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【目的】探究牛体内雌性和雄性囊胚在mRNA水平上的特异性差异,挖掘雌性和雄性囊胚发育差异相关候选基因。【方法】参考GenBank中牛牙釉质基因（AMEL）序列（AMELX基因,登录号：NM_001014984.1;AMELY基因,登录号：NM_174240.2）设计引物,以胚胎内细胞DNA为模板,采用巢式PCR扩增技术鉴定单个牛体内囊胚的性别。选用确定性别的单个雌性和雄性囊胚为试验材料,采用Smart-Seq2扩增技术构建单个胚胎测序文库,应用Illumina HiSeq Xten高通量测序平台对单个胚胎进行单细胞转录组测序（scRNA-Seq）,并进行了基因差异表达、GO功能和KEGG通路分析。【结果】通过巢式PCR扩增胚胎内细胞中的AMEL基因,确定了胚胎性别;基因表达分析筛选出两组之间差异表达基因（DEGs）6 160个,其中雌性特异性基因675个,雄性特异性基因305个;GO功能注释发现雌性特异性基因显著注释在核苷酸结合、信号转导调控、多细胞生物发育、细胞骨架等条目,雄性特异性基因显著注释在氧化磷酸化、线粒体、线粒体内膜、核糖体等条目;KEGG通路富集分析发现7条与雌性和雄性囊胚发育差异相关的通路,分别为代谢途径、糖酵解、磷酸戊糖途径、细胞衰老、氧化磷酸化、调节干细胞多能性的信号通路和Wnt信号通路;并利用GO和KEGG结果筛选出5个在牛体内囊胚期胚胎发育过程中具有直接或间接作用的基因：FBP1、GADD45G、FHL2、FOSB和WNT2B。【结论】牛体内雌性和雄性囊胚之间存在广泛的转录差异,性别特异性基因FBP1、GADD45G、FHL2、FOSB和WNT2B可能是直接或间接影响胚胎发育的关键基因。 相似文献
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牛病毒性腹泻病毒侵染细胞机制的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)是反刍动物和猪体内广泛存在的危害动物健康的重要病原体.BVDV感染牛后主要引起牛的持续性感染、免疫耐受、免疫抑制、繁殖障碍及急慢性黏膜病等临床症状,给养牛业造成重大的损失.其致病机理非常复杂,给该病的治疗和根除带来极大的困难.随着分子病毒学研究的发展以及对猪瘟病毒和黄病毒科其他成员的研究,人们在BVDV分子水平和细胞水平的研究方面也取得了一些进展.就此,作者从BVDV入侵细胞、在细胞内的复制以及与宿主蛋白分子相互作用等方面进行综述,有助于阐明BVDV致病和在体内持续存活的机制,为该病的防治和疫苗研发提供新的思路和对策. 相似文献
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Bradley J Johnson Ki Yong Chung 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2007,23(2):321-32, viii
Commonly used growth promotants such as steroidal implants and beta-adrenergic agonists have recently been implicated in the reduction of marbling scores in beef cattle. These compounds are effective at improving lean tissue deposition in cattle, thus significantly improving feed efficiency. This article discusses skeletal muscle growth and development in cattle, the process of transdifferentiation between two cell types, and how growth promotants may push a nondifferentiated cell to become a certain lineage of cells. Increased understanding of how these agents affect cellular aspects of growth and development of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue will allow cattle feeders, consultants, and researchers to instigate intervention strategies to ameliorate the reduced marbling scores. Successful strategies would allow maximal lean tissue growth and result in carcasses with optimal quality. 相似文献
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P H Klesius 《Veterinary parasitology》1988,27(1-2):159-167
Control of ostertagiasis is a major economic problem in the temperate areas of the world. An immunological control scheme for cattle is an important aspect of integrated control and its achievement is dependent on our understanding of how immunity is acquired. Also, host mechanisms regulated by Ostertagia need to be understood in order to address immunological questions. Little is known about acquired immunity to Ostertagia infection in cattle. The degree of immunity is incomplete and its development slow. Evidence is accumulating for impairment of antibody and cellular immune responses by Ostertagia which is responsible for the survival of the parasite in the young host. Other experimental work suggests that local factors, such as eosinophil accumulation, mucosal mast cell kinetics and other cellular and humoral immune responses, may play a role in pathogenesis and immunity. At the present time these areas are also totally unexplored in the study of Ostertagia infection. 相似文献
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Whole genome detection of signature of positive selection in African cattle reveals selection for thermotolerance 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mengistie Taye Wonseok Lee Kelsey Caetano‐Anolles Tadelle Dessie Olivier Hanotte Okeyo Ally Mwai Stephen Kemp Seoae Cho Sung Jong Oh Hak‐Kyo Lee Heebal Kim 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):1889-1901
