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稳产性是一些作物育种程序的目标。实际上,植物育种者关心的是在不良环境条件下产量的表现。耐瘠薄和干旱问题与稳产有关。不同高粱杂交种对干旱和高温的反应存在着变异。在某种不良环境条件经常发生的地区,具有较强的耐不良环境的基因型更为稳产。因 相似文献
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夏秋高温热害对中稻结实率的影响及应对措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
系统研究了娄底市夏秋高温热害的“时空分布特征及对中稻结实率的影响与成因,提出了选用耐热性品种;掌握适宜的播种期;坚持全程健身栽培,确保植株生长健壮,提高水稻对不良环境的抵抗能力;及时施用植物生长调节剂及其它物质,减轻危害;建立健全中稻灾害性天气的监测、预警服务系统的对策措施。 相似文献
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结合对福建省乌龙茶区的实地调研和现有相关研究成果,综合分析雨天、干旱、霜冻、高温等不良天气对乌龙茶品质的影响及其原因,并对2011年5月梅雨天气给安溪县春茶造成的经济损失进行评估,提出＂加快技术创新、建立茶业保险体系、改变消费市场导向、启动自然灾害救助机制＂等补偿措施以弥补不良天气对茶业造成的巨大经济损失。 相似文献
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温度处理不同种质花生种子对萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选用大粒花生种子能增强对高温，低温等不良条件的抵抗能力，种子发芽率，平均生长势和活力指数较高，长成的幼苗地下部发达，单株叶面积大，叶片硝酸还原酶活性强，叶绿素含量高。与３０℃的正常温度相比，低温或高温处理已吸胀的种子对种子萌发和幼苗生长均有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
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高温和干旱对水稻的影响及其机制的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
高温和干旱是影响水稻生长、发育、产量和品质的两个最重要的环境因子,全面理解高温和干旱胁迫对评价气候变化对水稻生产的影响至关重要。概述了高温、干旱及其复合胁迫对水稻生长发育、产量形成和稻米品质的影响;从光合作用、抗氧化系统、内源激素、蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性、分子机制等方面阐述其生理机制;提出减轻水稻高温干旱胁迫的调控措施;对未来深入开展水稻高温干旱逆境的研究提出建议。 相似文献
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高温贮存环境对杂交水稻种子发芽率的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究不同水稻品种和不同含水量的同一品种在30和40℃高温、高湿贮藏条件下的发芽率变化,结果表明:高温、高湿环境对水稻种子的发芽率影响较大,种子的含水量越高、贮存温度越高,其发芽率下降速率越快。 相似文献
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23个茄子品种抗热性鉴定及其抗热机理的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对引进的23个茄子品种在福建地区利州夏季高温栽培对其抗热性进行鉴定评价.结果表明:参试品种在高温条件下其产量表现较大差异,所有品种均表现较严重的果实表面木栓化,其中海南枕头茄、南京紫长茄、紫苏山奇茄和益农长身红茄表现较好,在高温环境下可获得较高的产量且果实木栓化程度较低;同时也发现,高温条件下不同花柱类型花的比例与其产... 相似文献
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概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。 相似文献
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In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献