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1.
《浙江林业科技》2021,(3)
根据溶剂萃取分离法,采用水、乙醇、石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇5种溶剂从青钱柳Cyclocarya paliurus叶中提取分离得到7种提取物样品,通过不同样品对DPPH自由基(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基肼基自由基)、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用研究青钱柳叶不同活性组分的抗氧化活性,并对各提取物中的总黄酮含量进行测定,分析总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明,青钱柳叶各提取物均对DPPH自由基具有较强的清除作用,在0.04 mg·mL~(-1)浓度以下其清除率与浓度呈现良好的线性关系,清除能力最强的为醇提后的水提物,当浓度为0.1 mg·mL~(-1)时其清除率达到91.29%;对羟自由基的清除能力最强的为乙醇提取物,当浓度为1 mg·mL~(-1)时其清除率为53.55%,在试验浓度范围内除石油醚提取物外,其余样品的浓度与清除率均呈现一定的线性关系;而各样品对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率都明显小于Vc,且随浓度的增大其变化幅度较小;醇提后的水提物的总黄酮含量最高,为11.32%,其次为水提物,为10.94%;黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除率呈极显著正相关,r=0.602,与羟自由基清除率呈显著正相关,r=0.427,与超氧阴离子自由基清除率呈正相关,但相关性不显著,r=0.210,说明黄酮类化合物可能是青钱柳叶中主要的抗氧化活性成分之一。 相似文献
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黑荆树树皮原花色素生物活性的研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
对黑荆树树皮中原花色素的提取及生物活性进行了研究.实验分别以水、甲醇和乙醇作为提取溶剂,对黑荆树皮中原花色素的提取进行了探讨,通过测定其总抽出物含量和原花色素粗提物得率的影响,确定了适宜的提取条件,并重点对原花色素生理活性包括抗肿瘤和抗氧化活性进行了评价.利用MTT比色法对原花色素抗肿瘤活性进行了测定,利用清除DPPH自由基能力测定了其抗氧化能力.实验结果表明,黑荆树树皮是一种富含原花色素的植物资源.提取溶剂选择性试验结果表明,乙醇作为提取溶剂,不仅可以得到较高提取率的原花色素,而且所得原花色素粗提物具有较高的生理活性.黑荆树树皮原花色素适宜提取工艺条件为:溶剂浓度 70%,提取温度 60 ℃,液料比7∶1.体外癌细胞培养的抑制作用测试结果显示,黑荆树树皮提取得到的原花色素粗产品对人早幼粒白血病细胞HL-60有中效,分别对人低分化胃腺癌细胞BGC-823和人肝癌细胞BEL-7402有弱效.自由基清除能力测定结果显示黑荆树树皮中原花色素提取物有很强的抗氧化活性. 相似文献
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余甘子树皮提取物抗氧化及清除自由基活性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
余甘子树皮提取物的主要成分为局部棓酰化的聚原翠雀定-原花青定混合物,具有强抗氧化活性的化学结构特征.试验结果表明,采用超声波强化提取、冷冻絮凝沉降和大孔树脂吸附等方法提取分离获得的目标产物对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基-肼(DPPH)自由基的清除效率平均达91.13%,略高于茶多酚;对金属离子Fe2 的络合能力达358mg/g;抑制脂质过氧化能力强于马尾松树皮提取物.研究表明余甘子树皮提取物可望进一步开发成为新型天然抗氧化及自由基清除剂. 相似文献
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毛杨梅树皮提取物抗氧化及清除自由基活性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