As African indigenous cattle evolved in a hot tropical climate, they have developed an inherent thermotolerance; survival mechanisms include a light‐colored and shiny coat, increased sweating, and cellular and molecular mechanisms to cope with high environmental temperature. Here, we report the positive selection signature of genes in African cattle breeds which contribute for their heat tolerance mechanisms. We compared the genomes of five indigenous African cattle breeds with the genomes of four commercial cattle breeds using cross‐population composite likelihood ratio (XP‐CLR) and cross‐population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP‐EHH) statistical methods. We identified 296 (XP‐EHH) and 327 (XP‐CLR) positively selected genes. Gene ontology analysis resulted in 41 biological process terms and six Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Several genes and pathways were found to be involved in oxidative stress response, osmotic stress response, heat shock response, hair and skin properties, sweat gland development and sweating, feed intake and metabolism, and reproduction functions. The genes and pathways identified directly or indirectly contribute to the superior heat tolerance mechanisms in African cattle populations. The result will improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms of heat tolerance in African cattle breeds and opens an avenue for further study. 相似文献
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Wyckoff JH 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,90(1-4):395-415
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猪的胚胎发育需要经历受精、卵裂、孵化、形态转变、附植、器官分化等一系列重要的生理阶段。虽然在胚胎发育过程中基因的严格表达与正确指导是胚胎能否正常发育的决定性条件,但研究表明DNA甲基化修饰对胚胎的发育也起着必不可少的作用。DNA甲基化是一种常见且重要的表观遗传修饰,虽然不改变DNA的一级序列,但也包含可遗传信息,并在基因的转录调控中起重要作用。在猪的胚胎发育中,DNA甲基化呈现出高度动态的过程,这一过程受孕期母体营养和发育环境条件影响。本文将从胚胎早期发育、体细胞核移植和孕期母体营养三个方面来阐述DNA甲基化对胚胎发育的影响,为进一步研究猪胚胎在发育过程中的DNA甲基化机制和提高体细胞核移植的成功率提供参考。 相似文献
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West African N'Dama cattle have developed a genetic capacity to survive, reproduce and remain productive under trypanosomosis risk. The cellular and molecular bases of this so-called trypanotolerance are not known, but the trait is manifested by the N'Dama's greater capacity to control parasitaemia and anaemia development during an infection. In order to examine the role of the haematopoietic system in trypanotolerance, we have exploited the tendency for the placentas of bovine twin embryos to fuse. Placental fusion in cattle results in bone marrow chimaerism in twins. By comparison with the N'Dama, cattle of the East African Boran breed are relatively susceptible. We evaluated the role of the haemopoietic system in trypanotolerance by comparing the performance of five Chimaeric Boran/N'Dama twin calves with that of singletons of the two breeds. Chimaeric Boran/N'Dama pairs of twins were produced in recipient Boran cows by embryo transfer, and the majority of haemopoietic cells in all twinned individuals were of Boran origin. Thus, N'Dama chimaeras differed from N'Dama singletons in that the bulk of their haemopoietic system was derived from their susceptible Boran twins, while Boran chimaeras differed little from Boran control animals. All cattle became parasitaemic and developed anaemia. The N'Dama chimaeras did not manage their anaemia and white blood cell counts effectively. However, they were able to limit parasitaemia development. These results suggest that trypanotolerance is the result of two mechanisms, one that improves parasite control and is independent of the genetic origin of the haemopoietic tissue, and another that is influenced by haemopoietic tissue genotype and which improves control over anaemia. The capacity to maintain growth during infection was similarly dependent on the genetic origin of the haemopoietic tissue. 相似文献
