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1.
研究为分离获得荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃内容物中的细菌,建立系统进化树,获取有益菌种。采用培养组学技术和16S rDNA分子鉴定方法相结合,对3头健康荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃内容物中细菌进行分离培养。共分离得到105株细菌,包括肠球菌属(Enterococcus)共15株14.29%,芽孢杆菌属(bacillus)共11株10.48%,不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)共14株13.33%,葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)共22株20.95%,梭菌属(Clostridium)共1株0.95%,狭义梭菌属(Clostridium sensu stricto)共2株1.90%,短杆菌科(Brevibacteriaceae)共2株1.90%,链球菌属(Streptococcus)共11株10.48%,气球菌属(Aerococcus)共4株3.81%,柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)共14株13.33%,杆菌属(Brachybacterium)共1株0.95%,克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)共1株0.95%,普罗维登斯菌属(Providencia)共3株2.86%,沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)共4株3.81%。结果中所占比例最高的菌属是葡萄球菌属;系统进化树分析和GenBank中的同源性比对结果发现,从细菌门、纲、目、科、属、种分析,分支明确;26个菌种同源性都在95.01%~100%之间。分离纯化出11株芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌具有潜在益生菌活性。可作为饲料添加剂饲喂荷斯坦奶牛。 相似文献
2.
为了探究进口紫花苜蓿种带细菌的多样性及其对动植物的致病性，本研究从北美和欧洲共收集到紫花苜蓿种子样品34份，所有样品经室内研磨稀释分离培养，共获得39株种带细菌分离物，结合常规表型特征及16S rDNA鉴定方法确定它们的分类地位；并在室内采用菌悬液皿内发芽及盆栽接种法和腹腔注射法分别测定了21株代表细菌对供试紫花苜蓿和昆明小鼠的致病性。结果显示：1)39株细菌隶属3门15属，门分别为厚壁菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门，其中优势门为厚壁菌门；属地位的分别为芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、马赛菌属、短芽孢杆菌属、欧文氏菌属、泛菌属、不动杆菌属、肠杆菌属、埃希氏肠杆菌属、假芽孢杆菌属、假节杆菌属、红球菌属、葡萄球菌属、土壤芽孢杆菌属和微杆菌属，其中优势属为芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属。2）红球菌属GCKH菌株仅对紫花苜蓿致病；不动杆菌属ZSR17、埃希氏肠杆菌属ZSR25和马赛菌属R1菌株仅对小鼠具有致病性；而欧文氏菌属ZF1和ZS3、泛菌属CQ10和ZS6菌株既可以引起紫花苜蓿致病，又可以引起小白鼠发病，是潜在的植物和动物跨界侵染共致病病原细菌。研究结果初步探明了欧美进口紫花苜蓿种带细菌的分类地位及其危害性，... 相似文献
3.
从江苏省南通市大生源牧场、盐城市泰来神牧场及连云港市三元双宝牧场采集分析了12个月的奶牛乳样,通过分析3个牧场奶牛乳腺炎发病率的季节变化发现,冬季发病率普遍低于夏秋季。以2017年7月份南通市大生源牧场321头奶牛的乳样为例,采用奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)随机筛选出20头患有临床型乳腺炎的奶牛乳样,经过细菌分离纯化培养后采用PCR技术鉴定致病菌种类。结果显示:这20份乳样中共分离鉴定出枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、苏云金杆菌、微杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、格氏乳球菌、分支杆菌、大肠杆菌、气单胞菌、枸橼酸杆菌、不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌共13种细菌,其中以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枸橼酸杆菌、不动杆菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染为主;此外,奶牛大都感染了3种及以上致病菌,说明奶牛乳腺炎以多种致病菌混合感染为主。选用6种抗生素药物组合对混合乳样致病菌进行药敏试验,结果显示氨苄西林钠、青霉素钾、硫酸链霉素共同处理组体外抑菌效果最好,为苏中地区大生源牧场奶牛乳腺炎防治提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
4.
