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1.
The complete mitochondrial genome (mt-genome) sequence of Fulvia mutica (Veneroida; Cardiidae) was determined. The genome is 19,110 bp in size and contains 42 genes, including the ATP synthase subunit 8 gene (atp8). All genes are on the same strand, as in other marine bivalves. It is extremely different in gene arrangement and size from that of Acanthocardia tuberculata, the only species belonging to Cardiidae with complete genome sequence data. The presence of putative atp8 genes in two additional reported bivalve species, A. tuberculata and Sinonovacula constricta was also inferred by revising their deposited sequence data. It was suggested that atp8 genes of heterodont bivalves could be translated to 37–39 amino acid sequences highly conserved within families, excluding Hiatella arctica with 53 amino acids. The mt-genome of F. mutica also contains two large duplicated regions related to different sequence motifs. One of the regions consists of five nearly identical copies of the 154 bp motif that includes a transfer RNA gene for cysteine. This region exhibited polymorphism in the number of repeats among individuals, suggesting the existence of a variable number of tandem repeats, which was expected to provide valuable information for developing useful genetic markers for phylogenetic study and population genetics.  相似文献   

2.
鲂属鱼类线粒体基因组的比较及其系统发育分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
基于GenBank中团头鲂线粒体基因组全序列和三角鲂、厚颌鲂、广东鲂的部分线粒体基因组序列,设计引物扩增出三角鲂、厚颌鲂和广东鲂3种鱼线粒体基因组全序列,同时对4种鲂属鱼类线粒体基因组全序列进行了比较分析。结果表明,4种鲂属鱼类线粒体基因组基因排列顺序完全相同,排列紧密,均包含13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA、2个rRNA、1个非编码控制区(D-loop区)和1个轻链复制起始区(OL区)。除ND6和8个tRNA在L链上编码外,其余的基因均在H链上编码。4种鲂属线粒体基因组13个蛋白质编码基因中,均呈现出较强的A+T偏向性和C碱基偏好。全序列比对结果显示,共有758个变异位点,其中非简约性信息位点有691个,占总变异位点的91.16%,简约性信息位点有67个,仅占总变异位点的8.84%。22个tRNA基因中只有11个存在种间变异,共23个变异位点,主要发生在tRNA三叶草结构的TΨC和DHU臂环上。13个蛋白质编码基因中共检测出626个变异位点,这些变异主要发生在密码子第三位,占总变异位点的82.59%,其中变异位点数最多的是Cyt b基因,达84个,其次是ND 4基因(83个)。因此,Cyt b和ND4基因可作为备选的分子标记,用于鲂属群体间的遗传学研究。基于4种鲂属鱼类线粒体基因组全序列构建的ML树和BI树均显示,三角鲂与厚颌鲂的亲缘关系最近,团头鲂与它们的亲缘关系相对较近,而广东鲂与前述3种鲂属鱼类的亲缘关系均较远。  相似文献   

3.
为研究泥东风螺线粒体基因组遗传进化和遗传多样性,采用PCR扩增和直接测序技术,对泥东风螺线粒体基因组全序列及3个野生群体线粒体基因测序,并用生物软件进行分析。研究结果表明,泥东风螺线粒体基因组上的tRNA-Met、tRNA-Tyr、tRNA-Cys、tRNA-Trp、tRNA-GLn、tRNA-Gly、tRNA-Glu和tRNA-Thr位于环形线粒体L链上;18种腹足纲动物线粒体全长基因相似性为70.1%～92.9%,种间的12SRNA和16SRNA相似性与线粒体基因组全长相似性相当;12SRNA的391～491bp区域和16SRNA的1～106bp和361～481bp区域为高度变异区,而16SRNA的1191～1317bp区域为高度保守区;以F5引物扩增测序3个野生群体,共检测到由40个多态位点组成的26个单倍型,野生群体单倍型多样性为(0.406±0.112)～(0.532±0.113),野生群体核苷酸多样性为(0.00094±0.00124)～(0.00111±0.00123);北海野生群体与连江和长乐野生群体之间的遗距离分别为0.00094和0.00099。其结果可以为泥东风螺遗传进化、人工增殖和种质资源保护评估提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT: The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome for the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus (Teleostei: Clupeiformes) was determined. The entire genome was purified by gene amplification using the long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and products were subsequently used as templates for PCR with 56 fish-versatile primers that amplify contiguous, overlapping segments of the entire genome. Direct sequencing of the PCR products demonstrated that the genome (16 675 base pairs [bp]) contained the same 37 mitochondrial genes (two ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA and 13 protein-coding genes) as those found in other vertebrates, with the gene order being identical to that in typical vertebrates. A major non-coding region between the tRNAPro and tRNAPhe genes (1024 bp) was considered to be the control (D-loop) region, as it has several conservative blocks characteristic to this region.  相似文献   

