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1.
玉米是锦州地区主栽作物，每年种植面积13．3万hm^2左右，2005年种植面积为18万hm^2，玉米螟是危害玉米等作物的常发性主要害虫，一般年份玉米被害率达10％～30％，严重的可达50％以上。因此玉米螟一直是锦州地区的重点防治对象。玉米螟在锦州地区一年发生两代，一代于7月初开始为害，田间玉米叶片出现排孔，玉米抽雄后幼虫蛀食雄穗并转移至茎部，被害植株茎秆组织遭受破坏，影响养分输送及授粉结实，致使玉米穗部发育不全。被害植株茎秆极易风折，对产量损失更大， 相似文献
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辽西半干旱区玉米螟重发的原因及综防措施 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
玉米螟为害作物很多,在农作物中主要为害玉米、高粱、谷子,其中以玉米受害最重,以幼虫蛀茎为害为主。玉米抽雄前,高粱、谷子出穗前主要为害心叶,以后随着作物生长发育,为害玉米的雄花序,雌穗花丝或直接为害雌穗,同时钻蛀玉米、高粱、谷子的茎秆,影响养分和水分的输送,造成穗部发育不全,籽粒灌浆不足或植株茎秆折断而减产,一般减产10％左右,可是由于各种原因,近几年玉米螟有重发现象,据多点调查,2007年玉米螟发生率为50．8％,2008年玉米螟发生率为65．2％,从调查看玉米螟已成为辽西半干旱玉米种植区的重要害虫,因此,必须重视对此虫的防治,并采取综合防治技术,积极促进粮食稳产、增产。 相似文献
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吉林省是玉米生产大省,为明确吉林省玉米穗期害虫种类、分布及发生情况,2013～2016年对吉林省9个地市,42个县(市/区),累计409个地点的玉米穗期害虫进行系统调查,为玉米穗期害虫的监测预警和制定合理防治策略提供科学依据。调查发现,吉林省玉米穗期有27种有害生物,隶属于3个纲,7个目,18个科。亚洲玉米螟、双斑长跗萤叶甲、叶螨和蚜虫的有虫田率均在80%以上,百株虫量和危害级别较高,是吉林省玉米的主要害虫。美洲黍潜叶蝇、古毒蛾、大青叶蝉、梨剑纹夜蛾、赤角盲蝽、白星花金龟等有虫田率在20%以下,且百株虫量<1头,尚未玉米生产造成威胁。此外,迁飞性害虫黏虫也是玉米穗期重要害虫,棉铃虫是潜在的玉米穗期重要害虫。 相似文献
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玉米螟是吉林省玉米生产的最重要害虫，是影响全省粮食总产的主要因素之一，搞好预测和防治非常必要。根据玉米螟研究工作现状，分析论述了全省玉米螟的发生预测及防治技术，提出了存在的问题和研究意见。 相似文献
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采用网格式取样200株玉米,整株剖秆调查亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和棉铃虫在玉米上的数量,用地统计学的方法分析和模拟它们在田间的水平分布;采用生态位理论分析3种害虫在玉米植株上的生态位和种间竞争。结果表明,亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和3种鳞翅目害虫整体在玉米田中的水平分布分别适合球形、高斯、球形模型拟合,均属于聚集分布。Kriging插值模拟图显示,亚洲玉米螟和桃蛀螟为核心分布型;在垂直分布上,雌穗上3种害虫数量最多,占总虫量的69.82%。亚洲玉米螟的基础生态位宽度最大,在整株玉米上都可危害;桃蛀螟则主要在玉米中、上部;棉铃虫基础生态位最窄,只在雌穗附近危害。3种害虫在玉米茎秆上种间竞争激烈,异种害虫无法共存;雌穗上种间竞争程度小于茎秆,异种害虫可以共存。 相似文献
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玉米螟是玉米生产中的重要害虫 ,对玉米生产构成严重威胁 ,已成为影响玉米高产稳产的重要因素。据统计 ,玉米螟轻发生年 ,可造成玉米减产 8%以上 ,中等发生年减产 1 0 %～ 1 5 % ,重发生年减产 30 %以上。由于玉米螟难防难治 ,寻求更有效的防治方法一直是人们不断探讨的问题。化学药剂防治玉米螟劳动强度大 ,费工费时 ,农民不愿接受 ,也不按技术规程操作 ,造成防治效果不好。利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治玉米螟省工省力 ,操作简便 ,成本低防效好 ,有利于保持生态平衡 ,在玉米螟防治工作中有广泛的应用前景。1 松毛虫赤眼蜂防治玉米螟优点多1 1 … 相似文献
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诱虫灯防治玉米螟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文论述了诱虫灯防治玉米螟的理论基础和技术方法，研究了防治效果、特点，对其他害虫的诱杀作用及对天敌的影响等。结果表明：①诱虫灯对螟蛾有强烈的诱杀作用，在越冬虫源集中地村屯内诱杀螟蛾，可使田间玉米螟蛾主要栖息地的蛾量减少66.4%，玉米上落卵量减少71.l%；秋季被害程度在一代区减少78%，二代区减少51.2%，平均减少73.5%。②除诱杀玉米螟外，对许多农林等害虫有强烈诱杀作用，尤其是线站、草地螟及大豆食心虫等。③应用诱虫打防治玉米螟经济、简便、不污染环境。④对自然界害虫天敌的种群数量没有影响。⑤在目前的发生程度预测水平上，应用诱虫灯防治玉米螟是非常适宜的。 相似文献
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玉米螟的发生危害及综合防治对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
玉米螟俗名玉米钻心虫,是全球性大害虫,食性杂,为害植物达200种以上,尤以玉米为最重。一般为害较轻年份,产量损失5％～10％,为害较重年份产量损失可达10％～20％,玉米螟不仅为害严重,而且防治困难。近年来,随着气候条件的变化、耕作制度的改变、玉米种植密度的加大、肥水条件的提高,玉米螟的危害日益加重。因此,我们对玉米螟的发生与防治进行了积极研究,探索出一套行之有效的玉米螟综合防治措施,将玉米螟的危害和玉米产量受到的损失降到最低程度。 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
14.
概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
15.
种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
17.
In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
18.
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
19.
ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献