首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 201 毫秒
1.
为了探究不同畜禽粪便基料配比对太平3号蚯蚓养殖的影响,为畜禽粪便合理配比及大田蚯蚓养殖提供可行性参考,试验以牛粪养殖蚯蚓为对照,不同种类粪便两两组合,设计不同组合比例的粪便基料,利用花盆室内养殖法进行小规模预试验,观测、分析和比较太平3号蚯蚓在不同组合与配比基料中的取食、排粪、逃逸情况及适应性等生物学特性指标,从而获得2种粪便的最佳组合与配比,并在此基础上获得3种和4种不同粪便的最佳组合与配比。结果表明:2种畜禽粪便组合时采用猪粪∶羊(牛)粪为6∶4,鸡粪∶羊(牛)粪为2∶8,3种畜禽粪便采用猪粪∶鸡粪∶牛粪和牛粪∶鸡粪∶羊粪为3∶2∶5,牛粪∶猪粪∶羊粪为3∶4∶3,4种畜禽粪便采用猪粪∶鸡粪∶羊粪∶牛粪为3∶1∶2∶4的比例配制基料养殖蚯蚓效果最好,其取食量大、排粪多、逃逸数量少,适应性较强,与牛粪养殖蚯蚓相比差异较小。说明不同种类畜禽粪便采用适当比例进行组合养殖蚯蚓具有可行性。  相似文献   

2.
蚯蚓对不同粪料利用情况的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
由于动物粪便的酸性特点和营养物质含量不同,蚯蚓在多种畜禽粪便中的生长表现也各不相同。利用日本爱胜赤子蚯蚓,对牛、猪、鸡等多种畜禽粪便进行单一粪料与按不同比例混合粪料利用情况的比较,结果显示：蚯蚓在单一的牛粪或猪粪中能较好地生长,但在鸡粪中生长较差;在混合粪料中,蚯蚓在不合鸡粪的粪料中生长最佳,在含有鸡粪的混合粪料中,牛粪比例的增加,可提高蚯蚓的生长指标。  相似文献   

3.
蚯蚓在腐熟猪粪中的生长优于牛粪,而蚯蚓的繁殖,则在牛粪中优于在腐熟猪粪中。将新鲜猪粪和牛粪按比例混合形成混合粪,在最适温湿度和接种密度条件下养殖蚯蚓,可以减少猪粪发酵时间和成本。为改善在这种混合粪中蚯蚓的繁殖生长情况,我们研究了用混合粪养殖蚯蚓的同时添加EM菌的效果。将试验分为4组,EM菌的添加量分别为0%、1%、0.5%、0.25%,每组设置12个重复。结果表明:EM菌添加量为0.5%时,蚯蚓在由新鲜猪粪和新鲜牛粪组成的混合粪中生长繁殖效果较好。但绝大数情况下,未添加EM菌组在日增重倍数和日增殖倍数上都优于其他添加EM菌组,说明用混合粪养殖蚯蚓不需要添加EM菌。  相似文献   

4.
“太平二号”蚯蚓食性复杂,喜食畜禽粪便,能够降低畜禽粪污对环境的污染,同时,蚯蚓对硒也有很强的富集作用。该试验在半发酵牛粪中添加不同比例亚硒酸钠(sodium selenite, SS)与富硒酵母(selenium-enriched yeast, SY)的混合硒(10 mg·kg-1,SS∶SY=1∶1,1∶2,1∶4)养殖蚯蚓,探究硒元素对蚯蚓生长繁殖和蚯蚓粪肥力(N、P、K)的影响,选择富硒蚯蚓的适合养殖浓度及复合硒比例,在蚯蚓处理牛粪的同时提升蚯蚓富硒效果。结果表明：(1)与对照组相比,在牛粪基料中添加硒元素,蚯蚓的日增殖倍数与日增重倍数较低(P<0.01),试验组中以SS组生长繁殖较好;(2)试验组蚯蚓蚓体硒含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),在试验组中,SY组蚓体硒含量显著高于SS组(P<0.05);(3)SY组与混合Ⅲ组(SS∶SY=1∶4)蚓粪中N含量最高,混合Ⅰ与混合Ⅲ组蚓粪的P含量最高,混合Ⅲ组蚓粪中K含量最高;(4)各试验组蚓粪硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组中以混合Ⅰ组蚓粪硒含量最高,SS组蚓粪硒含量最低...  相似文献   

5.
旨在为研究者深入研究蚯蚓处理粪污技术提供一定参考和借鉴。通过查阅与蚯蚓处理粪污技术相关的文献资料,得出影响蚯蚓处理粪污效果的主要因素有蚯蚓品种选择、环境因素、粪便腐熟程度和粪便组合及辅料成分等。其中,爱胜蚓属的太平2号蚯蚓为国内外专家研究使用最多、实际应用中最广泛的蚯蚓品种;使用蚯蚓处理粪便时,温度保持在15-25℃,pH值应该控制在中性范围内;最适宜蚯蚓生长繁殖的畜禽粪便为牛粪,处理其他动物粪便时加入牛粪形成粪便组合进行处理,牛粪所占比例一定最多。关于湿度和粪便腐熟程度对蚯蚓处理粪便效果的影响、辅料的选择,以及对于除环境因素外的其他3项因素（蚯蚓品种选择、粪便腐熟程度、粪便组合及辅料成分）在不同情况下的选择需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