5.
利用已构建的仿刺参cDNA文库得到的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)相关基因序列设计扩增引物,测定了大连仿刺参线粒体基因组全序列,并对其进行了基因构成和进化分析。仿刺参线粒体基因组序列长16 109bp,其基因构成与其他后口动物基本一致,包括37个基因(2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和13个蛋白质编码基因)和3个主要的非编码区。在其37个基因中,ND6、tRNASer(AGN)、tRNAGln、tRNAAla、tRNAVal、TrnaAsp位于L链上,其余均位于H链上。在13个蛋白质编码基因中,除ND1的起始密码子为GTG外,其余均以ATG作为起始密码子;除Cytb以"T"作为终止密码子外,其他蛋白质基因均具有完全的终止密码子,且在已知的棘皮动物线粒体蛋白质基因中,部分基因的起始和终止密码子表现出一定的纲内特异性。比较分析了大连、青岛、威海仿刺参线粒体基因组,三者的基因组成和排列相同,碱基组成相近,蛋白质编码基因的起始和终止密码子完全一致,但存在核苷酸和氨基酸序列的差异。三者的控制区序列存在多个插入/缺失和SNP位点。根据COI、Cytb和ND4计算了三者之间的遗传距离为0.006～0.018,遗传距离分析和系统进化关系分析都显示青岛仿刺参和威海仿刺参的关系较大连仿刺参更近。  相似文献   

6.
Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
SUMMARY: We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome for ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis . Two large DNA fragments covering the entire genome were amplified using a long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and the products subsequently used as templates for PCR with 57 fish-versatile and five species-specific primers that amplify contiguous, overlapping segments of the entire genome. Direct sequencing of the PCR products demonstrated that the genome (16 537 bp) contained the same 37 mitochondrial genes (two ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes) as those found in other vertebrates, with the gene order identical to that in typical vertebrates. A major non-coding region between the tRNAPro and tRNAPhe genes (857 bp) was considered to be the control region (D-loop), as it has several conservative blocks that are characteristic to this region.  相似文献   

7.
The complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Stichopus sp. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae: Stichopus) was acquired using conventional PCR and long PCR followed by cloning and sequencing. The mtDNA is a circular molecule of 16 257 bp in length, containing the set of 37 genes, including 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes. The plus strand consists of 30.9% A, 23.7% C, 16.0% G and 29.3% T bases (AT skew = 0.027; GC skew = ?0.194). All 13 PCGs encode a total of 3782 amino acids and all 22 tRNA genes were predicted to be capable of folding into a clover‐leaf secondary structure. Intergenetic regions in the mitochondrial genome of Stichopus sp. contain 903 bp in total, with the largest continuous region (674 bp, AT% = 58.6) between tRNA‐Thr and tRNA‐Pro. Analysis of phylogenetic relationship of family Stichopodidae and genetic distances (species among the family Stichopodidae and species within Stichopus monotuberculatus group) based on the partial cox1 sequence demonstrates that Stichopus sp. from the South China Sea is a member of S. monotuberculatus complex.  相似文献   

