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1.
为了研究树舌液体深层发酵浸膏(GAC)对肉鸡血清、肌肉、肝脏、粪便中胆固醇含量及胆汁酸排出量的影响,试验选用225只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为5组,分别是空白组(基础日粮)、抗生素组(基础日粮中添加5 mg/kg黄霉素)及3个GAC剂量组(基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%和0.2%多糖含量的GAC),每组设3个重复,每个重复15只肉鸡,试验期为42 d。结果表明:肉鸡饲料中添加不同剂量的GAC可显著降低血液总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平(P0.05),显著升高血液高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平(P0.05);显著降低肉鸡腿肌、胸肌和肝脏中胆固醇含量(P0.05),增加肉鸡粪便中胆固醇含量和胆汁酸的排泄量。说明在肉鸡饲料中添加GAC可通过增加肉鸡粪便中胆固醇和胆汁酸的排泄,从而降低肉鸡胸肌、腿肌和肝脏中胆固醇含量,其中GAC的最佳添加量为0.1%。  相似文献   

2.
选择艾维因肉鸡360羽,随机分为5个处理,每处理设3个重复,每重复24只鸡,分别饲喂添加0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%共轭亚油的(CLA)的试验日粮,旨在探讨CLA添加水平对肉鸡脂质代谢和胸、腿肌及腹脂中脂肪酸组成的影响,试验期为49d。结果表明:在肉鸡生长各个阶段,尽管CLA添加对血清中TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C含量和HDL-C/LDL-C影响不明显,但TC、TG含量都有降低趋势,而HDL-C/LDL-C有增加趋势。脂肪酸组成分析显示,CLA添加增加胸肌和腹脂中肉豆蔻酸(C14:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)和TSFA的含量,降低棕榈油酸(C16:1)、油酸(C18:1)和TMUFA含量;胸肌中TP-UFA含量不受CLA添加的影响,但腹脂和腿肌中TPUFA含量随CLA添加而显著增加(0P<0.05)。胸肌和腹脂中CLA含量处理组明显比对照组高,且随日粮中CLA含量的增加而逐渐增加,腿肌中CLA的含量很低,也未表现出相应的剂量效应,且仅在2%添加组检测到CLA的存在。  相似文献   

3.
文章旨在研究饲粮添加万寿菊提取物对肉鸡生长性能、色素沉积、抗氧化能力和肉品质的影响。试验将480只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他处理组分别在基础日粮中添加0.08%、0.16%、0.32%、0.64%万寿菊提取物(其叶黄素含量分别是20、40、80和160mg/kg)。结果表明,日粮添加万寿菊提取物可显著增加腿肌、皮肤的黄度值及腿肌的红度值,且随着添加水平的升高线性升高(P 0.05)。此外,万寿菊提取物显著提高肝脏和腿肌的总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活性(P 0.05),显著降低肝脏和腿肌丙二醛含量(P 0.05)。日粮添加万寿菊提取物可显著降低腿肌的滴水损失和剪切力(P 0.05),但万寿菊提取物对肉鸡生长性能无显著影响(P 0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加万寿菊提取物可显著提高肉鸡胴体黄度值、抗氧化能力和肉品质。  相似文献   

4.
选200羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成对照组和试验组(每组10个重复),试验组日粮添加0.1%溶血卵磷脂,研究溶血卵磷脂对肉鸡脂类代谢的影响。结果表明:溶血卵磷脂降低肝脏系数和肝脂率(P>0.05)、血清总甘油三酯与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P>0.05)、LDL-C/HDL-C和葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),上调肉仔鸡肝脏载脂蛋白B(P<0.01)和脂肪酸合成酶(P=0.155)mRNA表达水平;而对肉仔鸡的42日龄体重、腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚、肌间脂肪厚、腿肌和胸肌含脂率以及血清总胆固醇、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸、促甲状腺激素刺激激素和胰岛素含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果提示:溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡有减少肝脂肪沉积及降血脂作用。  相似文献   

