共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
《饲料工业》2015,(21)
研究不同能量、蛋白质水平的代乳品对南方地区哺乳期肉用犊牛营养物质消化和血清指标的影响,进而确立代乳品能量和蛋白质参数,为南方地区肉犊牛的饲料配制提供数据支持。采用2×2因子设计,犊牛代乳品的能量水平为16、14 MJ/kg,粗蛋白水平为25%、22%,共计4种。选取新生犊牛40头,21日龄断母乳并根据日龄和体重一致原则分为4个处理组,每组10头犊牛,分别饲喂上述4种代乳品,于77~85日龄进行消化试验并静脉采集血液。结果显示相同能量水平,犊牛对代乳品中粗脂肪和钙的表观消化率随粗蛋白水平的升高而提高(P0.05);较低粗蛋白水平代乳品,随其能量水平的升高,粗蛋白消化率显著提升(P0.05);低能低蛋白组(DE:14 MJ/kg,CP:22%)营养物质消化率略小于其它各组。饲喂低能量水平代乳品时,随其粗蛋白水平的升高,犊牛血清中尿素氮含量显著降低(P0.05);而饲喂高能量水平代乳品时,随其粗蛋白水平的升高,犊牛血清谷草转氨酶含量显著提高(P0.05);代乳品能量和粗蛋白水平对犊牛其它血清指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。高能量水平(DE:16 MJ/kg)有助于犊牛粗蛋白质消化吸收,高蛋白水平(CP:25%)有助于犊牛对粗脂肪和钙的利用,低能低蛋白水平(DE:14 MJ/kg,CP:22%)日粮不利于犊牛营养物质消化吸收。 相似文献
2.
试验旨在研究不同营养水平日粮对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊生长性能和器官指数的影响。采用2×3析因设计,将24只3月龄、体重为(10.56±1.28)kg海南黑山羊随机分成6个处理组,每个处理组4只羊(公、母各半),每只羊为1个重复。6个不同营养水平精饲料处理组分别为:试验1组粗蛋白质(CP)水平为15%、消化能(DE)水平为11.72 MJ/kg,试验2组CP 15%、DE 12.55 MJ/kg,试验3组CP 15%、DE 13.39 MJ/kg,试验4组CP 17%、DE 11.72 MJ/kg,试验5组CP 17%、DE 12.55 MJ/kg,试验6组CP 17%、DE 13.39 MJ/kg,试验期90 d。结果表明,精饲料粗蛋白质水平对试验羊平均日增重影响显著(P<0.05),17% CP日粮组试验羊有较高的平均日增重(P<0.05)和较低的料重比(P<0.05);日粮精饲料蛋白质和能量水平对心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃的脏器指数影响均不显著(P>0.05),随着精饲料消化能水平的增加,肠道的脏器指数逐渐减小(P<0.05)。结果提示,补饲不同营养水平精饲料对3月龄海南黑山羊育肥期羔羊平均日增重和料重比均有显著影响(P<0.05),对黑山羊肠道重量及肠道器官指数影响显著(P<0.05),而对其他内脏器官指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
3.
力克斯种母兔营养水平研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
本研究旨在探讨繁殖母兔的能量、粗蛋白等营养需要量.试验设高能量高蛋白(第1组:DE11.31MJ/kg,CP 18.73%)、低能量高蛋白(第2组:DE 10.71MJ/kg,CP 19.54%)、高能量中蛋白(第3组:DE11.31MJ/kg,CP 17.02%)和低能量中蛋白(第4组:DE 10.47MJ/kg,CP 17.48%)4个组.繁殖127窝测定结果表明:怀孕母兔饲粮营养水平为消化能10.47MJ/kg、粗蛋白17.48%、粗纤维14.62%时,产仔数、产仔成活率、初生窝重最高;哺乳母兔饲粮营养水平为消化能10.71MJ/kg、粗蛋白19.54%、粗纤维12.52%时,有利于35日龄断奶仔兔数和断奶窝重的提高. 相似文献
4.