《中国兽医学报》2016,(4)
为给黄土高原舍饲养殖场科学防治奶牛子宫内膜炎提供理论依据,对该地区2市4县13个规模奶牛场和5个自然村,共77头患子宫内膜炎的奶牛子宫分泌物进行细菌分离鉴定,并对致病性不明的主要分离菌进行了大鼠子宫致病性试验。结果分离鉴定出12个菌属、23个菌种、108株细菌,主要细菌为芽孢杆菌(30.56%)、大肠埃希菌(14.81%)、肠球菌(12.96%)、葡萄球菌(9.26%)、乏养球菌(9.26%)、链球菌(6.48%)等;对主要分离菌的致病性研究发现除缺陷乏养球菌外,凝结芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌(O20)、屎肠球菌等均可引起子宫内膜炎。表明引起该地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的致病菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、化脓链球菌、不动杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌(O20)、屎肠球菌,可为有效治疗本地区奶牛子宫内膜炎提供可靠的理论基础。 相似文献
5.
《当代畜牧》2021,(6)
为了研究腹泻对圈养林麝肠道微生物多样性的影响,笔者采用Illumina Nova高通量测序技术对18只腹泻林麝与54只健康林麝肠道微生物16S r RNA进行测序,结果获得操作分类单元(OTUs)2940个。腹泻组与正常组微生物群落结构以及多样性指数均差异极显著(P0.01)。其中属水平上腹泻组金黄杆菌属、德沃斯氏菌属、根瘤菌科未确定属和甲烷短杆菌极显著增加(P0.01);弯曲杆菌、螺旋体科未确定属、Candidatus_Soleaferrea、Tyzzerella、副拟杆菌、罗斯氏菌属、拟杆菌属、库特氏菌属、颤杆菌克菌属、螺杆菌、多尔氏菌属、梭菌科未确定属和不动杆菌属极显著降低(P0.01)。以上结果表明,腹泻时圈养林麝肠道微生物多样性发生剧烈变化,有害菌大量增殖、有益菌大量缩减。 相似文献
6.
苦马豆(Sphaerophysa salsula)是西北荒漠区重要的豆科植物。本研究采用16SrDNA PCR-RFLP和16SrDNA全序列分析方法,对西北部分地区苦马豆根瘤中内生细菌的遗传多样性及系统发育进行分析。结果显示,115株供试菌株产生了28种遗传图谱类型,对每种图谱类型的代表性菌株进行了16SrDNA全序列分析,其中的根瘤菌分别归属于中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium);其余的内生菌分别归属于副球菌属(Paracoccus)、鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、固氮螺菌属(Inquilinus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、短短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus)、Lysinibacillus、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),这表明苦马豆根瘤中内生细菌具有丰富的多样性。 相似文献
7.
为了明确乳酸菌添加剂对低水分青贮过程中微生物组成及发酵品质的变化影响,探讨微生物与挥发性脂肪酸间存在的相互关系,采用气相色谱法与高通量测序技术对青贮过程中(3、5、7、10、15、30、60 d)挥发性脂肪酸生成量及微生物组成进行测定,并分析两者之间的互作关系。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加植物乳杆菌(5×10~6 cfu·g~(-1) FM)后可以显著降低低水分粳稻青贮的丙酸、正丁酸、异丁酸、正戊酸和异戊酸的生成量(P0.05),提高乙酸生成量(P0.05),并降低青贮中微生物多样性(P0.05),提高厚壁菌门的丰度,抑制变形菌门的丰度,提高乳杆菌属的丰度,降低其他菌属特别是肠杆菌属所占丰度。低水分粳稻青贮过程中,优势菌门分别为变形菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和蓝菌门,优势菌属分别为肠杆菌属、乳杆菌属、克雷伯氏杆菌属、沙雷氏菌属、乳球菌属、泛菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、拉乌尔菌属、肠球菌属、沙门氏菌属和梭菌属。乳杆菌属与乙酸、戊酸分别呈正、负相关(P0.05),同时与肠杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、日沟维肠杆菌属、乳球菌属、魏斯氏菌属等呈负相关(P0.05)。乳球菌属、厌氧杆菌属、肠球菌属和梭菌属均呈现出与丙酸、正丁酸、异丁酸正相关,戊酸与气球菌属、芽孢杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、梭菌属、肠杆菌属等15属微生物均表现出正相关(P0.05)。肠杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、勒克氏菌属、日沟维肠杆菌属等5属微生物与乙酸含量负相关(P0.05),魏斯氏菌属表现出与丙酸、异丁酸正相关(P0.05)。添加植物乳杆菌可以提高低水分粳稻青贮的发酵品质,抑制多种挥发性脂肪酸的生成,同时降低青贮过程中细菌组成的多样性。 相似文献
8.