8.
The nucleotide sequences of DNA fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from four different genomic regions of nine red sea bream iridoviruses (RSIVs) isolated from different species of fish, different areas and in different years in Korea were compared with the reported reference sequences. One isolate, RSIV Namhae, showed 100% homology to the reference sequences, while the other eight isolates, which appeared to contain identical nucleotide sequences, showed 96.6–98.9% homology with reference sequences depending upon the target regions of PCR gene amplification. However, differences in nucleotide sequences were not apparent between the RSIVs isolated in different locations, in different years or in different host species. We also cloned and sequenced the 3′ end flanking region (K1) of the DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene using the cassette ligation-mediated PCR method. This sequence was 4436-bp long and possessed two open reading frames (ORF-1 and ORF-2) oriented in opposite directions. The putative proteins encoded by these two ORFs could not be characterized by comparison with the proteins of other species in the data banks. The presence of the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit (RNRS) gene at the 3′ end of the K1 region allowed us to determine that these two genes, RNRS and DPOL, are separated 5508 bp and oriented in the same direction in the genome of RSIV. Moreover, it is of interest that a PstI-restriction fragment, of which the sequence but not the location within the RSIV genome had previously been reported, is located at nucleotide positions from 1096 to 2054, extending from within the ORF-1 region, spanning the intervening sequence between ORF-1 and ORF-2, and extending into the ORF-2 region. Various repeating sequences up to 86 bp were present at the 3′ ends of ORFs, especially within the nucleotide sequences at the 3′ terminus of ORF-2. No similarities were detected when the DNA sequences of the K1 region were compared to the DNA sequences of a repetitive element in the genome of other iridoviruses.  相似文献   

9.
A one-step semi-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is proposed to distinguish seven species and subspecies of tropical eels, i.e., Anguilla celebesensis, A. interioris, A. nebulosa nebulosa, A. marmorata, A. borneensis, A. bicolor bicolor, and A. bicolor pacifica, known in Indonesian waters. Seven pairs of species-specific primers, including two forward and seven reverse sequences, were designed after alignment of published and new complete mitochondrial cytochrome b (1,140 bp) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (1,120 bp) sequences. All species-specific primer pairs are included in one PCR mix, but only one pair of them can amplify a specific fragment from the template DNA that is analyzed. The semi-multiplex PCR amplified a fragment of 230 bp for A. b. bicolor, 372 bp for A. n. nebulosa, 450 bp for A. borneensis, 620 bp for A. marmorata, 670 bp for A. b. pacifica, 720 bp for A. celebesensis, and 795 bp for A. interioris, which are then separated by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.  相似文献   

10.
The growth hormone (GH) gene isolated and cloned from various Labeo species (L. rohita, L. calbasu, L. fimbriatus, L. gonius, L. bata, and L. kontius) is shown to contain a single copy in the haploid genome, with an overall size of ∼2.5 kb. The GH gene in all the Labeo species studied has five exons and four introns of various sizes with the exon/intron boundary sequence of GT/AG. The length variation of the GH gene between the species is found to be due to length variation in the form of several deletions in the third intron. The length of individual exons is the same in all the species with an open reading frame (ORF) of 630 bp (210 amino acids) except in L. rohita, which has a 9 bp deletion in the fourth exon, resulting in a shorter GH of 621 bp (207 amino acids). The similarity in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences between the different Labeo species is greater than 97%, in spite of eight amino acids being altered in the GH protein of Labeo that reside outside the conserved domain sequence required for its function. Nucleotide substitutions are seen in the form of 20 transitions and three transversions in the ORF of the GH gene. Both types of transitions (A–G; T–C) and only one type of transversion (A–C) are detected in the GH gene. Codon preference in GH gene shows a strong preference for G and C in the wobble position of the codons. Genetic interrelationships determined between Labeo and other species of fishes using nucleotide sequence of GH cDNA supports the overall teleost classification of Nelson (Fishes of the World. Wiley, New York, 1984) with separate clades for Ostariophysi, Protacanthopterygii, and Acanthopterygii. Besides, the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) analysis clearly distinguishes between the species having five exons and four introns in the GH gene from the species having six exons and five introns in the same gene. The Labeo species analyzed in the present study could be clustered into two groups using the maximum-parsimony method on the intron sequences data of the GH gene.  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT:   In this study, to develop a technique that enables authentication of processed seafood, the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome for the Japanese flying fish Cypselurus hiraii was determined. Three segments spanning the entire genome were amplified using polymerase chain reaction, and products were subsequently used as templates for direct sequencing with 60 primers. The genome (16 528 base pairs) was found to contain the same 37 genes (two ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes) as those found in other vertebrate mitochondrial genomes, with the gene order being identical to that typical of vertebrates. A major non-coding region between the tRNAPro and tRNAPhe genes (868 base pairs) appears to be the control (D-loop) region, as it has several conserved blocks characteristic of control regions.  相似文献   

