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一株高产琼胶酶菌株MA-B22的分子鉴定与产酶条件优化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
琼胶酶在多糖降解应用中的作用日益重要,而从海洋微生物中筛选琼胶酶高产菌株成为一个重要途径。本研究从养殖的杂色鲍体内分离到一株高产琼胶酶的菌株MA-B22。该菌为革兰氏阴性菌,经16S rRNA序列鉴定表明,与Tamlana agarivorans sp. nov.具有99%同源性,因此初步定为Tamlana sp.。在2216E培养基中该菌株在培养时间60 h,温度25 ℃,起始pH为6.0条件下产酶活性最高。基于上述培养条件,通过单因素和正交实验确定了培养基的最佳基本组成：氮源为牛肉膏（其最适浓度为6.0 ‰）,碳源为琼脂（其最适浓度为2.5 ‰）,配制培养基的人工海水的最适盐度为25。经培养条件优化后,该菌胞外琼胶酶活力可达1021.79 U/mL,较优化前提高8.82倍。实验首次对Tamlana sp.属的琼胶酶活性进行确定并优化其产酶条件,为构建琼胶酶高产工程菌株提供了基础,并可能为今后鲍养殖提供潜在的益生菌。 相似文献
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尼罗罗非鱼淀粉酶性质的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究了尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)肝脏淀粉酶的基本性质及金属离子对该鱼淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明:罗非鱼淀粉酶活力的最适pH是6.5,最适底物浓度是2%。研究金属离子对该鱼淀粉酶活力影响,一价金属离子K+、Li+、Na+对酶活力影响较小;二价金属离子Cu2+对酶活力具有抑制作用,Zn2+对酶活力无明显影响;三价金属离子Al3+对酶活力具有抑制作用,但效果不是很强烈,Fe3+对酶活力具有明显的激活作用;碱土金属Mg2+、Ca2+对淀粉酶活性有激活作用,而Ba2+对酶具有抑制作用;重金属离子Cd2+、Pb2+有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
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低pH水平对鱼类生理生化效应的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文研究了低pH水平对鱼类血液电解质,血糖浓度和鳃组织酶活力影响。实验结果表明：低pH水平对鲤鱼血液K^ 的含量明显高于正常水平,Na^ 含量明显低于正常值,低pH为4．5－5．0时,鲤鱼血糖明显升高,体重下降,抑制生长,pH值为6．0时,21天起Na^ -K^ -ATPase酶活力明显下降,并有显著抑制作用（P＜0．05）,历经30天有极显著抑制作用（P＜0．01）;pH值6．0加铝时,21天有极显著抑制（P＜0．01）,抑制作用达到75％,pH5.5-5.0加铝时14天有极显著抑制（P＜0．01）,抑制作用达到100％,pH4.5-4.0加铝时7天同样有极显著抑制（P＜0．01）,抑制作用达到100％。 相似文献
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由采集的草鱼体表细菌中，分离筛选到1株抗嗜水气单胞菌较强的菌株S190。通过对该菌株个体和群体形态特征观察、生理生化特征测定及16SrDNA序列分析，初步确定为Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus S190。杯碟法拮抗试验表明，S190对嗜水气单胞菌有较强的抑制作用；最适作用条件为25℃、pH8．0。该菌株对葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌也表现出一定程度的抑制作用。生物学特性研究表明：S190生长最适碳源为1％的糊精，氮源为0．01％的酵母粉，磷源为0．01mol／L的K2HPO4；培养温度25℃，pH10，NaCl浓度5％（m／V），接种量3％（V／V），装液量以250ml三角瓶装250ml生长最好。 相似文献
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从山东省莱州海区自然发病的花鲈（Lateolobrax japanicus）体内分离到1株致病性鳗弧菌，经硫酸铵盐析、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow和Sephadex-G100凝胶层析等方法从其培养液中分离纯化了1种胞外蛋白酶。用SDS-PAGE电泳测得蛋白质的分子量为36.7kD，最适温度为50℃，对热不稳定，70℃15min完全失去活力；最适pH为7.0；1mmol/L的PMSF对酶活性无影响，部分金属离子如Cu^2 、Fe^2 、Fe^3 、Zn^2 对酶活力有抑制作用，而Ca^2 对酶有一定程度的激活作用，1mmol/L EDTA能完全抑制酶的活性，表明该酶是1种金属蛋白酶。 相似文献
