共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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喹乙醇(Olaquindoxl)属于喹啉氧化物类物质,是一种化学合成抗菌促生长剂。从20世纪70年代开始,欧洲经济共同体、澳大利亚、巴西、日本、韩国等陆续批准将喹乙醇作为一种饲料添加剂使用。我国于20世纪80年代初开始将喹乙醇应用于畜牧业生产,《中华人民共和国兽药典》(1990版、2000版)、《饲料添加剂大全》(1994年)均有收载,主要将其作为畜禽饲料的预混剂应用。喹乙醇大剂量使用的毒性已被证实,关于过量使用引起的病理变化在鸡、猪、鱼甚至仔鹿等动物均有报道,而有关喹乙醇对小鼠的病理学影响却鲜有报道。试验按照毒理学要求给药,观察了喹… 相似文献
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喹乙醇在鲤鱼养殖中安全性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
喹乙醇用作饲料添加剂具有明显的促生长和提高饲料转化率的效果。同时其用量低,价格便宜,这几年来在饲料工业中得到了广泛的使用。喹乙酵也用于淡水养殖的鱼虾饲料中,成为鱼虾饲料的一种主要促生长剂之一。笔者在工作中,常常碰到喹乙醇中毒事件或由于使用了喹乙醇带来的副作用,使畜牧和渔业受到巨大损失。为了研究喹乙醇在鲤鱼生产中的毒副作用情况,我于１９９９年４月中旬至８月中旬进行了喹乙醇饲喂鲤鱼的试验。材料与方法１－试验动物 选用鲤鱼,购自北京市永乐店韩大勇良种场,鱼平均体重１７５ｇ。２－试验用药物添加剂,喹乙醇… 相似文献
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喹乙醇主要有两种用途,一是作为饲料添加剂,在种鸡及肉仔鸡上应用,主要是利用喹乙醇作为化学促生长剂对蛋白质的同化作用,提高饲料转化率,增加肌肉含量及 相似文献
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饲料添加剂是配合饲料提高质量的关键，对提高质量、降低成本、降低饲料系数起着重要作用。十多年来，对中国对虾的多维添加剂、矿物质添加剂及促生长剂等进行了研究，取得了一定的成绩，并在生产中获得应用。八十年代人们从若干促生长剂中筛选出喹乙醇和三十烷醇，除研究得出其适宜需要量外，还从研究中得知，在促进对虾体长增长率方面，三十烷醇优于喹乙醇，而在增重率方面，喹乙醇优于三十烷醇。为了开发新的促生长剂，对广州白云山兽药厂新开发的9种对虾促生长剂进行了饲喂对比及适宜添加量试验。对比试验结果表明，2号、l号和4号三种促… 相似文献
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井海珍 《兽药与饲料添加剂》2001,6(3):40-40
在现代化养鸡业中，常使用药物饲料添加剂以起到治疗、预防疾病和促生长作用。但进入体内的药物超过一定剂量或使用方法不当，就能损害机体的健康，产生毒害作用，甚至造成死亡；值得注意的是这还会导致对原发病的判断。预防鸡药物中毒及中毒病的预防在现代化养鸡业中有着重要的实际意义。 （1）鸡喹乙醇中毒。喹乙醇作为鸡的促生长剂，广泛应用于养鸡业中，常见的问题是剂量过大、用药时间过长、混料不匀，曾经发生过饲料中添加喹乙醇0．1％，治疗时每kg体重用药50mg，死亡率分别达67％和49％。特征：采食量明显下降，粪便前稀，后呈咖啡色… 相似文献
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1喹乙醇是广谱抗菌药和畜禽促生长剂。使用时须严格掌握用量,每千克饲料中喹乙醇的含量不能超过25~35毫克,且不能与抗生素、杆菌肽锌同时使用。应注意区别喹乙醇中毒与法氏囊病。用5%硫酸钠饮水,连用数天,并适当使用5%葡萄糖、0.1%碳酸氢钠、0.03%维生素C等饮水。 相似文献
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抗菌药促生长剂替代品的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
最近，欧盟禁用了大量的抗菌药促生长剂。抗生素促生长剂自从被用作饲料添加剂以来，就一直为消费者协会和部分研究工作者所反对。20世纪60年代，日本学者Watanable就悲叹抗生素添加剂的使用将危害人类健康，因为它们不仅会导致病菌的抗力转移，还会产生多重抗性。1972年欧洲禁止使用四环素和青霉素作 抗菌药促生长剂。 面对着药用添加剂的管理条例，家禽业必须探寻抗生素添加剂的替代品。对于消费者而言，理想的添加剂是“天然”产品，但“天然”的概念又如何定义呢?即使抗生素，它也是天然产品，因为大多数抗生素是自然发酵产物。目前，… 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献