南保山余甘子Phyllanthus emblica Linn.植株上的桔斑簇天牛Aristobia approximator（Thomson）形态特征和生物学特性进行研究。结果表明，桔斑簇天牛1年发生1代，以卵和1~3龄幼虫在产卵槽底部和蛀食坑道内越冬。越冬期大龄幼虫于翌年3月下旬化蛹，低龄幼虫于5月下旬化蛹，蛹平均历期65~78d。6月上旬至10月上旬为成虫羽化期，6月下旬至8月中旬为羽化高峰期，成虫平均寿命为38~47d。7月上旬至10月上旬为产卵期，树皮厚度为3~5mm之间的产卵量最多，产卵率为96.03%。7月中旬至11月下旬为卵孵化期，卵孵化率为91.80%，卵的平均历期18~25d。10月中旬卵和幼虫进入越冬，10月中旬至11月下旬平均气温在10~15℃时越冬卵孵化率下降为57.30%。越冬期幼虫处于持续蛀食发育状态，幼虫平均历期为225~240d，幼虫大致分为6龄，4~5龄幼虫取食量最大，平均单日蛀道容积为28.26cm3。  相似文献   

6.
桑白毛虫在重庆市一年发生2代,越冬后的蛹在5月中旬进入羽化期.第1代桑白毛虫各虫态历期:卵期3.9天,幼虫期21.2天(25.99℃),蛹期61.5天,成虫寿命5~7天;幼虫发生盛期在5月中旬~6月中旬,每头幼虫全龄食桑量9234.73mg,经6个龄期而化蛹;成虫羽化盛期在8月下旬~9月上旬,每雌平均产卵量447粒,雌:雄=1:1.48.第2代桑白毛虫幼虫发生期从8月下旬开始至11月底结束,盛期在10月中旬~11月中旬,幼虫全龄经过46.22天(17.48℃),幼虫食桑量与第1代相近似,化蛹期集中在气温较低(15℃~16℃)的11月份.  相似文献   

7.
5月上旬至7月上旬,通过连续观测记载橘园及周边山林悬挂的诱蝇球捕获大实蝇成虫的数量,发现协同诱杀区诱蝇球捕获大实蝇成虫始盛期为6月上旬末,高峰期为6月中旬和下旬;协同诱杀区悬挂诱蝇球的适期应为6月初。  相似文献   

8.
通过对甘肃省肃南县草原的小翅雏蝗、狭翅雏蝗和短星翅蝗调查和饲养观察研究,发现小翅雏蝗的种群数量最大,每年发生一代。5月下旬孵化出土,7月下旬开始羽化,8月上旬羽化达到高峰,在3种蝗虫发育历期中最短;短星翅蝗在3种蝗虫中发育历期最长,6月上、中旬开始孵化出土,8月上旬开始羽化成虫,8月中、下旬为羽化高峰期;狭翅雏蝗的发生规律与小翅雏蝗相似,3种蝗虫成虫数量均在10月份急剧下降。  相似文献   

9.
山东菏泽地区近几年柿举肢蛾为害日趋严重 ,以幼虫钻食柿果 ,致使幼果干枯 ,大果早熟变红、变软 ,造成大量落果 ,无法食用。一般年份虫果率即达4 5 %～ 6 5 % ,严重影响柿果产量和品质。柿举肢蛾在菏泽地区一年发生 2代 ,以老熟幼虫结茧在树皮缝隙和根附近 5～ 10ｃｍ深的土中越冬 ,少数在树上干果或柿蒂上越冬。越冬代幼虫翌年 4月下旬化蛹 ,蛹期 19天左右 ,5月上旬成虫开始羽化 ,5月中下旬为羽化盛期。 5月下旬第 1代幼虫开始孵化为害幼果 ,6月为为害盛期 ,7月上旬出现第 1代成虫 ,7月中旬为羽化盛期。第 2代幼虫 8月初开始为害柿果 ,直至…  相似文献   

10.
沙葱萤叶甲的形态特征和生物学特性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
昊翔  周晓榕  庞保平  张卓然  包祥 《草地学报》2015,23(5):1106-1108
采用野外调查和室内饲养相结合的方法,明确了沙葱萤叶甲(Galeruca daurica)的生活史和主要生物学特性,以期为该虫的预测预报和防治提供必要的基础。在锡林郭勒草原,沙葱萤叶甲1年发生1代,以卵在牛粪、石块及草丛下越冬,越冬卵最早于4月上旬开始孵化,4月下旬为孵化盛期。幼虫大量取食新鲜的沙葱(Allium mongolium)、多根葱(Allium polyrhizum)及野韭(Allium ramosum)等葱属植物。5月中旬老熟幼虫开始化蛹,6月上旬成虫开始羽化,随后进入越夏蛰伏期。8月下旬雌雄成虫开始交尾产卵。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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