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1.
种公牛每次釆精的数量和质量,直接关系优秀种公牛的使用效益。而公牛日粮的组成对公牛冻精有较大影响。随着饲料供应的日愈改善,我们尝试在公牛的日粮配方中增加麦麸的用量,显著增加了公牛每次采精数量,降低了饲养成本,提高了效益。 (一)材料和方法公牛:以昆明市种公牛站1990年饲养的3头乳用种公牛(48、55、57号公牛)为试喂对象,其冻精质量在试验前后均达到每粒冻精含精子数7500万个,解冻时活率在0.35以上。时间:1990年4—5月为对照期,7—8月为  相似文献   

2.
[目地]通过对种公牛强制运动观察精液理化指标的变化以及冻后指标的影响。[方法]选择无疾病正常采精种公牛4头,记录分析强制运动后20 d,40 d,60 d,80 d精液冷冻前后理化指标变化。[结果]种公牛强制运动后原精液密度增加2.98亿,精液活力提高0.17%,精液量增加0.6 mL,冻后废弃率降低21%,冻后活力提高0.08%,差异极显著(P0.05)。[结论]种公牛强制运动再结合刷拭等保健措施能有效改善精液品质,增加生产数量,提供更多优秀遗传物质。  相似文献   

3.
发情母牛粘液对采精公牛交配能力及精液品质影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
李刚  张壮志  张晋 《中国牛业科学》2010,36(4):34-35,40
[目的]研究发情母牛粘液对采精种公牛交配能力以及精液品质的影响。[方法]从采精种公牛中随机抽出10头,进行2次采精试验,第一次按照正常方法采精,第二次在台牛尾根附近涂抹粘液,记录交配能力,将2次采精所采得的精液进行检测。[结果]第二次采精交配能力明显高于第一次。精液量、精液密度、活率、有效精子数、冻后活率、生产冻精数分别为：5.76 mL、19.23亿/mL、0.72、13.4、0.385、400.5,通过T检验P〈0.01,差异显著。[结论]在台牛后躯涂抹发情母牛粘液刺激公牛使交配能力和精液品质显著提高。  相似文献   

4.
选择8头18月龄以上弗×西种公牛,用优化冻精生产工艺生产冷冻精液,与优化前3年86头次本站饲养的肉用种公牛冻精生产情况进行比较,并分别用其冷冻精液对母牛进行人工授精,观察其繁殖情况。结果显示:优化冻精生产工艺后弗×西种公牛平均初采月龄比优化试验前肉用种公牛提前,但2者间差异不显著(P0.05);鲜精活力、冻精活力及复苏率3项指标弗×西种公牛比优化试验前肉用种公牛有所提高,但2者间差异均不显著(P0.05);鲜精密度优化试验前肉用种公牛比弗×西种公牛有所提高,2者间差异不显著(P0.05)。次均采精量:优化冻精生产工艺后弗×西种公牛为4.85 mL,试验前为4.46 mL,弗×西种公牛提高8.74%,2者间差异显著(P0.05);头年均冻精生产量:优化冻精生产工艺后弗×西种公牛为15 736剂,试验前为14 272剂,弗×西种公牛年均冻精生产量提高10.26%,2者间差异显著(P0.05);优化冻精生产工艺使弗×西种公牛采精量和冻精生产量显著提高,冻精活力比试验前提高3.5%,其平均活力超过国家合格标准26.6%。2组种公牛冻精进行人工授精输配试验,受胎率均较高,分别为81.82%和77.68%,但2组差异不显著(P0.05);产犊率分别为71.72%和70.11%,2组差异不显著(P0.05)。2组种公牛冻精在纳雍县进行人工授精输配试验,受胎率较高,分别为82.81%和76.92%,2组差异不显著(P0.05);产犊率分别为73.59%和71%,2组差异不显著(P0.05)。  相似文献   

5.
[目的]研究注射口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛精液品质的影响。[方法]随机选择6头种公牛,并采其精液进行检测,用比较方法研究。[结果]注射双价灭活疫苗前精液量6.8ml,鲜精活率70%,精液密度17.3亿/mL,冻后活率39.7%冻精数414.8剂,精子畸形率14.2%。注射双价疫苗之后精液量4.3 mL,鲜精活率6.5%,精液密度12.7亿/mL,冻后活率34.8%冻精数162.3剂,精子畸形率18%。[结论]注射疫苗后,种公牛的精液品质也随之下降,精液量、精子密度和原精活率注射后较注射前极显著降低,认为注射口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛的精液品质产生较大影响。  相似文献   