12.
不同地理群体乌鳢线粒体DNA控制区结构分析及遗传多样性   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
为研究乌鳢群体的遗传多样性和控制区结构,实验采用PCR和DNA测序技术对其线粒体DNA控制区序列进行比较。结果显示,用于分析的线粒体DNA控制区全长序列为905~908 bp。104个序列中共发现了37个多态位点,定义了27种单倍型。同时对控制区结构进行分析,识别了其终止序列区(ETAS)、中央保守区(CD)和保守序列区(CSB)的关键序列。3个地理群体的单倍型多样性(Hd)、核苷酸多样性(Pi)和平均核苷酸差异数(k)分别为0.875、0.003 27和2.939。群体间的平均Kimura双参数遗传距离(Kimura 2-parameter distance,K 2-P)、遗传分化指数(Fst)、基因交流值(Nm)和分子方差分析(AMOVA)均表明,3个乌鳢群体具有较高的遗传分化,白洋淀群体和平原县群体间存在一定的基因交流。  相似文献   

13.
通过二代测序、软件拼接获得中国黄海海域黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)线粒体基因组全序列。其序列全长为16609 bp,碱基组成分别为A(26.68%)、G(17.84%)、C(30.12%)和T(25.36%);共有13条蛋白编码基因, 22个tRNA基因, 2个rRNA基因,除NAD6、trnQ、trnA、trnN、trnC、trnY、trnS、trnE、trnP外,其余基因均在H链上编码。黄条鰤线粒体基因组全序列与蛋白编码基因的A+T含量分别为52.05%和51.085%,具有明显的AT偏好性。线粒体基因中存在2个散在重复序列,分别位于NAD1基因序列正义链的中游和COX2基因序列反义链的上游。在其22个tRNA基因中,除了tRNAGly外,均具有典型的三叶草二级结构。黄条鰤线粒体基因组的蛋白编码基因起止位点与密码子除COX1、NAD5外,均与日本海域出产的黄条鰤(Seriola lalandi)完全吻合,且COX1、NAD5基因皆短于日本黄条鰤;两者间存在一定的遗传差异。基于18种隶属于13属的鲹科鱼类线粒体基因组全序列构建系统发生树,可知小甘鲹(Seriolina nigrofasciata)、黄条鰤、五条鰤(Seriola quinqueradiata)、高体鰤(Seriola dumerili)、长鳍鰤(Seriola rivoliana)同属一近支,且黄条鰤与五条鰤亲缘关系最近,与小甘鲹进化距离较远。  相似文献   

14.
瘤背石磺线粒体基因组全序列分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用LA-PCR技术对瘤背石磺线粒体基因组全序列进行了测定和分析。结果表明,瘤背石磺线粒体基因组序列全长13 957 bp,由22个tRNA、2个rRNA、13个蛋白编码基因和19个长度为2~138 bp的非编码区组成。4个蛋白质编码基因和8个tRNA基因从L链编码,其余基因均从H链编码。蛋白质基因的起始密码子,除ND2为TTG以外,均为典型的起始密码子ATN。COⅢ和Cytb基因使用了不完全终止密码子T,其余基因均使用典型的TAA或TAG。预测了22个tRNA基因的二级结构,发现tRNASer缺少DHU臂,tRNASer和tRNAThr的反密码子环上有9个碱基,而不是通常的7个碱基。最长的非编码区含有类似于tRNA的二级结构。基于线粒体基因组编码的13个蛋白质的氨基酸序列,用NJ、MP、ME和UPGMA法构建系统进化树。分析6种软体动物之间的亲缘关系,结果与传统的系统分类基本一致。研究初步确定瘤背石磺与平疣桑椹石磺的亲缘关系比与凯尔特石磺的亲缘关系近。  相似文献   