5.
试验旨在研究大蒜粉对肉鸡屠宰性能、肌肉品质、常规化学成分和抗氧化功能的影响。选用1日龄艾拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡480只,随机分为4个处理组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只。空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加75 mg/kg金霉素,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加1 000 mg/kg(低剂量)和2 000 mg/kg(高剂量)大蒜粉。试验期42 d。结果表明:与空白对照组相比,日粮添加1 000 mg/kg大蒜粉提高了肉鸡屠体重、胸肌重、腿肌重和pH_(24h)(P0.05),提高了肉鸡腿肌的粗蛋白质含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(GPx)活力(P0.05),降低了肉鸡胸、腿肌肉24 h亮度和粗脂肪含量及腿肌蒸煮损失率(P0.05);日粮添加1 000 mg/kg和2 000 mg/kg大蒜粉均提高了肉鸡胸肌的粗蛋白质质含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、T-SOD和GPx及核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、SOD1和GPx基因的表达量(P0.05),降低了肉鸡胸肌的蒸煮损失率和丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05),提高了肉鸡腿肌T-AOC活力(P0.05),降低了腿肌的滴水损失率和MDA含量(P0.05),提高了Nrf2、SOD1、SOD2、CAT和GPx的表达量(P0.05);日粮添加2 000 mg/kg大蒜粉增加了肉鸡胸肌CAT的表达量(P0.05);与空白对照组相比,抗生素组仅提高了肉鸡胸肌的粗蛋白质含量、T-AOC活力及SOD1和GPx的表达量,降低了MDA含量(P0.05);与抗生素组相比,大蒜粉组肉鸡腿肌滴水损失降低(P0.05),且1 000 mg/kg大蒜粉提高了肉鸡腿肌肉CAT活性(P0.05)。综上所述,大蒜粉能够改善肉鸡屠宰性能、肌肉品质和抗氧化能力,加快蛋白质的沉积,日粮添加1 000 mg/kg大蒜粉为宜。  相似文献   

6.
饲粮中添加α-亚麻酸对产蛋鸡载脂蛋白B和血脂的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加α-哑麻酸(ALA)对蛋鸡载脂蛋白B(apoB)和血脂的影响.选取210 日龄海兰褐蛋鸡150只,随机分为6个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复5只鸡.采用单因素试验设计,日粮中分别添加0(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%和4.0%ALA.试验期4周.结果表明,添加ALA显著降低了各试验组第4周血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)含量(P<0.05).4.0%ALA组各周血清apoB的含量显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),而第2周肝脏中apoB的含最极显著增加(P<0.01).结论:饲粮中添加ALA能降低血脂水平,增加肝脏apoB的含量.  相似文献   

7.
文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平亚麻籽对肉鸡生长、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。试验选择1日龄AA肉鸡512只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复32只鸡。试验以玉米-豆粕为基础日粮,各组日粮分别在基础日粮中添加0、5%、10%和15%亚麻籽,试验分为两个阶段,共进行42 d。15%亚麻籽组比对照组日增重显著降低10.27%(P <0.05),同时试验后3周体重显著降低7.28%(P <0.05)。随着日粮亚麻籽添加水平的升高,整个试验期肉鸡日增重显著降低(P <0.05)。对照组和5%亚麻籽组较10%和15%亚麻籽组显著降低了0~3周肉鸡料肉比(P <0.05),而对照组较5%和15%亚麻籽组显著降低了4~6周肉鸡料肉比(P <0.05),同时对照组较所有亚麻籽组显著降低了试验全期料肉比(P <0.05)。5%和15%亚麻籽组较对照组显著降低了肉鸡蛋白质和能量利用效率(P <0.05)。与其他各组相比,15%亚麻籽组显著降低了肉鸡胴体重(P <0.05);15%亚麻籽组较对照组和10%亚麻籽组显著降低了胸肌相对重量(P <0.05),而对照组较5%和15%亚麻籽组显著降低了腿肌相对重量(P <0.05)。随着日粮亚麻籽添加水平的升高,胸肌和腿肌亚麻酸含量显著升高(P <0.05),但对照组与5%亚麻籽组对腿肌亚麻酸含量无显著影响(P> 0.05),10%和15%亚麻籽组较对照组显著提高了胸肌和腿肌亚油酸含量(P <0.05)。在本试验条件下,日粮添加15%亚麻籽使肉鸡日增重降低8.2%,但日粮添加亚麻籽可以提高胸肌和腿肌亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,因此,日粮中适宜的亚麻籽添加水平为10%。  相似文献   