四川攀西地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌调查与敏感药物筛选试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国草食动物科学》2016,(4)
为了解四川攀西地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌和主要病原菌的耐药性情况,采用常规方法对3个奶牛场92个牛奶样品中的病原菌进行了分离鉴定,结果分离到17种菌,共计86株,分离到的病原菌数量最多的依次是大肠杆菌23株、绿脓杆菌17株、葡萄球菌15株、链球菌7株、沙雷菌属4株、弗劳氏枸橼酸杆菌3株、沙门氏菌3株、阴沟肠杆菌复合菌3株、粪肠球菌2株、猪丹毒丝菌2株以及坐皮肤球菌、产酸克雷伯氏菌、屎肠球菌、睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、施氏假单胞杆菌、奇异变形杆菌各1株。采样量为12头、16头、18头奶牛的3个场,分别分离出14种、13种、16种乳房炎病原菌。同时,采用常规药敏试验方法对分离病原菌株数量最多的8种主要病原菌即大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌、沙雷菌、弗劳氏枸橼酸杆菌、沙门氏菌、阴沟肠杆菌复合菌进行了常用抗生素敏感试验,结果表明他们均存在不同程度的耐药性。 相似文献
9.
为了明确乳酸菌添加剂对低水分青贮过程中微生物组成及发酵品质的变化影响,探讨微生物与挥发性脂肪酸间存在的相互关系,采用气相色谱法与高通量测序技术对青贮过程中(3、5、7、10、15、30、60 d)挥发性脂肪酸生成量及微生物组成进行测定,并分析两者之间的互作关系。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加植物乳杆菌(5×106 cfu·g-1 FM)后可以显著降低低水分粳稻青贮的丙酸、正丁酸、异丁酸、正戊酸和异戊酸的生成量(P<0.05),提高乙酸生成量(P<0.05),并降低青贮中微生物多样性(P<0.05),提高厚壁菌门的丰度,抑制变形菌门的丰度,提高乳杆菌属的丰度,降低其他菌属特别是肠杆菌属所占丰度。低水分粳稻青贮过程中,优势菌门分别为变形菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和蓝菌门,优势菌属分别为肠杆菌属、乳杆菌属、克雷伯氏杆菌属、沙雷氏菌属、乳球菌属、泛菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、拉乌尔菌属、肠球菌属、沙门氏菌属和梭菌属。乳杆菌属与乙酸、戊酸分别呈正、负相关(P<0.05),同时与肠杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、日沟维肠杆菌属、乳球菌属、魏斯氏菌属等呈负相关(P<0.05)。乳球菌属、厌氧杆菌属、肠球菌属和梭菌属均呈现出与丙酸、正丁酸、异丁酸正相关,戊酸与气球菌属、芽孢杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、梭菌属、肠杆菌属等15属微生物均表现出正相关(P<0.05)。肠杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、勒克氏菌属、日沟维肠杆菌属等5属微生物与乙酸含量负相关(P<0.05),魏斯氏菌属表现出与丙酸、异丁酸正相关(P<0.05)。添加植物乳杆菌可以提高低水分粳稻青贮的发酵品质,抑制多种挥发性脂肪酸的生成,同时降低青贮过程中细菌组成的多样性。 相似文献
10.
《中国奶牛》2021,(9)
本研究利用16S rRNA高通量测序分析生鲜水牛乳加工前的细菌多样性。分别提取刚挤出30min内,及冷藏5h、12h及24h的水牛乳样本细菌总DNA,PCR扩增其16S rDNA,利用纯化后的扩增片段构建其菌群的16S rDNA文库,采用Miseq PE300进行高通量测序及BLAST比对。结果显示,在属水平,刚挤出30min～冷藏5h组中的优势菌属为金黄杆菌属(39.28%)、巨型球菌属(16.47%)、乳球菌属(9.61%),而在冷藏12～24h组中则以不动杆菌属(34.95%)、芽孢杆菌属(11.2%)、库特氏菌属(9.01%)为优势菌属。葡萄球菌属在刚挤出组中未检出,但随着冷藏时间的延长,其丰度呈上升趋势。可以得出,生鲜水牛乳从刚挤出至冷藏24h内,其微生物群落结构和组成呈动态变化,且此次测序中条件致病菌检出率较高,冷藏12h后样本组中细菌多样性显著高于其他组,由此可知生鲜水牛乳从挤出至加工前,低温贮藏时间越短越好,最好控制在5h内。 相似文献
11.