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Snail家族基因编码具有锌指结构的转录因子,通过结合下游基因参与了多个生理水平的调控,在上皮-间质转化、胚胎发育、免疫调节、癌细胞迁移等方面具有广泛的生物学功能。Snail家族基因参与了脂肪的生成和脂代谢过程,同时也是肌生成决定因子(MyoD)的下游靶基因,也可能参与了肌肉发育调控。因此,Snail家族基因在脂肪生成、肌肉发育及脂代谢等方面发挥了重要作用,是影响哺乳动物特别是农业动物产肉性能和肉品质的一类重要候选功能基因。作者介绍了Snail家族基因及其蛋白结构和基本生物学功能,简述了Snail家族参与Wnt/β-catenin、Notch 等信号通路的调控作用方式,总结了Snail家族基因在哺乳动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育中的作用和调控方式。然而,目前关于Snail家族基因在协同参与哺乳动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育中扮演的角色仍待深入研究。另一方面,一般认为发挥转录抑制作用的Snail家族近年来也被发现具有转录激活作用,这种作用是如何实现的仍未知。因此,Snail家族基因在调控动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育过程中的协同作用、脂肪生成和脂肪水解过程的动态调控及其转录激活作用的发挥是今后研究的方向,为解析Snail家族基因在肉质性状形成过程中的遗传调控机理奠定基础。 相似文献
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文章旨在分析新疆褐牛乳房炎抗性相关基因的分子生物学功能，为分子标记辅助育种工作在新疆褐牛乳房炎抗性性状中的研究奠定理论基础。试验采用DAVID 6.8软件对课题组前期研究及相关文献报道的乳房炎抗性相关基因（共20个基因）进行功能GO富集及KEGG信号通路分析。采用String 10.0数据库进行蛋白相互作用网络分析，结合生物信息学分析和相关文献的研究结果，挑选出JAK2和STAT5A基因，通过使用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测JAK2、STAT5A基因在不同乳房健康程度的新疆褐牛血液中的相对表达量。GO富集分析得到，20个基因主要涉及细胞膜、免疫应答和调节防御反应等生物过程；KEGG富集分析发现，这些基因主要参与JAK-STAT信号通路、趋化因子信号通路、ErbB信号通路等；PPI分析发现，20个基因中有8个基因之间存在直接或间接联系；实时荧光定量试验发现，JAK2、STAT5A基因在健康新疆褐牛血液的表达量极显著或显著高于患乳房炎新疆褐牛（P<0.01；P<0.05）。通过生物信息分析和实时荧光定量试验，进一步从分子水平探讨了不同乳房健康程度的新疆褐牛与JAK2、STAT5A基因表达之间的内在联系。 相似文献
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核转录因子NF-κB与动物机体的炎症反应、免疫应答、细胞分化和凋亡等密切相关,而Toll样受体（TLR）通过对侵入机体的病原微生物的抗原识别和信号转导,在NF-κB介导的炎症和免疫应答反应中发挥着重要作用。本研究在新疆褐牛和荷斯坦牛隐性乳房炎调查和TLR4外显子3 +2021 位点（E3+2021）SNP基因型与隐性乳房炎相关性研究的基础上,分析和比较了E3+2021 SNP位点3种不同基因型奶牛个体NF-κB信号通路上9个基因(NFκB1、NFκB2、RelA、c-Rel、RelB、IKKα、IKKβ、IKKγ和IκBα基因)转录水平的差异。结果显示,在BB基因型中,NFκB1和IKKα基因的mRNA转录水平在新疆褐牛与荷斯坦牛品种间差异显著（P＜0.05）,RelA、RelB、IKKβ、IKKγ和IκBα基因mRNA转录水平在品种间差异极显著（P<0.01）。在AB基因型中,IκBα基因mRNA转录水平在品种间差异显著（P＜0.05）。在对新疆褐牛的研究中发现,RelB、IKKγ和IκBα基因mRNA转录水平在AB和BB两种基因型间差异显著（P＜0.05）;而在荷斯坦牛检测的9个基因的mRNA转录水平在AB和BB两种基因型间差异均不显著。因此,Toll样受体信号转导通路下游NFκB1、RelA、IKKβ、IKKγ和IκBα基因的mRNA转录水平在品种间的变化,可能与新疆褐牛乳汁中体细胞数（SCS）显著低于荷斯坦牛相关。在新疆褐牛中,RelB、IKKγ和IκBα基因mRNA转录水平的变化可能是AA基因型SCS显著高于AB基因型的原因之一。 相似文献
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In order to find out signaling pathways that related to the differences in temperature adaptability between buffaloes and Yellow cattle, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the skin tissues of 3 adult buffaloes and 3 adult Yellow cattle. The results showed that 59 369 167 and 69 837 009 reads were obtained from buffaloes and Yellow cattle skin, respectively. The percentages of the uniquely mapped reads in buffaloes and Yellow cattle were 70.76% and 75.55%, respectively. There were 1 611 differentially expressed genes in buffaloes and Yellow cattle skin, 801 of which were up-regulated in buffaloes skin and 810 were down-regulated in buffaloes skin. GO analysis showed that there were 316, 263 and 278 differentially expressed genes classified to the cellular components, molecular functions and biological processes, respectively. KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in 33 signaling pathways, some of which