6.
不同基料养殖大平3号蚯蚓的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
用新鲜牛粪加青贮玉米秆（6∶4）、发酵牛粪加青贮玉米秆（6∶4）、土壤加青贮玉米秆3种不同配比的基料养殖大平3号蚯蚓,研究其生长和增殖的效果。结果表明,以鲜牛粪和青贮玉米秆为基料时,大平3号蚯蚓生长速度最快,繁殖数量最多。  相似文献   

7.
笔者通过模拟蚯蚓养殖试验,旨在选择不同畜粪(牛粪、猪粪和羊粪)配比基质下饲养蚯蚓的最佳组合。试验共设3种不同原料配比的处理,7 d预饲期,50 d正式试验期,每个处理150条蚯蚓,室温条件下进行养殖试验。通过测定蚯蚓增重、蚯蚓茧数、蚯蚓增加条数和蚯蚓长度指标,来筛选牛粪、猪粪和羊粪混合养殖蚯蚓的最佳优化组合。试验结果表明,从对蚯蚓存活的影响来看,组Ⅰ的蚯蚓死亡数和逃逸数显著低于其他2组(P<0.05),组Ⅲ的蚯蚓死亡数和逃逸数显著高于其他2组(P<0.05)。从对蚯蚓生长性能的影响上来看,在初始体重无显著差异的前提下,组Ⅰ的增重倍数和总长度显著高于其他2组(P<0.05),组Ⅲ的增重倍数和总长度显著低于其他2组(P<0.05)。从对蚯蚓增殖的影响上来看,组Ⅰ的成蚓、幼蚓和蚓茧数均显著高于其他2组(P<0.05),组Ⅲ的成蚓和蚓茧数均显著低于其他2组(P<0.05)。综上所述,处理组Ⅰ(牛粪∶羊粪∶猪粪=80∶10∶10)为最适宜组合。  相似文献   

8.
《畜牧与兽医》2019,(12):34-39
集约化畜禽养殖中,饲料中均添加多种微量元素,如硒、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、砷(As)等,导致畜禽粪便作为有机肥使用后,粪便中重金属残留影响土壤和水环境质量。本文采用原子吸收和原子荧光分光光度法,测定了泰州地区规模化养殖场畜禽粪便(鸡粪、鸭粪、鹅粪、猪粪和牛粪)中铜、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、镍(Ni)、砷等7种元素含量。结果表明,猪粪和鸡粪中Cu、Zn、Cd含量高于其他3种粪便,牛粪和鹅粪中Cr含量较高。Cu、Zn和As在猪粪中的残留水平最高。Cu和Zn在不同粪便中的含量差别较大,猪粪中Cu的平均含量571.3 mg·kg~(-1)、中位数为370.8 mg·kg~(-1),明显高于其他畜禽粪便,鹅粪和牛粪含量最低;Zn在猪粪中的平均含量高达578.3 mg·kg~(-1)、中位数为506.9 mg·kg~(-1),鸡粪和鸭粪其次,鹅粪和牛粪的平均含量最低。参照德国腐熟堆肥重金属限量标准,除牛粪外,其他畜禽粪便中重金属含量均有超标现象,其中猪粪Cu、Zn、Cd严重超标,鸡粪Zn、Cd、Ni严重超标。根据我国畜禽粪便安全使用准则中在pH6.5土壤中使用限量标准,猪粪中As、Cu、Zn均超标。  相似文献   

9.
为了解决畜禽粪便污染问题,试验首先在猪粪中和小麦秸秆中添加不同剂量枯草芽孢杆菌进行堆肥,初步探索堆肥最佳添加量;其次对不同碳氮比组合的猪粪与秸秆进行堆肥,寻求堆肥腐熟最佳碳氮比;最后将堆肥作为蚯蚓饵料用于蚯蚓养殖,根据蚯蚓的综合生长情况分析最适合蚯蚓养殖的猪粪与小麦秸秆碳氮比。结果表明:堆肥处理中,最佳枯草芽孢杆菌添加量为1.0%;适合猪粪与秸秆堆肥腐熟组为B组(初始碳氮比为25)和C组(初始碳氮比为30);初始碳氮比为30时堆肥腐熟后养殖蚯蚓效果最佳。  相似文献   

10.
蚯蚓基料是蚯蚓栖息和觅食的物质基础,基料的质量直接决定着蚯蚓的生存和繁殖生长,为了探究本地区利用玉米秸秆、蔬菜废叶、牛粪等废弃物高效养殖蚯蚓的方法,试验设计了10个不同对比试验,最终得出了牛粪、玉米秸秆青贮废弃物和蔬菜废叶按3∶3∶4的比例腐熟是养殖蚯蚓的最佳基料配方。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号