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1.
为研究甘蔗套种马铃薯的最佳播种密度,提高土地复合产值,实现种植效益最大化。通过连续2 a开展新植蔗和宿根蔗套种马铃薯多种密度栽培试验,研究不同种植条件下甘蔗和马铃薯的产量、品质及经济效益。结果表明,新植蔗田中马铃薯的最佳套种密度为4.5万粒/hm2,宿根蔗田中马铃薯的最佳套种密度为3.9万粒/hm2。其中,新植蔗田马铃薯产量达35 275 kg/hm2,甘蔗产量增19.9%,糖锤度提高1.2个百分点,土地复合产值增99.7%,新增纯收入126.3%;宿根蔗田马铃薯产量达24 115 kg/hm2,甘蔗产量增19.2%,糖锤度提高1.3个百分点,土地复合产值增89.9%,新增纯收入110.5%。 相似文献
2.
宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯宽窄行栽培技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为提高宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯经济效益,通过采用宽窄行种植、多种密度处理的方法,研究宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯中马铃薯密度与甘蔗产量和品质、马铃薯产量和商品率、土地复合产值和新增纯收入之间的关系。结果表明：在播幅为2.0 m的宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯宽窄行栽培中,当马铃薯密度达3.0万粒/hm2时,土地复合产值最高、经济效益最好,其中,马铃薯产量达28 600 kg/hm2,商品率达72.3％;甘蔗产量达168 000 kg/hm2,比纯种增16.2％;甘蔗糖锤度达19.9％,比纯种提高0.3个百分点;复合产值达135 985元/hm2,比甘蔗纯种增119.7％;新增纯收入122 905 元/hm2,比甘蔗纯种增151.8％。 相似文献
3.
不同覆膜栽培模式与播期互作对寒旱区马铃薯商品性和产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国马铃薯》2016,(3):149-153
以马铃薯品种‘陇薯3号’为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,设计了3种覆膜栽培模式(春季覆膜栽培、播前覆膜栽培、露地栽培)与3个播种时期(4月20日、4月30日、5月10日),共9个处理组合,研究了不同覆膜栽培模式与不同播期互作效应对寒旱区马铃薯商品性和产量的影响。结果表明,采用春季覆膜栽培模式,在4月30日和5月10日播种,可使马铃薯早出苗、早成熟,缩短马铃薯生育期,商品薯率达86%以上,产量位居前2位,分别达2 008和1 899 kg/667m2,且与其他处理差异显著,在寒旱区马铃薯种植区有一定的推广前景。 相似文献
4.
《大麦与谷类科学》2015,(4)
以扬农啤10号为材料,设计了氮肥用量和密度2个单因素试验,同时根据生产实践设计播期与密度的双因素协同试验,分析密度、氮肥用量及播期与密度协同等处理对扬农啤10号茎蘖动态和产量结构的影响。结果表明,扬农啤10号随着施氮水平的增加,其穗数、千粒重和产量均有所提高,在基本苗15万/667 m~2、纯氮用量18.0 kg/667 m~2下,产量最高为486.44 kg/667 m~2。在施N量为14 kg/667 m~2、基肥∶蘖肥∶拔节穗肥为7∶1∶2条件下,11月2日播种,以基本苗16万/667 m~2的产量最高;在随播期推迟适当增加基本苗的情况下,10月20日—11月14日期间播种,以10月25日播种、基本苗15万/667 m~2的产量最高,为444.23 kg/667 m~2;低密度早播或高密度迟播均不易获得高产。 相似文献
5.
为探索马铃薯生产中使用肥料增效剂替代部分化肥施用量,且不降低马铃薯产量和品质,采用随机区组试验设计,以马铃薯品种‘垦薯1号’为材料,以减少10%化肥、添加相同量增效剂的不同施肥量为处理,生产上常规施化肥40 kg/667m~2为对照,研究使用肥料增效剂替代10%化肥施用量对马铃薯株高、茎粗、主茎数、单株结薯数、大中薯率、产量、淀粉和干物质含量及淀粉粘度和糊化温度的影响。结果表明,45 kg/667m~2掺混肥与5 kg/667m~2增效剂和36 kg/667m~2掺混肥与4 kg/667m~2增效剂在株高、主茎数、产量、糊化温度、峰值粘度和经济性状方面均高于掺混肥40 kg/667m~2,且存在显著差异。其中45 kg/667m~2掺混肥与5 kg/667m~2肥料增效剂混施后较施用掺混肥40 kg/667m~2提高马铃薯产量467 kg/667m~2,经济效益增加428元/667m~2。可见,45 kg/667m~2掺混肥与5 kg/667m~2增效剂能够取得较好的产量和经济效益。 相似文献
6.
