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为获取2001年低温冻存栉孔扇贝感染牡蛎疱疹病毒(Os HV-1)变异株(ZK2001)基因组序列,并分析ZK2001与其他Os HV-1变异株的序列差异和系统发育关系,利用基于长片段PCR的基因组DNA的扩增和富集技术,获取2001年栉孔扇贝感染Os HV-1变异株的基因组DNA;再使用Illumina Hiseq 2500 PE250高通量测序平台对其测序。最后分析ZK2001与Os HV-1其他变异株基因组的序列差异和系统发育关系。测序数据组装后获得8个Scaffold。基因组变异分析结果显示,ZK2001与参考基因组相比存在328个SNP位点,SNP和序列插入/缺失变异是导致Os HV-1基因组序列变异的主要变异类型。系统发育分析结果显示,ZK2001变异株与分离自我国的Os HV-1变异株亲缘关系最近,与分离自欧洲的Os HV-1μvar及其相关变异株的亲缘关系最远,说明中国和欧洲分布Os HV-1间存在因地理隔离导致的遗传分化。研究表明,基于长片段PCR的DNA富集技术,可以有效地扩增和富集冷冻样本中Os HV-1基因组DNA,并应用于高通量测序。Os HV-1不同变异株基因组序列数据的获取和积累,将为其基因组尺度的基因变异、株系演化和系统发育关系等研究提供重要基础。 相似文献
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牡蛎疱疹病毒对魁蚶的致病性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探明牡蛎疱疹病毒(Os HV-1)对魁蚶的致病性,本研究使用发病魁蚶组织制作病毒悬液进行感染实验。感染实验分为空白组、阴性悬液注射组和病毒悬液注射组,并使用实时定量PCR法对感染后魁蚶体内病毒的时空分布进行检测。实验结果显示,空白组和阴性悬液组魁蚶感染后未检测到病毒粒子,病毒悬液注射组魁蚶经人工感染后,各部位病毒含量均呈先上升再下降随后又上升的趋势,最终达到106拷贝/ng DNA左右。通过电镜观察,在感染魁蚶的鳃、肝胰腺、外套膜中出现染色质边缘化甚至消失,细胞核肿胀、溶解,核仁消失,核膜扩张、不清晰,线粒体肿大,脊崩解,核糖体脱落等一系列细胞病理变化。在其细胞核和细胞质中均能发现大量直径为90~110 nm球形病毒粒子,该病毒粒子具囊膜,囊膜内可见均匀高电子密度的核衣壳,与自然发病魁蚶负染电镜中的病毒粒子形态相同。研究结果表明,Os HV-1可以感染魁蚶并与魁蚶大规模死亡有直接相关关系;魁蚶感染Os HV-1后机体产生应激反应,对Os HV-1有一定抑制作用,但其作用机制还有待进一步实验验证。 相似文献
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一种基于Ⅱ型鲤疱疹病毒衣壳蛋白72的免疫学检测方法 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Ⅱ型鲤疱疹病毒(cyprinid herpesvirus 2,Cy HV-2)是引起养殖异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)造血器官坏死症的致病病原。在临床筛查中基于病毒核酸的PCR和real time PCR技术已经建立,但是稳定性更强的免疫学诊断技术国内外尚无报道。本研究目的是利用Cy HV-2编码的ORF72基因(Gen Bank登录号:AFJ20502.1)所编码的衣壳蛋白作为捕获抗原,通过识别感染病毒的鱼体中的相应抗体,从而对样本进行临床免疫学检测。首先采用PCR方法从纯化的Cy HV-2基因组中扩增ORF72基因,并把该基因克隆至原核表达载体PGEX-4T-3,并转化到大肠杆菌中诱导表达,诱导表达的产物通过SDS-PAGE进行鉴定,对表达的重组蛋白进行纯化。用已纯化的72重组蛋白对小鼠进行免疫,制得72重组蛋白的抗体。Western blot检测表明所制备的多克隆抗体既能识别原核表达的重组蛋白,也可以识别Cy HV-2病毒粒子上的衣壳蛋白72。在上述基础上建立了基于Western blot技术的Cy HV-2抗体检测技术:用纯化的72重组蛋白作为检测抗原,鲫鱼血清用作一抗,兔抗鲫Ig M多克隆抗体作为二抗,酶标羊抗兔作为三抗鉴定鲫鱼是否存在Cy HV-2特异性抗体。在对急性感染期的临床样本检测中,本方法能在所有样本中检测出ORF72特异性抗体存在,表明72重组蛋白作为相应抗体捕获原可以用于确诊鲫鱼是否感染Cy HV-2。本研究建立的实验室免疫学检测方法为商品化免疫学检测技术的开发奠定了基础,对Cy HV-2的检验检疫具有一定的临床应用价值。 相似文献