8.
为了探讨补中益气汤发酵制剂对肉鸡血清生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响,选取300只7日龄健康AA肉鸡,随机分为4组(每组5个重复,每个重复15只),分笼饲养。空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,中药对照组在基础日粮中添加1%未发酵中药,试验1组在基础日粮中添加0.5%发酵中药,试验2组在基础日粮中添加1%发酵中药。结果显示:补中益气汤发酵制剂能显著提高肉鸡血清中总蛋白和球蛋白含量,降低总胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度(P0.05);显著增加血清和肝脏中的T-SOD、GSH-Px含量(P0.05),同时显著或极显著降低血清、肝脏和腿肌中的MDA浓度(P0.05或P0.01),不同剂量试验组之间没有明显差异(P0.05)。表明在肉鸡日粮中添加补中益气汤发酵制剂,能够改善肉鸡血液生化指标,显著提升肉鸡的抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

9.
选择1日龄健康固始鸡90只,随机分为3组,即对照组,试验Ⅰ组,试验Ⅱ组(n=30),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.25%、0.50%的茶多酚,试验期为42d。分别于2、4、6周称重,每组屠宰10只,取其内脏并测定鸡心脏、肝脏、肌胃中胆固醇和甘油三脂的含量,以研究茶多酚对固始鸡心脏、肝脏、肌胃中胆固醇和甘油三脂含量的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,茶多酚能显著降低肝脏中胆固醇含量(P0.05);添加0.5%茶多酚4、6周龄可显著降低肌胃中胆固醇含量;基础日粮中添加0.5%的茶多酚在4周龄时可显著降低肝脏中甘油三酯水平(P0.05),6周龄可极显著降低肝脏中甘油三酯水平(P0.01)。  相似文献   

10.
研究日粮添加维生素E(VE)和蛋氨酸锌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫和抗氧化性能及血清、组织维生素含量的影响。1350只健康的雌性1 d肉仔鸡被随机分为9组,每组5个重复,每个重复30羽。试验日粮采用3(0、200和400 mg/kg VE)×3(0、50和100 mg/kg锌)多因子设计试验,试验共进行35 d。结果显示:日粮VE或有机锌水平对肉鸡日增重、日采食量、料重比和死亡率均无显著影响(P0.05);日粮添加100 mg/kg锌较无锌组显著提高了肉鸡绵羊红细胞抗体和Ig G的含量(P0.05);日粮添加50或100 mg/kg锌较无锌组显著提高了脾脏和胸腺的重量(P0.05);日粮添加VE显著提高了肉鸡绵羊红细胞抗体和Ig G的含量(P0.05);随着日粮VE添加水平的升高,血清SOD、GHS-Px活性表现为线性升高(P0.05),而MDA含量线性下降(P0.05);日粮锌和VE添加水平对MDA含量的影响表现为显著交互作用(P0.05)。随着日粮锌添加水平的升高,胸肌、腿肌和肝脏中锌的沉积量显著升高(P0.05),且随着日粮锌或VE添加水平的升高,肝脏、胸肌和腿肌中VE含量线性升高(P0.05)。随着日粮锌添加水平的升高,血清锌含量显著线性升高(P0.05),同时显著降低了血清铁和铜含量(P0.05)。结果表明:在本试验添加下,日粮添加VE和有机锌(蛋氨酸锌)可以影响血清和组织中微量元素和维生素的含量,促进肉鸡免疫反应。日粮添加100 mg/kg锌和400 mg/kg VE可以提高肉鸡肌肉的抗氧化性能。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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