《饲料研究》2021,(1)
试验旨在研究日粮能量水平对妊娠后期母驴日增重和营养物质消化率的影响。试验选取24只年龄、体重和预产日期相近的三粉驴,分为高能量日粮组(H)、中能量日粮组(M)和低能量日粮组(L) 3个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复1头驴,分别饲喂能量(DE)水平为10.95 (H)、10.53 (M)和9.98 MJ/kg (L)的日粮。试验期60 d。结果表明:H组的妊娠后期母驴平均日采食量和平均日增重显著高于M组和L组(P0.05);H组和M组的干物质(DM)和粗脂肪(EE)的消化率显著高于L组(P0.05),M组粗蛋白(CP)、磷(P)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的消化率显著高于H组和L组(P0.05),M组的钙(Ca)消化率较其他两组显著升高(P0.05)。研究表明,DE为10.53 MJ/kg的中能量组日粮可促进妊娠后期母驴对营养物质的消化,并获得较高的平均日增重;低能量水平不利于营养物质的消化与母驴的增重。 相似文献
5.
本试验旨在研究不同能量水平对道寒杂交羔羊生长性能、能量和氮表观消化率的影响,为肉用羔羊配制适宜营养水平的日粮提供依据。选用体重20 kg左右的道寒杂交断奶公羔48只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只。以NRC(2007)营养需要量参数为依据,配制不同代谢能水平(10.12、11.11、12.05 MJ/kg)日粮,可消化蛋白(11%)、钙和磷水平一致。试验预试期15 d,正试期50 d。当其中1组平均体重达到30 kg时,每组取6只,采用全收粪法收集粪样,测定能量和氮表观消化率。结果表明:羔羊体重、日增重、采食量均随能量水平的增加而提高,其中高能组极显著高于低能组(P0.01),显著高于中能组(P0.05),中能组显著高于低能组(P0.05);高能组日粮能量表观消化率显著高于低能组和中能组(P0.05),低能组与中能组间差异不显著(P0.05);高能组和中能组的日粮氮表观消化率极显著高于低能组(P0.01),高能组与中组间差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,日粮能量水平影响羔羊能量和蛋白的消化利用及生长发育,当20~30 kg羔羊日粮含11%可消化蛋白,代谢能为12 MJ/kg时羔羊生长性能、能量和蛋白利用率最佳。 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究饲粮消化能(DE)和可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)水平对舍饲燕山绒山羊公羔营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择体况良好、体重为(16.17±1.90) kg的4月龄断奶燕山绒山羊公羔90只,随机分为9组,每组10只。试验采用3×3完全随机设计,DE设定低(11.6 MJ/kg)、中(12.8 MJ/kg)、高(14.0 MJ/kg) 3个水平,DCP也设定低(8.5%)、中(9.5%)、高(10.5%) 3个水平,共配制9种饲粮。每组试验羊随机饲喂1种饲粮,当试验羊平均体重达到20 kg时,每组选择4只进行消化代谢试验,预试期7 d,正试期3 d。结果显示:1)随着饲粮DE水平的升高,粪能显著降低(P0.05),总能表观消化率显著提高(P0.05);饲粮DCP水平和DE水平与DCP水平的交互作用对摄入总能、粪能、尿能、消化能和总能表观消化率均未产生显著影响(P0.05)。2)摄入氮和粪氮随饲粮DE水平的升高而显著降低(P0.05);低、中DE水平组的氮表观消化率显著低于高DE水平组(P0.05);低DCP水平组的摄入氮和氮表观消化率显著低于高DCP水平组(P0.05),低、中DCP水平组的可消化氮显著低于高DCP水平组(P0.05);饲粮DE水平与DCP水平的交互作用对各氮代谢指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)随着饲粮DE水平的升高,干物质、有机物、粗脂肪和钙的表观消化率逐渐提高,其中干物质、有机物的表观消化率表现为各组间差异显著(P0.05),粗脂肪的表观消化率表现为高DE水平组显著高于低DE水平组(P0.05),钙的表观消化率表现为高、中DE水平组显著高于低DE水平组(P0.05);饲粮DCP水平以及DE水平与DCP水平的交互作用对干物质、有机物、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙和磷的表观消化率均未产生显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,随着饲粮DE水平的提高,燕山绒山羊的干物质、有机物、粗脂肪、钙、总能和氮的表观消化率持续提高;饲粮DCP水平显著影响了燕山绒山羊的摄入氮、消化氮和氮表观消化率;饲粮DE和DCP水平分别为14.0 MJ/kg和10.5%时燕山绒山羊的总能表观消化率、消化能、氮表观消化率最高,DE和DCP水平分别为12.8 MJ/kg和10.5%时燕山绒山羊的沉积氮最高。 相似文献
7.
