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1.
麦棉两熟种植模式是豫北地区棉田的主要间套模式 ,对解决麦棉争地矛盾起到了重大作用。随着农业生产条件的改善和高效农业发展 ,棉田间套模式多元化、多样化发展已成为实现棉田高产高效的有效途径。1间套模式及效益1 .1 西瓜—棉花间套模式1 .67m一带 ,种 4行小麦 ,1行西瓜 ,2行棉花。于 1 0月上中旬靠南侧播种 4行小麦 ,占地 60 cm,行距 2 0 cm,播量为常规满幅播量的 2 /3,预留空档1 0 7cm,翌年 3月底于空档内靠北侧种 1行西瓜 ,株距 43cm,每公顷密度 1 .35万株 ,采用朝阳洞地膜覆盖。4月上中旬在西瓜两侧各种 1行棉花 ,瓜棉间距 33cm,麦… 相似文献
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为提高植棉经济效益 ,邢台市进行了棉田立体高效种植多种模式的探讨 ,引进创造了 5类型 1 0余种的棉田间套方式 ,推广面积 1 .6万公顷 ,成效显著 ,稳定和促进了全市的棉花生产。1 模式与效益据调查 ,本市棉田立体高效种植大体分为 5种类型 :即棉油型、棉粮型、棉薯型、棉瓜型、棉菜型。此外 ,还有少量的棉牧间作。棉田立体高效种植模式 ,一般棉花不少收 ,有的还增收 1 0 %以上。棉田间套不同作物效益有差距 ,皮棉产量 885～ 1 0 50 kg·hm-2 ,效益 1 .2 3万～ 2 .48万元· hm-2 ,比平播棉田增收 30 %～ 70 %,高的可达一倍以上 (表 1 )。表 … 相似文献
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棉花西瓜间作是实现棉田高效的一种有效途径。随着农业种植结构调整,越来越为广大棉农所欢迎。因其经济效益显著(较单作棉田每公顷增加1 35 0 0～1 80 0 0元) ,本市年种植面积在40 0 0 hm2 左右,并逐年扩大。棉瓜间作最大限度地利用了光、水、肥及地力资源,提高了土地利用率和棉田效益,但是,如管理不当,极易出现棉花减产、品质降低、效益下降等问题。因此,有针对性地解决以下问题,对棉瓜间作实现优质高产高效至关重要。1存在的问题1 .1棉—瓜争光、争水、争肥的矛盾突出。3月下旬4月上旬定植西瓜并在小拱棚内种植棉花,到6月中旬西瓜收获,棉… 相似文献
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2006年对江苏大丰市主要棉田立体种植类型进行了调查,以筛选适合高效立体种植的作物、间套方式、组合、栽培技术等,为全市棉田高效立体种植的发展提供依据。1六种种植模式与综合经济效益1.1大麦/西瓜+棉花。大桥镇川南村253hm2,占该村棉花种植面积的85%。4m畦面,1.3m组合,前茬3行麦中间少种1行麦。西瓜3月下旬育苗,4月底—5月10日移栽,采用地膜+小弓棚,西瓜移栽在空幅中间,6月底前上市,小暑前大量上市,每公顷产西瓜3万kg,产值2.25万元;大麦4500kg,产值4500元;棉花产值1.65万元。三茬产值公顷4.35万元,净效益3.3万元。1.2雪里蕻/草莓+棉花。… 相似文献
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潜江市周矶农场在产业结构调整中,推广"麦豆棉"种植模式,面积大、措施硬、技术精、效果好,取得了棉花增产20%,棉田公顷平均增收1500元,户均增收千余元的效果,成为潜江市推广"麦豆棉"模式的典范.2000年,周矶农场植棉300hm2,其中推广麦豆棉模式133.3hm2,占44.4%.据对20户的调查.麦豆棉平均公顷产小麦2700kg,产值2700元;产皮棉1350kg,产值1.32万元;产大豆1350元.产值2430元,合计公顷平均年产值1.83万元,比麦棉增收2430元,增产15.3%.公顷平均纯收入1.18万元,比麦棉增收2130元.20户年平均纯收入增加1310元. 相似文献
6.