全膜覆盖双垄集雨沟播种植马铃薯的效益分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在降雨量400 mm左右的原州区开城镇寇庄村,对晋薯7号进行了不同覆膜方式的研究,测定了0～20 cm土层地温和0～100 cm土壤含水量,以探索全膜覆盖双垄沟播栽培技术对土壤温度和含水量的影响。结果表明:在马铃薯生长的每一个时期,不同土壤深度的地温和有效积温总体表现为:秋季全膜双垄沟播栽培>顶凌全膜双垄沟播栽培>播期全膜双垄沟播栽培>秋季半膜栽培>顶凌半膜栽培>播期半膜栽培;不同处理土壤含水量是秋季覆膜栽培>顶凌覆膜栽培>播期覆膜栽培,全膜覆盖栽培>半膜覆盖栽培。播期半膜栽培马铃薯667 m2产量为1 436.9 kg,而秋季全膜覆盖双垄沟播栽培667 m2产量达到1 762.7 kg,增产效果非常显著。 相似文献
7.
通过实地调研,总结分析了广西甘蔗套种春西瓜的优势及效益,并归纳总结出甘蔗套种春西瓜栽培管理技术。甘蔗套种春西瓜模式,春西瓜平均每667m2产量达1606kg,按收购价1.6元/kg计,西瓜产值每667m2达2569.6元;甘蔗平均每667m2产量达5.92 t,按收购价450元/t计,甘蔗产值达2664.0元,甘蔗套种春西瓜二项总产值每667m2达5233.6元。扣除西瓜的种子、化肥、农药、地膜、人工等投资1075元,每667m2比单种甘蔗模式产值2448.0元(5.44 t/667m2),增收1710.6元,取得了较好的经济效益。蔗地套种春西瓜,充分利用生物多样性提高综合效益,降低成本,增加收入,实现蔗农增产增收,建议因地制宜大面积推广应用。 相似文献
8.
《中国马铃薯》2016,(3):144-148
微垄覆膜侧播是一项旱作马铃薯集雨栽培技术,为了确定该栽培模式在内蒙古阴山地区的适宜种植密度,充分挖掘其集雨增产潜力,以马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)‘克新1号’为材料,通过设置不同种植密度,比较了微垄覆膜侧播种植模式下不同群体对马铃薯叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累和产量构成因子的影响。结果表明,在52 500株/hm2的群体条件下,从块茎形成期到淀粉积累期群体LAI最大,植株干物质积累与块茎产量最高,水分利用效率达114 kg/mm·hm2。进一步根据密度与产量的回归方程推算,在内蒙古阴山丘陵区,微垄覆膜侧播种植模式下马铃薯最适群体密度为55 476株/hm2。 相似文献
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10.
不同颜色地膜覆盖对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《中国马铃薯》2015,(6)
为了研究不同颜色地膜覆盖对套种区马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响,确定商洛乃至整个秦巴山区不同马铃薯种植区域最佳地膜种类,以普通白色地膜,黑白地膜,全黑地膜和‘紫花白’马铃薯为试验材料,对不同颜色地膜覆盖条件下马铃薯各生育期膜下地温变化、农艺性状表现、以及最终产量差异进行研究。结果表明,无论是在低热区还是在中温区,马铃薯现蕾期以前,普通白膜覆盖的各生育期提前、膜下10 cm地温较高,特别是在播种较早的低热区这些差异更为明显,但在马铃薯生长后期,随着外界温度的升高,这些差异逐渐缩小;在最终产量表现上(以晚播点为例),普通白膜覆盖的产量2 286 kg/667m~2,黑白地膜覆盖的产量1 911 kg/667m~2,全黑地膜覆盖的产量仅有1 419 kg/667m~2,且3种产量间差异达到了极显著水平。因此,在马铃薯大田生产中,还应以普通白膜覆盖为主,在一些播种迟、温度较高、杂草较多的区域,可适当推广黑白地膜和全黑地膜。 相似文献
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12.
概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
13.
Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
15.
Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。 相似文献
18.
In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
19.
种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献