such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, cholinergic synapse, serotonergic synapse, GABAergic synapse and calcium signaling pathway might related to the differences in temperature adaptability between buffaloes and Yellow cattle. In summary, the synapse and oxidative phosphorylation might be related to the differences in temperature adaptability between buffalo and Yellow cattle. This study would lay a foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanism of temperature adaptation differences between buffaloes and Yellow cattle and molecular breeding. 相似文献
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Farm animals remain at risk of endemic, exotic and newly emerging viruses. Vaccination is often promoted as the best possible solution, and yet for many pathogens, either there are no appropriate vaccines or those that are available are far from ideal. A complementary approach to disease control may be to identify genes and chromosomal regions that underlie genetic variation in disease resistance and response to vaccination. However, identification of the causal polymorphisms is not straightforward as it generally requires large numbers of animals with linked phenotypes and genotypes. Investigation of genes underlying complex traits such as resistance or response to viral pathogens requires several genetic approaches including candidate genes deduced from knowledge about the cellular pathways leading to protection or pathology, or unbiased whole genome scans using markers spread across the genome. Evidence for host genetic variation exists for a number of viral diseases in cattle including bovine respiratory disease and anecdotally, foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). We immunised and vaccinated a cattle cross herd with a 40-mer peptide derived from FMDV and a vaccine against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Genetic variation has been quantified. A candidate gene approach has grouped high and low antibody and T cell responders by common motifs in the peptide binding pockets of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) DRB3 gene. This suggests that vaccines with a minimal number of epitopes that are recognised by most cattle could be designed. Whole genome scans using microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers has revealed many novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) and SNP markers controlling both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, some of which are in genes of known immunological relevance including the toll-like receptors (TLRs). The sequencing, assembly and annotation of livestock genomes and is continuing apace. In addition, provision of high-density SNP chips should make it possible to link phenotypes with genotypes in field populations without the need for structured populations or pedigree information. This will hopefully enable fine mapping of QTL and ultimate identification of the causal gene(s). The research could lead to selection of animals that are more resistant to disease and new ways to improve vaccine efficacy. 相似文献
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为了找到与水牛和黄牛温度适应性差异相关的信号通路,本研究对3头成年水牛和3头成年黄牛的皮肤组织进行了转录组测序和生物信息学分析。结果显示,测序后水牛和黄牛皮肤组织分别得到59 369 167和69 837 009条reads,与参考基因组的唯一比对率分别为70.76%和75.55%。水牛和黄牛皮肤组织共有1 611个差异表达基因,其中801个在水牛皮肤中上调,810个在水牛皮肤中下调。GO分析结果显示,注释到细胞组分、分子功能、生物学过程的差异表达基因分别为316、263和278个。KEGG分析结果显示,差异表达基因共富集在33条信号通路上,其中神经活性配体-受体相互作用、氧化磷酸化、胆碱能突触、5-羟色胺能神经突触、GABA能突触、钙信号通路等信号通路可能与水牛和黄牛在温度适应性上的差异相关。综上所述,突触与氧化磷酸化可能与水牛和黄牛之间的温度适应性差异有关,本研究为进一步了解水牛和黄牛对温度适应性差异的分子机制和分子育种奠定基础。 相似文献