麦-棉-瓜-菜多熟高效种植模式及栽培技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解决植棉面积萎缩问题,在实践中摸索出了一套麦、瓜、棉、菜间作套种多熟制栽培模式。推广示范表明,以优质棉淮杂3号与小麦、西瓜套作为主的棉田高效多熟种植综合效益非常可观,比传统的麦棉、油棉、瓜棉栽培模式增效显著。1常年经济效益以小麦、棉花、西瓜、秋冬菜为主的间套种植模式,一般小麦每公顷6000kg,收入8400元;冬菜每公顷1.5万kg,收入7500元;棉花每公顷子棉3000kg,收入1.5万元;西瓜每公顷产量4.5万kg,收入3.15万元;毛豆或豆角每公顷生产1.125万kg,收入1.5万元;总计每公顷收益7.5万元以上。由于经济效益高,农民种棉积极性高涨,棉… 相似文献
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近年来 ,随着农业种植结构调整 ,潜江市棉花种植方式由麦套棉为主迅速向油棉连作转变 ,面积逐年扩大。 1 999年油后移栽棉面积仅 1 466.7hm2 ,占棉田面积 8.8% ,2 0 0 0年油后移栽棉面积发展到7333.3hm2 ,占棉田面积 41 .7% ,其中市属种植面积 580 0 hm2 ,占棉田面积 63%。从 2 0 0 0年起油棉连作将成为潜江市棉花的主要种植方式。因此 ,研究油后移栽棉的生育特点及高产栽培技术 ,对夺取油棉双高产至关重要。1油后移栽棉增产机理1 .1棉花具有自我调节和自我补尝能力强特性棉花喜温好光 ,具有无限生长的习性 ,全生育期长 ,生长发育的可塑性强… 相似文献
8.
山药营养丰富,价值高。为提高棉田综合效益,增加棉农收入,充分利用山药在棉田不增肥,不引虫,抗病虫害等特性。合理利用棉田空间和棉花采收期的空间、时间。1999年我场分别在棉花良繁基地拦江8、9村,保石1村,水井1、9村示范棉地套种山药54.6公顷。据1999年9月10日测产,皮棉产量达1614kg·hm-2。与未套种的棉田产量一致,山药产量为5737.5kg·hm-2,以每公斤2元计,每公顷棉田增收11475元。其主要栽培经验如下:1 棉花栽培模式在上年10月下～11上旬点播时,麦套棉留足预留行0.7～0.8m和苗床地53.4m。3月15日采用双膜保温育苗,4月20～30日地膜移栽… 相似文献
9.
近几年来在种植业结构调整中,棉花已成为舞钢市农村经济的支柱产业。全市常年植棉面积1000hm2,单产皮棉1305kg·hm-2,棉田平均产值3万元·hm-2左右。棉花种植模式主要有麦棉套种和瓜棉套种,种植方法大多实行营养钵育苗移栽或地膜覆盖,不同的种植方式都能为杂草的生长创造条件,形成小气候,有利于杂草的生长,如管理不及时,中后期会形成草荒。2001—2005年通过对全市棉田杂草进行调查,杂草种类有10科20种。禾本科杂草占17.8%,阔叶杂草占76.4%,其它杂草占5.8%;一年生杂草占82.3%,多年生杂草占17.7%,以马唐、狗尾草、牛筋草、藜、苋、香附子、蟋… 相似文献
10.
棉瓜间作高效配套技术①李齐练河南省夏邑县棉花办公室４７６４００罗云佳中国农科院棉花所４５５１１２棉花西瓜间作套种能充分利用光热、土地资源，大幅度提高单位土地面积上的经济效益。一般可比麦棉套种的每公顷增收１．５万元左右。近年来随着农业种植结构的调整和棉... 相似文献
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概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
14.
Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
15.
Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。 相似文献
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In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
19.
种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献