Gao Guisheng Wu Tonglei Zhang Zhiqiang Yang Zongze Fu Zhixin Zou Fengping Gao Guangping An Jiwei Yao Weiping Shi Qiumei 《畜牧与饲料科学》2018,(1)
In this study, the milk samples of 1 021 cows in eight dairy farms in Eastern Hebei Province were collected and detected with LMT reagent and somatic cell count for subclinical mastitis. Pathogenic bacteria in subclinical mastitis positive milk samples were isolated and identified.The results showed that 60.63%(619/1 021) of the sampled cows were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, and mixed infections accounted for 88.21%(546/619) of the cases. In addition, 82 strains of 14 species were isolated from the subclinical mastitis positive milk samples, including 36 strains of Staphylococcus(43.90%), 33 strains of Streptococcus(40.24%), 8 strains of Enterobacteriaceae(9.76%) and 5 strains of Corynebacterium(6.10%), respectively. The results proved that Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are the main pathogenic bacteria causing bovine subclinical mastitis in Eastern Hebei Province. 相似文献
12.
通过LMT法、乳汁pH检验法和体细胞直接计数等方法相结合,对冀东地区3个大型奶牛场、8个奶牛养殖户选取的1 021头奶牛进行隐性乳房炎流行病学调查与病菌分离鉴定。结果表明,隐性乳房炎发病率为60.63%(619/1021),乳房炎阳性乳样品中细菌分离率达88.21%(546/619)。从543头隐性乳房炎患牛的阳性乳区乳样中分得细菌共4类14种菌82株,其中葡萄球菌36株,占43.90%;链球菌33株,占40.24%;肠杆菌类8株,占9.76%;棒状杆菌5株,占6.10%。冀东地区奶牛隐性乳房炎主要病原菌为金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌。 相似文献
13.
本试验通过对不同地区3个奶牛场临床型乳房炎细菌病原的分离鉴定,分析其种类和感染情况,并结合牧场环境状况和管理方式,提出控制乳房炎的建议.从中国福建、新疆、重庆3个不同规模化奶牛场采集61份临床型乳房炎乳样,采用传统微生物鉴定方法与PCR技术进行细菌分离鉴定.结果表明,61份临床型乳房炎乳样中单一感染44份(72.13%),混合感染15份(24.59%);共分离到细菌80株,经传统微生物鉴定方法与PCR技术鉴定主要为大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌,其中传染性微生物13株(16.25%)、环境性微生物46株(57.50%)、机会性微生物11株(13.75%)、其他微生物10株(12.50%);3个奶牛场临床型乳房炎仍以单一感染为主,混合感染占有一定的比例,传染性致病菌和环境性致病菌为主要致病菌.在实际生产中,规模化牧场可以通过对乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定来摸清牧场奶牛乳房炎的感染情况和致病菌种类,结合生产实际有助于了解牛群管理情况,发现问题并加以改善,更好的控制乳房炎的发生. 相似文献
14.
In order to control mastitis,clinical mastitis pathogenic bacterial species of three dairy farms in different areas were isolated and identified.The types and infection condition of pathogenic bacteria,environmental conditions and management methods of the farms were analyzed.61 clinical mastitis milk samples from three different large-scale dairy farms in Fujian,Xinjiang,and Chongqing were collected for bacterial isolation and identification using traditional microbial identification methods and PCR technology.Among clinical mastitis milk samples collected in this trial,single infection sample was 44 (72.13%)and mixed infections sample was 15 (24.59%).80 bacteria were isolated,mainly E.coli,Staphylococcus and Streptococcus,including 13 strains of infectious microorganisms (16.25%),46 strains of environmental microorganisms (57.50%),11 strains of chance of microorganisms (13.75%),10 strains of other microorganisms (12.50%).Clinical mastitis in three dairy farms were still given priority to single infection,and mixed infection occupies certain proportion,with infectious pathogens and environmental pathogens as the main pathogenic.In the actual production the dairy cow mastitis infection and pathogen species could be carried out through the isolation and identification of mastitis pathogens in large-scale dairy farms.It was helpful to identify the herd management problems and make improvements to better control the occurrence of mastitis combining with the actual production conditions. 相似文献
15.