毛杨梅树皮提取物中的主要成分为局部棓酰化的聚原翠雀定,具有比原花青定抗氧化活性更强的化学结构特征.本研究以水为提取剂,通过强化提取、絮凝沉降、溶剂萃取、吸附分离等手段从树皮中提取分离得到产物,并经花色素反应定性和IR谱图鉴别.用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)和蒸汽渗透压法(VPO)测定产物的相对分子质量(Mr)及其分布,产物中95%以上组分的数均相对分子质量(Mn)为1 705(相当于聚合度4～5),其余组分的Mn为798.用化学法测定目标产物分子中C-3的棓酰化度为38%.生物活性功能测定结果表明,目标产物能明显抑制油脂过氧化;络合Fe2 金属离子能力为181 mg/g;1 mg目标产物对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基的清除速率为0.23 mg/min,清除率为92%(试验浓度:产物与DPPH质量比为1:1.8),强于马尾松树皮原花色素试样.初步研究结果表明,毛杨梅树皮提取物可望进一步开发成为新型天然抗氧化及自由基清除剂. 相似文献
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银杏黄酮对活性氧自由基和过氧化氢清除作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用在反应体系中加入大肠杆菌提取物来部分模拟细胞环境,进一步分析银杏叶中黄酮类提取物在细胞内对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基清除率和过氧化氢的清除作用.结果表明,黄酮类提取物对两类自由基和过氧化氢有明显的清除作用,但在清除过程中黄酮类与内酯类的相互作用比较复杂.大肠杆菌提取物的生物大分子对自由基和过氧化氢的清除影响较小或没有影响. 相似文献
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以刺五加茎叶为原料,采用超声辅助醇提法对其有效成分进行提取,以DPPH自由基清除率为评价指标,通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验,研究液料比、超声时间、超声功率、乙醇浓度对其得率和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:最佳提取工艺条件为液料比1:30 g/ml,超声功率240w,提取时间50min,乙醇浓度85%,在此条件下提取物DPPH清除率为72.35%。此外,将最佳条件下获得的刺五加茎、叶提取物进行抗氧化活性研究,分别测定其清除DPPH自由基、OH自由基、NO2-离子和还原能力,并与抗氧化剂Vc进行对比分析。结果表明:刺五加茎叶提取物具有体外抗氧化功效,同浓度条件下,抗氧化剂Vc的清除率远远大于刺五加叶和茎提取物,刺五加不同部位醇溶性有效成分对自由基清除能力:叶茎。 相似文献
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毛杨梅树皮提取物中的主要成分为局部梧酰化的聚原翠雀定，具有比原花青定抗氧化活性更强的化学结构特征。本研究以水为提取剂，通过强化提取、絮凝沉降、溶剂萃取、吸附分离等手段从树皮中提取分离得到产物，并经花色素反应定性和IR谱图鉴别。用凝胶渗透色谱法（GPC）和蒸汽渗透压法（VPO）测定产物的相对分子质量（Mr）及其分布，产物中95％以上组分的数均相对分子质量（Mn）为1705（相当于聚合度4-5），其余组分的Mn为798。用化学法测定目标产物分子中C-3的掊酰化度为38％。生物活性功能测定结果表明，目标产物能明显抑制油脂过氧化；络合Fe^2＋金属离子能力为181mg／g；1mg目标产物对1，1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基的清除速率为0．23mg／min，清除率为92％（试验浓度：产物与DPPH质量比为1：1．8），强于马尾松树皮原花色素试样。初步研究结果表明，毛杨梅树皮提取物可望进一步开发成为新型天然抗氧化及自由基清除荆。 相似文献
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应用生物活性追踪法对香椿抗氧化活性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用生物活性追踪法,将香椿老叶甲醇提取物划分为4个不同极性部位,通过测定其总还原力、1,1-二苯基-2-苦基-肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力和三价铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)测试值,确定香椿老叶提取物抗氧化活性及其组成.结果表明:香椿老叶提取物中的强抗氧化活性物质主要集中在乙酸乙酯部位,该部位的总还原力相当于467.53mg/gVc的总还原值,FRAP值相当于10578μmol/g硫酸亚铁的FRAP值,质量浓度50mg/L的DPPH自由基清除率为92.84%,均比同浓度的2,4-二叔丁基甲基苯酚(BHT)强.相关性研究表明,香椿老叶提取物的抗氧化活性主要在于其含有较高的黄酮类化合物所致.TLC和HPLC分析表明:香椿老叶提取物强抗氧化活性物质主要由4个黄酮-糖苷类化合物组成. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献