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为建立实现牡蛎疱疹病毒(OsHV-1)在贝类宿主组织中的精确定位方法,基于原位杂交PCR (ISPCR)技术建立了OsHV-1的间接原位杂交PCR (indirect ISPCR)检测方法,并利用该方法对OsHV-1在魁蚶主要器官的分布情况进行了检测和分析。首先选择适合原位杂交PCR的引物,在载玻片上实现对原位固定靶组织内病毒DNA的稳定、特异扩增,然后与使用相同引物制作的地高辛标记核酸探针进行原位杂交,最后通过免疫酶标技术显示样本内OsHV-1的组织分布。为了达到最佳检测效果,对间接ISPCR的扩增循环数以及组织消化的蛋白酶K浓度进行优化。结果显示,最适PCR扩增循环数为20,蛋白酶K浓度为20μg/mL。利用经优化的间接ISPCR检测方法,对OsHV-1在魁蚶外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺、斧足和闭壳肌5个样本中的组织分布情况和亲嗜性进行检测和分析。病毒阳性信号主要分布于魁蚶外套膜结缔组织中浸润的血细胞和成纤维细胞、肝胰腺和鳃浸润的血细胞、斧足和闭壳肌中坏死肌肉细胞的细胞核中。本研究建立的间接ISPCR检测方法具有灵敏、特异和精确定位的优点,通过组织切片上显示的病毒核酸阳性信号,能判别OsHV-1在不同组织部位的分布特点和受感染的细胞类型;适用于OsHV-1感染的确诊、病毒对不同组织器官的亲嗜性、病毒侵染途径和致病机理等相关研究。 相似文献
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大口黑鲈溃疡综合征病毒MCP基因序列分析及PCR快速检测方法的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了早期快速诊断近年来流行于广东省养殖大口黑鲈(Micropterussalmoides)中的病毒性溃疡综合征,本研究用基因组步移的方法获得了大口黑鲈溃疡综合征病毒(Largemouthbassulcerativesyndromevirus,LBUSV)主要衣壳蛋白(MCP)基因,该基因编码区全长1392bp。通过序列比较分析,在MCP基因内确定了一段241bp的特异性较强的片段作为靶序列,设计并合成引物,经过优化PCR反应条件,建立了可以快速检测大口黑鲈溃疡综合征病毒的PCR方法。实验表明,在PCR进行到30个循环反应时可以检测到的质粒最小浓度是104拷贝数/μL,相当于104个病毒粒子。利用该方法,从天然感染LBUSV的大口黑鲈脾脏组织DNA可扩增出241bp的片段,而健康大口黑鲈和感染了传染性脾肾坏死病毒样病毒的大口黑鲈脾脏组织则没有扩增条带。本研究建立的PCR检测方法具有检测快速、成本低、准确性高的特点,适用于大范围早期病害诊断的推广应用。 相似文献
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鲤疱疹病毒2型和3型主要感染鲫(金)鱼(Carassius auratus)、鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)和锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)及其杂交种,具有高度的传染性和致病性,对养殖鲤科鱼类危害严重。为了建立快捷、高效且能同时检测这2种类型鲤疱疹病毒的检测技术,本研究根据鲤疱疹病毒的DNA聚合酶基因(2、3型)、解旋酶基因(2型)和胸苷激酶基因(3型)的保守序列,设计了3对特异性引物,通过对三重PCR的反应条件进行优化,建立起鲤疱疹病毒2型和3型三重PCR检测方法,并运用该方法对实验室保存的鲫鱼和鲤鱼组织样品进行检测。结果显示,该三重PCR检测方法仅在鲤疱疹病毒阳性样品中扩增出3条特异性条带,表现出良好的特异性;以克隆的目的基因质粒为模板,进行10倍梯度稀释,该检测方法能检出的极限值为2.85×102 copies/μL,表现出较高的灵敏性;运用该方法检测122份鲫鱼和60份鲤鱼样品,其结果与运用国家标准(GB/T 36194-2018)和行业标准(SC/T 7212.1-2011)方法检测的结果一致。本研究表明,构建的三重PCR检测方法不仅具有较高的准确性和灵敏度,还能同时检测2种类型的鲤疱疹病毒,有效提高检测效率。 相似文献