选用体重约26千克的杜长大三元杂交猪100头,随机分成四组。分别饲喂正对照基础日粮、负对照基础日粮、正对照基础日粮 0.075%酶制剂、负对照基础日粮 0.075%酶制剂,研究常规蛋白和能量水平以及蛋白水平降低一个百分点、能量降低0.5MJ/kg的条件下,酶制剂对生长猪生产性能和日粮养分消化率的影响。结果表明:正对照 酶组的平均日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)比正对照组提高了19.3%和19.2%;干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)和能量(DE)的消化率分别比正对照组提高了2.3%、1.9%、7.2%和1.5%;负对照 酶组的平均日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)比正、负对照组分别提高了15.6%和18.9%、13.1%和12.5%;干物质(DM)和能量(DE)消化率比负对照组提高了1.5%和3.3%;正负对照 酶明显改善了养殖经济效益。 相似文献
8.
断奶至出栏期生长獭兔营养水平的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
为研究断奶至出栏(5月龄)期间生长獭兔能量、粗蛋白的营养需要量,选择132只35日龄和45日龄断奶獭兔分两次试验,每次设低能量高蛋白(第1组:DE 10.97MJ/kg、CP 18.98%)、高能量高蛋白(第2组:DE11.31MJ/kg、CP 19.36%)、高能量中蛋白(第3组:DE 11.31MJ/kg、CP 17.37%)和低能量中蛋白(第4组:DE 10.72MJ/kg、CP17.40%)4个组.15～17周生长发育和被毛品质测定结果显示:①4种饲粮对断奶至出栏期獭兔的日增重无显著的影响(P＞0.05).饲粮中消化能高低对獭兔采食量有调节作用,高能量高蛋白有利于饲料利用率的提高.②高蛋白饲粮(低能量或高能量)有利于提高优质獭兔皮的比例,高能量中蛋白不利于被毛质量的提高.③断奶到出栏期獭兔饲粮含DE 10.97MJ/kg、CP 18.98%和DE11.31MJ/kg、CP 19.36%有利于獭兔被毛品质的提高. 相似文献
9.
《中国畜牧杂志》2020,(9)
本试验旨在研究不同日粮蛋白质水平对20～30 kg无角道赛特×小尾寒羊(道寒)杂交一代羔羊生长性能、营养物质及能量表观消化率的影响,为羔羊日粮配制和我国肉羊营养需要参数提供数据支持。选用36只体重20 kg左右的断奶道寒杂交公羔,随机分为3组,每组12只,参照NRC(2007)营养需要量分别配制可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)为9.94%、11.04%、11.98%全混合日粮(消化能为14.45 MJ/kg)。预试期15 d,正试期50 d。测定采食量及生长性能,体重达30 kg时采用全收粪尿法测定羔羊的表观消化率。结果表明:11.98%DCP组羔羊的采食量极显著高于9.94%DCP组和11.04%DCP组,各组间能量表观消化率差异不显著,11.98%DCP组和11.04%DCP组的氮表观消化率显著高于9.94%DCP组,粗脂肪消化率随蛋白浓度提升而显著提高,11.98%DCP组和9.94%DCP间差异显著。综上,日粮中蛋白水平影响羔羊生长性能及其对营养物质的消化利用,且消化能14.45 MJ/kg、可消化蛋白为11.98%时20～30 kg羔羊生长性能最好。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献