15.
Sex‐specific markers provide significant molecular basis for sex control breeding biotechnology to produce all‐male or all‐female fish in commercial breeding. Redtail catfish (Mystus wyckioides), one of the commercial bagrid catfishes distributed in Southeast Asian, which have a long sexual maturation period that can last 3–5 years and males have apparent growth advantage over females, but its sex determination system remains unknown. In this study, we first applied 2b‐RAD‐seq approach to identify three male‐specific 2b‐RAD‐tags and one male heterogametic SNP locus and validated by blast to the genome survey sequences and PCR amplification in both wild and breeding populations. To get longer sex‐specific region, we performed genome walking and obtained a 4,630 bp of Y‐specific sequence and 4,581 bp of X‐specific sequence from the 2b‐RAD‐tag ref189950 with 92.19% nucleotide identity between them. And 9,923 bp/3,935 bp of Y‐specific sequences and 8,491 bp/5,172 bp of X‐specific sequences were also identified with 77.49% and 57.07% nucleotide identity in ref208528 and ref210837, respectively. Subsequently, three different kinds of sex‐specific primers with different length products were designed based on the detected highly sex differentiated regions and could be used to distinguish males and females both in wild and artificially bred populations. What is more, the X‐specific fragment was discovered to produce the dosage effect association in females and in males. The data suggest that male heterogametic XX/XY sex determination system should exist in the redtail catfish. More significantly, the sex‐specific markers are of great value to protect wild resources and improve the efficiency of all‐male breeding practices for aquaculture in the redtail catfish.  相似文献   

16.
ITS2 (Internal transcribed spacer 2)是位于核糖体5.8S和28S基因之间的非编码序列。为了探讨该片段的多样性特征以及进化模式,本研究选取了鲈形目(Perciformes) 5科11种鱼类为研究对象,共获得了444条ITS2克隆序列,其长度范围为332～515 bp。比较种内不同序列的长度发现,金带细鲹(Selaroides leptolepis)在种内存在24 bp的差异,剑鱼(Xiphias gladius)在种内存在32 bp的差异,这2种鱼类的差异较为明显;其余9种鱼类的长度相对比较保守,长度差异小于14 bp。依据11种鱼类的保守位点数、变异位点数、简约信息位点数、单倍型数、保守位点比例、单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性等特征分析发现,种内存在着不同程度差异,特别是金带细鲹的ITS2序列存在着Type A、Type B和Type C 3种类型,各类型间差异较大。根据序列的多样性特征推断,金带细鲹和剑鱼的进化方式为非协同进化;蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)、大甲鲹(Megalaspis cordyla)、吉打副叶鲹(Alepes djedaba)和日本竹筴鱼(Trachurus japonicas)的长度和变异位点均存在着一定程度的差异,但差异并不明显,视为不严格的协同进化;泰拉鰆鲹(Scomberoides tala)、布氏鲳鲹(Trachinotus blochii)、尖吻鲈(Lates calcarifer)、射水鱼(Toxotes chatareus)和军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum) 5种鱼类为协同进化;另外,协同和非协同进化状态与分类系统没有相关性。序列比对发现,大甲鲹种内存在着由协同进化方式演变为非严格的协同进化方式的过度序列;在金带细鲹的3个不同个体中,序列间存在着从协同进化、非严格的协同进化演变为非协同进化的3种进化方式。基于ITS2序列构建的11种鱼类的邻接系统树显示,每种鱼类的克隆都分别按种单独聚为一支,鲹科7属鱼类各属也是单独聚支,表明ITS2不仅可以用在种类的分子鉴定,同时也可以作为分子标记应用于鲹科和属级水平的系统关系研究。  相似文献   

17.
本研究采用高通量测序技术获得了艾氏蛇鳗(Ophichthus evermanni)线粒体基因组全序列, 并对其结构和特征进行了分析。结果表明, 艾氏蛇鳗线粒体基因组全长 17759 bp, 包含了 13 个蛋白编码基因(PCGs)、22 个转运 RNA 基因(tRNA)、2 个核糖体 RNA 基因(rRNA)、2 个控制区(D-loop)和 1 个轻链复制起始区(OL)。线粒体 DNA 全序列的碱基组成分别为 A (31.27%)、G (16.19%)、C (26.22%)和 T (26.32%), 其中 A+T 含量(57.59%)大于 G+C 含量 (42.41%), 呈现出明显的 A+T 偏好性。与大多数硬骨鱼类不同, 艾氏蛇鳗线粒体基因组中发生了基因重排现象, ND6 基因和 tRNA-Glu 移到了 tRNA-Thr 和 tRNA-Pro 之间, 且 ND6 基因上游还存在另一个高度同源的 D-loop 区。 tRNA-Gln (Q)、tRNA-Ala (A)、tRNA-Asn (N)、tRNA-Cys (C)、tRNA-Tyr (Y)、tRNA-SerUCA (S1)、tRNA-Glu (E)、 tRNA-Pro (P)和 ND6 9 个基因位于 L 链, 其余基因均位于 H 链。除 tRNA-Ser (AGC)外, 其余 21 个 tRNA 均为典型的三叶草二级结构。分别采用邻接法和最大似然法, 基于 12 个蛋白编码基因(ND6 除外)构建了蛇鳗科鱼类系统发育关系树。结果显示艾氏蛇鳗与短尾蛇鳗(O. brevicaudatus)和食蟹豆齿蛇鳗(Pisodonophis cancrivorus)的亲缘关系较近, 蛇鳗属是蛇鳗科鱼类中分化较晚的一个类群。研究结果丰富了蛇鳗科鱼类线粒体基因组数据库, 也为该类群鱼类的系统分类研究提供了参考资料。  相似文献   