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以添加0、0．2％、0．4％、0．8％和1．6％半乳低聚糖（GOS）的饲料投喂军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）8周,研究GOS对军曹鱼生长、部分血清免疫和生化因子的影响。当饲料中GOS的添加水平低于0．4％时能促进军曹鱼生长,但影响不显著（P〉0．05）。在饲料中添加适当水平的GOS对军曹鱼血清溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性有显著的促进作用,而对过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性有显著的抑制作用。GOS对军曹鱼血清生化因子如总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、总胆红素和直接胆红素的浓度有显著影响,对间接胆红素的影响不显著;只有GOS为0．2％的试验组血清总胆固醇浓度显著高于对照组,而0．4％的试验组血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）浓度显著低于对照组;当添加量低于0．8％时,碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性随饲料中GOS含量增加而降低。结果表明,在饲料中添加适当水平的GOS有利于军曹鱼的生长,并且能够改善军曹鱼的免疫功能和健康状况,其最佳添加量为0．2％～0．4％。 相似文献
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采取正交试验的方法，研究植酸酶和纤维素酶对配合饲料的酶解效果以及酶解的最适条件。结果表明：饲料经植酸酶酶解后，无机磷含量增加了6．1％～47．2％，平均增加了25．9％；植酸酶酶解的最适条件为：55℃，pH4．6，作用时间为80分钟。饲料经纤维素酶作用后，葡萄糖含量增加了36．7％-80．7％，平均增加了54．8％；在50℃，pH5．0，作用时间为80分钟时，纤维素酶的酶解效果最好。 相似文献
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研究了不同脂肪水平饲料对褐菖鲉（Sebastiscusmarmoratus）生长、肠道消化酶及肝脏中主要脂代谢酶活力的影响,试验选用平均体质量为（27．56±0．19）g的褐菖鼬幼鱼225尾,随机分成5个组,分别投喂脂肪水平为6．1％、9．5％、12．4％、15．1％和18．5％的饲料,试验周期为60d。结果表明,1）褐菖铀的特定生长率和肥满度呈先升后降的趋势,在脂肪水平12．4％时达到最大（P〈0．05）,饵料系数则相反,呈先降后升的趋势,肝体指数随脂肪水平的升高而增大（P〈0．05）,成活率在各组问没有显著差异;2）鱼体肠道脂肪酶活力呈上升趋势（P〈0．05）,胃蛋白酶与淀粉酶活力在各组之间没有显著差异;3）褐菖鲉的脂肪酸合成酶活力呈先升后降的趋势（P〈0．05）,脂蛋白酶活力和肝酯酶活力也呈上升趋势,但各组间差异不显著。根据特定生长率与饲料脂肪水平的回归曲线计算得出,褐菖鲉幼鱼最适脂肪需求量为12．72％。 相似文献
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经过CM-纤维素批量层析、Separdex G-100柱层析、DEAE_纤维素柱层析等步骤,从凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织分离得到精氨酸激酶,经SDS-PAGE检测达到电泳纯,分子量约为40kDa.对该酶的性质进行分析结果表明,精氨酸激酶的最适作用温度为55℃,当温度高于65℃时,酶活力显著下降;pH 8时酶活力较高,低浓度的精氨酸对酶活力有促进作用,高浓度时表现抑制作用,而底物类似物精胺和氨基胍则对酶促反应表现出完全的抑制.NaCl,KCl对酶的活力具有促进作用,低浓度(10 mmol·L-1)MgCl2对酶活力表现出激活作用,而CuCl2与MnCl2则表现出完全抑制酶活力,CaCl2与ZnCl2在低浓度时对酶活力无明显影响,但是随着浓度升高,对酶具有抑制作用. 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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