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鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型的理化及生物学特性和超微形态发生 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了查明鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2,Cy HV-2)的理化与生物学特性以及病毒在细胞内的超微形态发生过程,利用新建立的对Cy HV-2敏感的异育银鲫脑组织细胞系(Gi CB),对Cy HV-2的理化及生物学特性进行了详细研究,比较了不同来源鱼类细胞系对Cy HV-2感染的敏感性,并对体外培养细胞中Cy HV-2病毒粒子及其超微形态发生过程进行了电镜观察。结果显示,Cy HV-2对热、酸、碱、有机溶剂和冻融敏感;常用鱼类细胞系EPC、RTG-2、Koi-Fin、CIK、CCK、PF-Fin对Cy HV-2的感染不敏感,特异性巢式PCR检测盲传至第7代Cy HV-2细胞培养物,结果均为阴性;Cy HV-2在Gi CB细胞中的增殖动态研究结果表明:病毒感染细胞经过12 h的隐晦期,24 h开始进入对数生长期,96 h病毒滴度达到最高值(107.52±0.26 TCID50/m L),然后进入平台期;透射电子显微镜观察结果显示,Cy HV-2感染细胞可分为吸附与侵入、复制与装配、成熟与释放3个主要过程,病毒进入对数生长期后,被感染细胞内可见形态典型的疱疹病毒颗粒。 相似文献
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鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型TaqMan real-time PCR 检测方法的建立及应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2,CyHV-2)DNA解旋酶基因编码区序列设计特异性引物,利用PCR技术扩增出长度为1446 bp的基因编码区片段,克隆到pMD19T载体上,构建重组质粒.经PCR鉴定与测序分析确认正确后,以10倍梯度稀释重组质粒,作为标准模板进行TaqMan real-time PCR扩增,制作标准曲线,建立了鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型的荧光定量PCR检测方法.检测结果显示,标准曲线的相关系数(R2)达到0.9991,斜率为-3.412;对初始模板定量检测的范围为1×101～1×107 copies/μL;特异性试验结果表明,该方法可特异性地检测出鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型,而对大鲵虹彩病毒(GSIV)、锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)以及空白对照无检测信号.取江苏射阳和宝应两地疑似患病鲫组织核酸作为模板进行荧光定量PCR,结果表明反应体系中的病毒量分别为6.89×104 copies/μL和3.02×102 copies/μL.本研究建立的鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法灵敏度高、特异性强,对因鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ感染引起的养殖鲫造血器官坏死症的诊断与病毒病原定量检测有重要意义. 相似文献
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为分析患鲫造血器官坏死症异育银鲫Carassius auratus gibelio体内不同器官组织中鲤疱疹病毒(CyHV-2)粒子的形态结构、分布和发生过程,采集患病异育银鲫体肾、脾脏、头肾、肝胰脏、肠道、鳃各组织样本,利用透射电镜观察疱疹病毒和组织细胞超微病理学。在所采集器官组织中均观察到鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型的DNA内核、空衣壳、实心核衣壳、含包膜成熟病毒共4种不同成熟时期的病毒粒子,不同时期的病毒粒子直径分别为65~90nm、90~180nm、90~180nm、170~220nm;体肾和脾脏中含有大量的Cy HV-2病毒,而头肾、肝胰脏、肠道和鳃中病毒粒子较少;CyHV-2病毒主要感染体肾、头肾、脾脏的吞噬细胞,导致机体免疫机能改变;组织细胞病理学观察发现吞噬细胞核边缘化,核内染色质变性,核膜溶解,线粒体嵴断裂,出现空泡,个别细胞溶解坏死。通过PCR检测和电镜观察病毒粒子结构特征,确诊异育银鲫感染Cy HV-2病毒,主要器官组织细胞中均有CyHV-2病毒,且在细胞核中完成复制和组装,在细胞质中获得外膜。感染Cy HV-2病毒的异育银鲫主要器官组织均受到一定的损伤。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献