18.
Extractive components were determined for the mantle muscle and liver of three species of Loliginidae squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Loligo bleekeri, and L. edulis, and one species of Ommastrephidae, Todarodes pacificus, as a control. Total free amino acid levels and the major free amino acids in muscle, taurine, proline, glycine, alanine, and arginine, were significantly higher in Loliginidae squids than in T. pacificus. The main nucleotide was adenosine 5′-monophosphate, which did not differ significantly between species. Malate was the organic acid found in muscle in highest concentrations. The muscle of these species contained a large amount of trimethylamine oxide. A large amount of glycine betaine was also detected in the muscle, but showed no large species difference. From these results, the muscle of Loliginidae species is considered to have a much sweeter taste than that of T. pacificus. Compared with muscle, squid liver was characteristic with high contents of taurine, glutamate, bitter amino acids, succinate, propionate, trimethylamine, and glycine betaine, and with low contents of sweet amino acids, arginine, nucleotides, malate, and trimethylamine oxide. These results suggest that squid liver is characterized by a complicated taste containing umami, bitterness, sourness, fishy flavor, and less sweetness.  相似文献   

19.
To select a reliable and sensitive method for discriminating strains of Porphyra haitanensis, the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 to internal transcribed spacer 2 regions (ITS-5.8S) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the intergenic spacer region of RUBISCO were compared in five wild and five cultivated Porphyra haitanensis strains. Based on molecular analyses, sequences of ITS-5.8S (about 1,210 bp) could be divided into three regions: ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2. The ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of each strain differed, even between individuals collected from the same site. In contrast, 5.8S rDNA and RUBISCO spacer sequences were identical among the ten P. haitanensis strains, although differences were found among different Porphyra species. Phylogenetic analysis also supported these conclusions. These sequence features of highly conserved regions and diversified regions that occurred repeatedly in ITS-5.8S could be useful in discriminating germplasm of P. haitanensis strains or Porphyra species. In contrast, the RUBISCO spacer is only suitable for identifying Porphyra species. New coupled primers were designed to amplify only the 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 region of Porphyra. The sequences of these amplified fragments can be readily used to identify germplasm or to perform phylogenetic analysis of Porphyra spp.  相似文献   

20.
Nucleotide sequences in internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region derived from dried nori products produced in Japan, China, and the Republic of Korea were compared. Thalli contained in the Japanese products were genetically homogenous, and their nucleotide sequences in ITS-1 were identical to those of the reference strains of Pyropia yezoensis f. narawaensis. In Chinese products, the thalli were related to P. yezoensis strain Minomiasakusa. In contrast, the thalli in the Korean products were genetically heterogeneous, and several different P. yezoensis strains and other Pyropia spp. were used for dried nori products. In some thalli produced in both China and Korea, the DNA sequences of the ITS-1 region were identical with that of Japan, suggesting that the cultivar strains might have been transplanted from Japan to China in recent years. The 432-bp-long nucleotide sequences in the ITS-1 region of thalli derived from Japanese origin were cleaved to two restriction fragments at 154 and 278 bp by cleavage of PCR-amplified products using MspI. Conversely, almost all of the corresponding sequences derived from China and Korea were lacking MspI or other restriction patterns, except for nori products from some areas that cultivate a closely related strain to the Japanese cultivar.  相似文献   

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