6.
不同品种种公牛繁殖性能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
[目的]在相同的饲养环境条件下,分析不同品种种公牛之间繁殖性能及适应性的差异。[方法]通过对云南省家畜冷冻精液站四个品种的种公牛相关精液品质测量数据及终生冻精产量数据进行对比分析。[结果]经过对16头种公牛繁殖性能及适应性分析,荷斯坦种公牛原精活力及冻后活力都较其它种公牛表现出较明显的优势;荷斯坦种公牛在有效采精率及冻精产量上也明显高于其它品种公牛。  相似文献   

7.
为了比较青绿饲料(鲜象草)、苜蓿干草和玉米秸秆青贮料对奶水牛种公牛精液品质的影响效果,以期找出一种能显著提高奶水牛种公牛精液品质的、比较理想的粗料搭配方法,笔者设计了3个不同的试验。所有试验中的对照组基础日粮一致,均为配合精料+3个鸡蛋+混合干草。试验一中试验组B在对照组A的基础上添加了多汁青绿饲料——鲜象草;试验二中试验组C在对照组的基础上添加苜蓿干草;试验三设计有2个试验组:试验组Ⅰ在对照组的基础上添加5kg玉米秸秆青贮料;试验组Ⅱ添加10kg玉米秸秆青贮料。结果表明:添加青绿多汁饲料——鲜象草或苜蓿干草可显著提高奶水牛种公牛的精液品质;添加玉米秸秆青贮饲料降低了奶水牛种公牛的精液品质,且饲喂量越大,精液品质越差。  相似文献   

8.
[目的]为了掌握口蹄疫疫苗的过敏反应情况.[方法]在给36头种公牛注射口蹄疫疫苗的同时,注射Vc注射液.观察了注射后种公牛体表反应特征,进行了注射前后一个月内冻精质量对比,运用SAS软件进行统计分析.[结果]显示:种公牛无过敏反应.[结论]此项研究对于种公牛注射口蹄疫疫苗具有实际操作参考价值.  相似文献   

9.
本试验选择16头荷斯坦种公牛随机分为2组，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加胡萝卜，试验期为75d，观察对荷斯坦种公牛原精产量、精子密度、精子活力和制冻精数量的影响。结果表明：在荷斯坦种公牛日粮中添加胡萝卜后，试验组牛的原精产量、鲜精精子活力和制冻精数量都极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；精子密度与对照组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。本试验结果验证了在荷斯坦种公牛日粮中添加胡萝卜可显著提高精液产量、精子活力和制冻精数量，提高精液品质。  相似文献   

10.
不同季节和气候条件对种公牛精液品质的影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
[目的]研究不同季节气候条件对种公牛精液品质的影响。[方法]从采精种公牛中随机抽出5头,选取气温最高（7月份）最低（1月份）和适中温度（4,9月份）进行试验,分别对不同时期所采得的精液进行检测。[结果]在最高温度月份7月份（25℃）时5头种公牛的平均精液量为5.88mL,原精活率67.2%,精液密度16.64亿/mL,冻后活率33.8%,生产冻精数143.4剂,精子畸形率23%。1月份环境温度平均在-11.2℃时,5头种公牛的精液量平均为5.7mL,原精活率66.8%,精液密度13.3亿/mL,冻后活率37.4%,生产冻精数为275.8剂,精子畸形率17.8%。在4,9月份环境温度12℃时精液量为6.6mL,原精活率73.2%,精液密度16.92亿/mL,冻后活率41.8%,生产冻精数404.4剂,精子畸形率12.6%。精液量之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,原精活率之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,精子畸形率之间差异显著（P〈0.05）。冻后活率和冻精生产数差异不显著。[结论]环境温度过高或者过低都会影响精液品质,种公牛在适宜的温度下生产的精液品质也会更加优良,种公牛在温度较高的条件下生产精液品质比在低温条件下还要差,种公牛最适宜的生产温度为12℃～16℃。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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