为了初步摸清青海省部分规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎的发病情况,本研究采集了青海省5个规模化奶牛场共142份样品,进行细菌的分离鉴定、生化实验及耐药性检测。发现在5个规模化奶牛场中都有不同程度的乳房炎发生。鉴定结果显示,在142份样品中共检出大肠杆菌20株,检出率为14.08%(20/142);金黄色葡萄球菌6株,检出率为4.23%(6/142);链球菌2株,检出率为1.41%(2/142)。耐药性检测结果显示,大肠杆菌对氟苯尼考高度敏感,对头孢他啶、丁胺卡那比较敏感,对青霉素、链霉素等其他药物耐药。金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢他啶较敏感,对其他药物耐药。链球菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林敏感,对其他药物耐药。 相似文献
16.
克炎晶对奶牛乳房炎的治疗试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用克炎晶采用不同给药途径、不同剂量、不同疗程,对24例临床型乳房炎患牛和8例隐性乳房炎患牛进行了分组治疗试验。结果表明,每千克体重使用克炎晶0.5～1.0mg1～2次就能有效杀灭隐性乳房炎致病菌;对于临床型乳房炎,每千克体重0.5～1.0mg剂量总有效率为60%(9/15),而1.5mg总有效率为88.9%(8/9)。乳区基部注射总有效率为77.8%(7/9);乳池内注入总有效率为88.9%(8/9);肌肉注射总有效率为33.3%(2/6)。因此,临床治疗时应选择每千克体重1.5mg作为用药剂量,乳房基部注射和乳池内注入作为用药方法,疗程为3～5d。 相似文献
17.
Klimiene I Ruzauskas M Spakauskas V Matusevicius A Mockeliūnas R Pereckiene A Butrimaite-Ambrozeviciene C Virgailis M 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2011,14(3):467-472
The aim of the study was to isolate gram-positive cocci from cows with mastitis and to determine their resistance to beta-lactamic antibiotics. Eight hundred and nine strains were isolated and identified as staphylococci (n=516), streptococci (n=199) and enterococci (n=94) from sub-clinical and clinical cases of bovine mastitis in Lithuania. The most common causative agents of udder disease included: S. epidermidis (n=176), S. aureus (n=176), S. agalactiae (n=134), S. hyicus (136) and E. hirae (n=68). Isolates were analysed for antimicrobial resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, cephalexin, amoxicillin + clavulanate. The susceptibility patterns were analysed using the agar disk diffusion method. S. aureus showed the highest level of resistance to amoxicillin (81.3%), penicillin (76.7%) and ampicillin (78.4%). The corresponding values for CNS strains were 59.7%, 59.7% and 50.6% against penicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin respectively. Streptococci were the most frequently resistant to amoxicillin (29.3%), and enterococci to penicillin (27%), amoxicillin (27.5%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (23.8%). The resistance of all tested mastitis pathogens to aminopenicillins and penicillin highly correlated (r=0.83). Compared with other antibiotics, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination tended to be more effective (p<0.05) against all tested bacteria in vitro. However, S. aureus, in 38.1% of cases, was resistant to this combination of antimicrobials. This study demonstrates that S. epidermidis, S. aureus, S. hyicus, S. agalactiae and E. hirae remain the most frequent mastitis causative agents on Lithuanian cattle farms. The highest resistance in vitro to penicillins was demonstrated by S. aureus, S. hyicus and S. intermedius. Resistance to cephalosporins remains low, irrespective of bacterial species of gram-positive cocci. 相似文献
18.
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial and small-scale farms in Zimbabwe. Thirty five quarter milk samples from clinical mastitis cases and 371 quarter milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis were cultured for bacterial pathogens. The most frequent pathogens isolated in clinical mastitis were the enteric bacteria (31.4%), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (22.9%) and then Staphylococcus aureus (17.1%), whereas in subclinical mastitis S. aureus (34.2%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci were (33.2%) the most common. Bacillus species were only isolated in milk samples from subclinical mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were observed in mixed infections with other bacteria in only 2.2 of the 406 milk samples from clinical and subclinical mastitis where they were isolated together with Bacillus species in 6 of the 9 mixed infection cases. About 95% of the milk samples from which 131 coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated had correspondingly high somatic cell counts. The coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated most frequently were S. chromogenes (7.9%), S. epidermidis (7.4%) and S. hominis (5.9%). They were all associated with high somatic cell counts. All the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were susceptible to cloxacillin and erythromycin, and more than 90% of the isolates were susceptible to neomycin, penicillin and streptomycin. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (17.6%), followed by lincomycin (13.7%). About 8% of the isolates were resistant to both penicillin and streptomycin. 相似文献
19.
2018年天津市原料奶细菌总数、体细胞数及奶牛乳房炎病原菌、耐药基因调研报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在调查天津市原料奶细菌总数、体细胞数及乳房炎病原菌、耐药基因,了解全市原料奶的质量状况及引起奶牛乳房炎发生的主要原因。采集天津市5家乳品加工企业奶罐车的原料奶样品,用于检测体细胞数和菌落总数;采集天津市奶牛养殖场储奶罐奶样品,用于检测体细胞数;采集奶牛场临床型乳房炎发病乳区的牛奶样品,用于检测乳房炎病原菌及耐药基因。结果显示:2018年天津市乳品加工企业原料奶体细胞数平均值为44.65万/mL,标准差42.41万/mL,变异系数94.97%,最大值为225.50万/mL,最小值为1.20万/mL,SCC≤50万/mL的样品占74.37%,50万/mL200万/mL的样品占3.13%;细菌总数平均值11.54万CFU/mL,标准差26.28万CFU/mL,变异系数227.66%,最大值190.00万CFU/mL,最小值0.095万CFU/mL,细菌总数≤10万CFU/mL的样品占74.37%,10万CFU<细菌总数≤50万CFU/mL的样品占21.25%,50万CFU<细菌总数≤100万CFU/mL的样品占1.88%,100万CFU/mL<细菌总数≤200万CFU/mL的样品占2.50%。2018年天津市奶牛养殖场原料奶体细胞数平均值为38.81万/mL,标准差36.49万/mL,变异系数94.03%,最大值为210.00万/mL,最小值为0.80万/mL,SCC≤50万/mL的样品占79.17%,50万/mL200万/mL的样品占0.83%。乳房炎病原菌检测结果显示:36个样品检出病原菌,总检出率为94.74%;共检出8种病原菌,检出率最高的是乳房链球菌,检出率为73.68%,其他病原体检出率依次为:牛支原体34.21%,牛棒状杆菌13.16%,无乳链球菌10.53%,大肠杆菌5.26%,白色念球菌5.26%,停乳链球菌2.63%,铜绿假单胞菌2.63%。14个样品检出耐药基因,总检出率为36.84%;2种耐药基因的检出率分别为β-内酰胺耐药基因CTX-M934.21%,耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌耐药基因MecA 2.63%。研究表明,2018年天津市原料奶SCC及细菌总数大部分接近欧盟标准,但仍有待进一步提高;引起天津地区临床型乳房炎的3种主要致病菌为乳房链球菌、牛支原体和牛棒状杆菌。 相似文献
20.
Based on data of the Hungarian resistance monitoring system the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus strains of human and animal origin was studied. No methicillin-resistant staphylococci harbouring mecA gene were isolated from animals in 2001. Penicillin resistance, mediated by penicillinase production, was the most frequent among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from humans (96%), from bovine mastitis (55%), from foods (45%) and from dogs. In staphylococci isolated from animals low resistance percentages to aminoglycosides (0-2%), fluoroquinolones (0.5-3%) and sulphonamides (0.5-4%) were found but in strains isolated humans these figures were higher (1-14%, 5-18% and 3-31%, respectively). The most frequent antibiotic resistance profiles of strains isolated from animals and food were penicillin/tetracycline, penicillin/lincomycin and penicillin/lincomycin/tetracycline. Penicillin/tetracycline resistance was exhibited by strains from mastitis (3), samples from the meat industry (31), poultry flocks (1), poultry industry (1), noodle (1) and horses (2). Penicillin/lincomycin resistance was found in 10 Staphylococcus strains from mastitis, 1 from the dairy industry, 1 from the meat industry and 6 from dogs. Isolates from mastitis (2), from the dairy industry (2), from pigs (1), from the meat industry (1) and from poultry (1) harboured penicillin/lincomycin/tetracycline resistance pattern. Multiresistant strains were usually isolated only from one and sometimes from two animal species; therefore, the spread of defined resistant strains (clones) among different animal species could not be demonstrated. These results also suggest that the transfer of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus from animals to humans probably occurs less frequently than is generally assumed. 相似文献